Difference between revisions of "Old Farmer's Almanac" - New World Encyclopedia
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{{about|the ''Old Farmer's Almanac''|a similarly titled publication|Farmer's Almanac}} | {{about|the ''Old Farmer's Almanac''|a similarly titled publication|Farmer's Almanac}} | ||
{{Infobox Magazine | {{Infobox Magazine | ||
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| image_caption = ''The Old Farmer's Almanac''¹s 1922 cover | | image_caption = ''The Old Farmer's Almanac''¹s 1922 cover | ||
----> | ----> | ||
| − | | editor = [[Judson D. Hale Sr.]]<br>[[Janice Stillman]] | + | | editor = [[Judson D. Hale Sr.]]<br/>[[Janice Stillman]] |
| − | | editor_title = Editor in Chief<br>Editor | + | | editor_title = Editor in Chief<br/>Editor |
| frequency = [[annual publication|Annually]] | | frequency = [[annual publication|Annually]] | ||
| category = [[Almanacs]] | | category = [[Almanacs]] | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
| publisher = [[Yankee Publishing, Inc.]] | | publisher = [[Yankee Publishing, Inc.]] | ||
| firstdate = 1793 | | firstdate = 1793 | ||
| − | | country = {{USA}}<br>[[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|22px]] [[Canada]] | + | | country = {{USA}}<br/>[[Image:Flag of Canada.svg|22px]] [[Canada]] |
| language = [[English language|English]] | | language = [[English language|English]] | ||
| website = [http://www.almanac.com www.almanac.com] | | website = [http://www.almanac.com www.almanac.com] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
|}} | |}} | ||
The '''''Old Farmer's Almanac''''' is a reference book that contains [[weather forecast]]s, [[tide table]]s, [[planting|planting chart]]s, astronomical data, [[recipe]]s, and articles on a number of topics including [[gardening]], [[sports]], [[astronomy]], and [[farming]]. The book also features [[anecdotes]] and a section that predicts [[Fads and trends|trends]] in [[fashion]], food, [[home décor]], [[technology]], and living for the coming year. | The '''''Old Farmer's Almanac''''' is a reference book that contains [[weather forecast]]s, [[tide table]]s, [[planting|planting chart]]s, astronomical data, [[recipe]]s, and articles on a number of topics including [[gardening]], [[sports]], [[astronomy]], and [[farming]]. The book also features [[anecdotes]] and a section that predicts [[Fads and trends|trends]] in [[fashion]], food, [[home décor]], [[technology]], and living for the coming year. | ||
| − | + | {{toc}} | |
| − | Released the second Tuesday in September of the year prior to the year printed on its cover, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has been published continuously since 1792, making it the oldest continuously published periodical in North America.<ref name="smithsonian"> | + | Released the second Tuesday in September of the year prior to the year printed on its cover, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has been published continuously since 1792, making it the oldest continuously published periodical in North America.<ref name="smithsonian">Edwards Park, "Weathering every season with one canny compendium magazine." [[Smithsonian Magazine|The Smithsonian Magazine]], (November 1992), 91 </ref> |
==Early history (1792-1850)== | ==Early history (1792-1850)== | ||
| − | [[Image:Old Farmer's Almanac 1793 cover.jpg | + | [[Image:Old Farmer's Almanac 1793 cover.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Cover of the 1793 edition.]] |
| + | The first ''Old Farmer's Almanac'' (then known as ''The Farmer's Almanac'') was edited by [[Robert B. Thomas]], the publication's founder.<ref name="columbiab"> "Thomas, Robert Bailey" ''The Columbia Encyclopedia,'' Sixth Edition. [[Columbia University Press]] January 2004 [http://www.bartleby.com/65/th/ThomasR.html] accessdate 2007-02-24</ref> | ||
| − | There were many competing [[almanac]]s in the | + | There were many competing [[almanac]]s in the eighteenth century, but Thomas's upstart was a success.<ref name="columbiab"/> In its second year, distribution tripled to 9,000.<ref name="smithsonian"/> The cost of the book was six pence (about nine cents).<ref name="latimes"/> |
| − | To calculate the Almanac's weather predictions, Thomas studied solar activity,<ref name="nprtotn"> | + | To calculate the Almanac's weather predictions, Thomas studied solar activity,<ref name="nprtotn">John Pierce. "Strange Weather and What it Means" ''Talk of the Nation'' [[National Public Radio]] 2000-09-20 [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1082107 SMIL] (RealAudio) accessdate 2007-02-24</ref> astronomy cycles and [[meterology|weather patterns]] and used his research to develop a secret [[weather forecasting|forecasting]] formula, which is still in use today.<ref name="latimes">David Lamb. "Almanac begins third century of know-and-tell." [[Los Angeles Times]], 5 (1993-02-01) </ref> Other than the Almanac's prognosticators, few people have seen the formula. It is kept in a black tin box at the Almanac offices in [[Dublin, New Hampshire|Dublin,]] [[New Hampshire]].<ref name="smithsonian"/> |
| − | Thomas served as editor until his death on | + | Thomas served as editor until his death on May 19 1846. As its editor for more than 50 years, Thomas established ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' as America's "most enduring" almanac by outlasting the competition.<ref name="columbiaa"> "almanac" ''The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition'' [[Columbia University Press]] 2004 [http://www.bartleby.com/65/al/almanac.html] accessdate 2007-02-24 </ref> |
===Becoming "Old"=== | ===Becoming "Old"=== | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
In 1832, having survived longer than similarly named competitors, Thomas inserted the word "Old" in the title of his Farmer's Almanac,<ref name="smithsonian"/> but dropped it from the book's title in the 1836 edition. After Thomas's death, [[John Henry Jenks]] was appointed editor and, in 1848, the book's name was permanently and officially revised to ''The Old Farmer's Almanac''. | In 1832, having survived longer than similarly named competitors, Thomas inserted the word "Old" in the title of his Farmer's Almanac,<ref name="smithsonian"/> but dropped it from the book's title in the 1836 edition. After Thomas's death, [[John Henry Jenks]] was appointed editor and, in 1848, the book's name was permanently and officially revised to ''The Old Farmer's Almanac''. | ||
| − | == | + | ==Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries== |
| − | [[Image:Old Farmer's Almanac 1851 cover.jpg|framed|left|Cover of the 1851 edition.]] | + | [[Image:Old Farmer's Almanac 1851 cover.jpg|framed|left|300px|Cover of the 1851 edition.]] |
In 1851, Jenks made another change to the Almanac when he featured a "four seasons" drawing on the cover by Boston artist [[Hammatt Billings]], engraved by [[Henry Nichols]]. Jenks dropped the new cover for three years, and then reinstated it permanently in 1855. This trademarked design is still in use today. | In 1851, Jenks made another change to the Almanac when he featured a "four seasons" drawing on the cover by Boston artist [[Hammatt Billings]], engraved by [[Henry Nichols]]. Jenks dropped the new cover for three years, and then reinstated it permanently in 1855. This trademarked design is still in use today. | ||
| − | In 1861, [[Charles Louis Flint]] became editor and provided his readers with a heavier emphasis on farming. The next two editors, [[John Boies Tileston]] and [[Loomis Joseph Campbell]], served short terms and made no format changes.<ref name="ofahistory"> | + | In 1861, [[Charles Louis Flint]] became editor and provided his readers with a heavier emphasis on farming. The next two editors, [[John Boies Tileston]] and [[Loomis Joseph Campbell]], served short terms and made no format changes.<ref name="ofahistory">[http://www.almanac.com/history/ History of ''The Old Farmer's Almanac''] 2007-02-22 ''Almanac.com'' accessdate 2007-02-22 </ref> |
[[Robert Ware]] took over as the book's sixth editor in 1877 and served for 13 years before his brother, Horace, was named to the position in 1900. During [[Horace Everett Ware]]'s 19 years as editor, he began to orient the book toward a more general audience by replacing the scientific [[Agriculture|agricultural]] articles with general features on nature and modern life.<ref name="ofahistory"/> | [[Robert Ware]] took over as the book's sixth editor in 1877 and served for 13 years before his brother, Horace, was named to the position in 1900. During [[Horace Everett Ware]]'s 19 years as editor, he began to orient the book toward a more general audience by replacing the scientific [[Agriculture|agricultural]] articles with general features on nature and modern life.<ref name="ofahistory"/> | ||
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[[Roger Scaife]] was appointed editor in 1936.<ref name="smithsonian"/> His term coincided with the only time in the history of the Almanac that its distribution declined and the book's financial stability fell into question. The 1938 edition had a circulation of less than 89,000, compared with 225,000 in 1863.<ref name="ofahistory"/> | [[Roger Scaife]] was appointed editor in 1936.<ref name="smithsonian"/> His term coincided with the only time in the history of the Almanac that its distribution declined and the book's financial stability fell into question. The 1938 edition had a circulation of less than 89,000, compared with 225,000 in 1863.<ref name="ofahistory"/> | ||
| − | During his tenure, Scaife also committed the greatest of all blunders in Almanac history: In the 1938 edition, he dropped the weather forecasts.<ref name="smithsonian"/> In their place, he substituted temperature and precipitation averages.<ref name="uslegion"> | + | During his tenure, Scaife also committed the greatest of all blunders in Almanac history: In the 1938 edition, he dropped the weather forecasts.<ref name="smithsonian"/> In their place, he substituted temperature and precipitation averages.<ref name="uslegion"> Robb Sagendorph, "My Life with the Old Farmer's Almanac" ''The American Legion Magazine'' (January 1965), 24-26, 50-52</ref> The public outcry was so great that he reinstated the forecasts in the next year's edition,<ref name="smithsonian"/> but the decision had already destroyed his reputation.<ref name="ofahistory"/> |
===A new beginning=== | ===A new beginning=== | ||
| − | In 1939, [[Robert Sagendorph]], founder and president of [[Yankee, Inc.]] (later known as [[Yankee Publishing, Inc.]]), acquired the publishing rights to ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' and became its editor.<ref name="uslegion"/> | + | In 1939, [[Robert Sagendorph]], founder and president of [[Yankee, Inc.]] (later known as [[Yankee Publishing, Inc.]]), acquired the publishing rights to ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' and became its editor.<ref name="uslegion"/> Sagendorph had moved his family to Dublin, New Hampshire in 1930, and started the magazine ''[[Yankee Magazine|Yankee]]'' in 1935.<ref> Corporation Filings 1935-08-05 ''New Hampshire Secretary of State - Corporation Division''</ref> Feeling that tradition was the Almanac's strongest suit, Sagendorph immediately reestablished its format and editorial style to reflect the interests of the general populace much as it had a century earlier.<ref name="uslegion"/> He was fond of quoting Robert B. Thomas, who wrote in 1829 that the Almanac "strives to be useful, but with a pleasant degree of humor."<ref>Robert B. Thomas, "To Patrons" ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' XXXVII, 1 (Richardson and Lord, 1829). </ref> Under Sagendorph's leadership, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' thrived and readership grew each year.<ref name="uslegion"/> |
===A halt in publication (almost)=== | ===A halt in publication (almost)=== | ||
| − | During World War II, a German spy was apprehended in New York with a copy of the 1942 Almanac in his pocket.<ref name="smithsonian"/> | + | During [[World War II]], a German spy was apprehended in New York with a copy of the 1942 Almanac in his pocket.<ref name="smithsonian"/> |
From 1943 through 1945, to comply with the U.S. | From 1943 through 1945, to comply with the U.S. | ||
[[Office of Censorship|Office of Censorship's]] voluntary | [[Office of Censorship|Office of Censorship's]] voluntary | ||
| − | ''[[Office of Censorship#The Code of Wartime Practices|Code of Wartime Practices]]'' for press and radio, the Almanac featured weather indications rather than forecasts.<ref> | + | ''[[Office of Censorship#The Code of Wartime Practices|Code of Wartime Practices]]'' for press and radio, the Almanac featured weather indications rather than forecasts.<ref>"To Patrons and Correspondents" ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' 151 (1943), 2 </ref><ref> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' "To Patrons and Correspondents" 152 (1944), 2 </ref><ref> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' "To Patrons and Correspondents" 153 (1945), 2 </ref> This allowed the Almanac to maintain its perfect record of continuous publication. |
==Recent history== | ==Recent history== | ||
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===Editions=== | ===Editions=== | ||
| − | ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' publishes four editions per year. The only difference between the three U.S. editions is the city by which astronomical information is calculated and how tide times are presented. The National edition is fitted for Boston and the New England states;<ref name="ofanatl"> | + | ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' publishes four editions per year. The only difference between the three U.S. editions is the city by which astronomical information is calculated and how tide times are presented. The National edition is fitted for Boston and the New England states;<ref name="ofanatl"> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac - National Edition'' 215, Title Page (2007), 1 </ref> the Southern edition is fitted for Atlanta and the southern states;<ref name="ofasouth"> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac - Southern Edition'' Title Page 215 (2007), 1 </ref> and the Western edition is fitted for San Francisco and the western states.<ref name="ofawest"> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac - Western Edition'' Title Page, 215 (2007), 1 </ref> Each edition contains calculations to answer for all the United States.<ref name="ofanatl"/><ref name="ofasouth"/><ref name="ofawest"/> |
| − | In 1982, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' began publishing an annual Canadian edition.<ref> | + | In 1982, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' began publishing an annual Canadian edition.<ref> [http://www.almanac.com/guidelines/index.php The Old Farmer's Almanac - Writer's Guidelines] 2007 accessdate 2007-02-26 ''Almanac.com''</ref> This edition is fitted for Ottawa, with calculations to answer for all the Canadian provinces,<ref name="ofacanada"> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac - Canadian Edition'' Title Page 215 (2007), 1 </ref> and features provincial weather forecasts as well as stories that speak specifically to the [[Canadian history|history]], traditions, and [[Canadian culture|culture]] of the country. |
| − | |||
==Weather predictions== | ==Weather predictions== | ||
While ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has always looked to Thomas's original formula to help with predictions, its forecasting methods have been refined over the years. Today, they also employ state-of-the-art technology and the use of three scientific disciplines: [[solar science]], the study of sunspots and other solar activity; [[climatology]], the study of prevailing weather patterns; and [[meteorology]], the study of the atmosphere. Weather trends and events are predicted by comparing solar patterns and historical weather conditions with current solar activity.<ref name="nprtotn"/> | While ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has always looked to Thomas's original formula to help with predictions, its forecasting methods have been refined over the years. Today, they also employ state-of-the-art technology and the use of three scientific disciplines: [[solar science]], the study of sunspots and other solar activity; [[climatology]], the study of prevailing weather patterns; and [[meteorology]], the study of the atmosphere. Weather trends and events are predicted by comparing solar patterns and historical weather conditions with current solar activity.<ref name="nprtotn"/> | ||
| − | Forecasts emphasize temperature and precipitation deviations from averages. These are based on 30-year statistical averages prepared by the [[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] and updated every ten years. The most recent climatological normals tabulation spans the period 1971 through 2000.<ref> | + | Forecasts emphasize temperature and precipitation deviations from averages. These are based on 30-year statistical averages prepared by the [[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] and updated every ten years. The most recent climatological normals tabulation spans the period 1971 through 2000.<ref>[http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/normals/usnormals.html U.S. Normals 2007] accessdate 2007-02-24 ''National Climactic Data Center, [[NOAA]], U.S. Department of Commerce''</ref> |
| − | Forecasts are prepared as much as 18 months in advance<ref name="nprtotn"/> and presented in each edition by region. | + | Forecasts are prepared as much as 18 months in advance<ref name="nprtotn"/> and presented in each edition by region. There are 16 regions for the U.S.<ref name="ofaustoc"> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac - National Edition'' "Table of Contents" 215 (2007), 2 </ref> and five for Canada<ref name="ofacatoc"> ''The Old Farmer's Almanac - Canadian Edition'' "Table of Contents" 215 (2007) </ref> in their respective country editions. Four additional regions are available on the Almanac's Web site, Almanac.com. These include Hawaii and Alaska for the U.S. and the [[Yukon Territory]] and Northwest Territories for Canada.<ref>[http://www.almanac.com/weather/forecast/locations/index.php 7-Day Weather Forecast Locations in USA and Canada, 2007] accessdate 2007-02-24 ''Almanac.com''</ref> |
| − | In its bicentennial edition, the Almanac stated, "neither we nor anyone else has as yet gained sufficient insight into the mysteries of the universe to predict weather with anything resembling total accuracy."<ref name="smithsonian"/> The Almanac claims that its long-range weather forecasts are 80% accurate.<ref> | + | In its bicentennial edition, the Almanac stated, "neither we nor anyone else has as yet gained sufficient insight into the mysteries of the universe to predict weather with anything resembling total accuracy."<ref name="smithsonian"/> The Almanac claims that its long-range weather forecasts are 80% accurate.<ref> ''The Weather Notebook'' "The Almanac Defends" [http://www.weathernotebook.org/transcripts/2003/02.php 2003] accessdate=2007-03-11</ref> One disputing analysis concluded that these forecasts are at most 2 percent more accurate than random guesses.<ref> [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/february96/weather_2-2.html Online NewsHour: Online Forum with Weatherman Ed O'Lenic] 1996-02-02 accessdate 2006-09-12 ''MacNeil/Lehrer Productions''</ref> |
==Related publications and entities== | ==Related publications and entities== | ||
| − | Under ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' brand, [[user:ypi-stars/sandbox-ypi|Yankee Publishing]] also produces ''The All-Seasons Garden Guide'' | + | Under ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' brand, [[user:ypi-stars/sandbox-ypi|Yankee Publishing]] also produces ''The All-Seasons Garden Guide,'' an annual gardening resource,<ref>[http://www.almanac.com/garden/07.gg/index.php The Old Farmer's Almanac All-Seasons Garden Guide 2007] accessdate 2007-02-24 ''Almanac.com'' </ref> and ''The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids'', an Almanac-inspired book designed for children ages 8 and up.<ref>[http://store.almanac.com/cgi-bin/95AB58B9/mac/additmdtl.mac/showItemDetail?loadItem=OF05KIDS Web Store Item Detail Page 2005] accessdate 2007-03-11 ''Almanac.com''</ref> The latter is published every other year. |
In addition to annual and biannual books, the Almanac has inspired a line of themed calendars including Gardening, Weather Watcher's, and Country (all for wall display); Every Day (with advice, folklore, and quotes in a page-a-day format); and a spiral-bound Engagement calendar. | In addition to annual and biannual books, the Almanac has inspired a line of themed calendars including Gardening, Weather Watcher's, and Country (all for wall display); Every Day (with advice, folklore, and quotes in a page-a-day format); and a spiral-bound Engagement calendar. | ||
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Over the years, the Almanac has published several cookbooks, food-related magazines, and a guide for homeowners. | Over the years, the Almanac has published several cookbooks, food-related magazines, and a guide for homeowners. | ||
| − | ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has also inspired a chain of retail locations called The Old Farmer's Almanac General Store. In early 2007, store locations included [[Mohegan Sun|Mohegan Sun Casino]] in [[Uncasville, Connecticut]]; the [[Louisiana Boardwalk]] shopping center in [[Bossier City, Louisiana]]; and the [[Tropicana Resort & Casino New Jersey|Tropicana Casino and Resort]] in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].<ref> | + | ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has also inspired a chain of retail locations called The Old Farmer's Almanac General Store. In early 2007, store locations included [[Mohegan Sun|Mohegan Sun Casino]] in [[Uncasville, Connecticut]]; the [[Louisiana Boardwalk]] shopping center in [[Bossier City, Louisiana]]; and the [[Tropicana Resort & Casino New Jersey|Tropicana Casino and Resort]] in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].<ref>[http://www.almanac.com/press/generalstore.php Old Farmer's Almanac General Stores 2007] accessdate 2007-03-11 ''Almanac.com''</ref> |
==Online presence== | ==Online presence== | ||
| − | In 1996, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' launched Almanac.com.<ref> | + | In 1996, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' launched Almanac.com.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/19961219200508/http://www.almanac.com/ 1996 version of Almanac.com ] 1996-12-19 accessdate 2007-02-22 ''The Internet Archive''</ref> This online presence features the same kind of information found in the print edition, including weather forecasts, astronomy, folklore, recipes, gardening advice, history, and trivia. |
| − | In 2003, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' distributed a 32-page ''Almanac Just For Kids''.<ref name="ofaforkids"> | + | In 2003, ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' distributed a 32-page ''Almanac Just For Kids''.<ref name="ofaforkids">[http://www.almanac4kids.com/about/index.php Old Farmer's Almanac For Kids - About Us 2007] accessdate 2007-02-24 ''Almanac4Kids.com''</ref> The positive response<ref name="ofaforkids"/> led to the release of ''The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids'' in 2005, and the Almanac launched Almanac4kids.com.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/19961219200508/http://www.almanac.com/ 2005] version of Almanac4Kids.com 2005-11-19 accessdate 2007-02-22 ''The Internet Archive''</ref> This site is dedicated to content for younger readers, their parents, and teachers, featuring interactive activities and exclusive articles that further explore topics found in the book.<ref name="ofaforkids"/> |
==Trivia== | ==Trivia== | ||
| − | + | * There is a hole in the upper-left-hand corner of the almanac. The intended function of this hole is to allow the reader to hang the almanac on a nail in an [[outhouse]]. | |
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| − | * There is a hole in the upper-left-hand corner of the almanac. The intended function of this hole is to allow the reader to hang the almanac on a nail in an [[outhouse]]. | ||
| − | * Only 13 people have held the title of editor of ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' since it was first published in 1792.<ref> | + | * Only 13 people have held the title of editor of ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' since it was first published in 1792.<ref> [http://www.almanac.com/press/editors.php The Old Farmer's Almanac - Our Editors 2007] accessdate 2007-03-24 ''Almanac.com''</ref> |
| − | * In 1858, [[Abraham Lincoln]] may have used a copy of ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' to argue the innocence of his client, [[William "Duff" Armstrong|William ("Duff") Armstrong]], who was on trial for murder in [[Beardstown, Illinois|Beardstown]], [[Illinois]].<ref> | + | * In 1858, [[Abraham Lincoln]] may have used a copy of ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' to argue the innocence of his client, [[William "Duff" Armstrong|William ("Duff") Armstrong]], who was on trial for murder in [[Beardstown, Illinois|Beardstown]], [[Illinois]].<ref> The Papers of Abraham Lincoln 2007 ''Illinois Historic Preservation Agency''</ref> Lincoln used an almanac to refute the testimony of Charles Allen, an eyewitness who claimed he had seen the crime by the light of the moon<ref>[http://www.library.uiuc.edu/ihx/lincolnindex.htm Lincoln Room - Lincoln Collections 2007] accessdate 2007-03-24 ''University of Illinois Library''</ref> on August 29, 1857. The book stated that not only was the Moon in the first quarter, but it was riding "low" on the horizon, about to set. Because the actual almanac used in the trial was not retained for posterity, however, there exists some controversy as to whether the almanac used was, in fact, "The Old Farmer's Almanac." In 2007, a competing almanac, the ''[[Farmers' Almanac]]'', based in Lewiston, Maine, ran an article claiming that the almanac in question may have been theirs.<ref>Joe Rao, ''Farmer's Almanac'' "A 100% Guarantee and How We 'May' Have Helped a Former U.S. President," (2007) 190, 142-144 </ref> Because both farmers' almanacs, and many others, were in general circulation at the time of the trial, there is no way to verify which book, if either, was the almanac used by Lincoln. |
| − | * ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has been featured on TV in episodes of ''[[Dharma & Greg]]'' | + | * ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' has been featured on TV in episodes of ''[[Dharma & Greg]],'' ''[[Pinky and the Brain]],'' and ''[[Malcolm in the Middle]],'' served as a topic on ''[[Jeopardy!]],'' and as an answer on ''[[Who Wants to be a Millionaire?]]'' |
* Films that have featured ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' include ''[[Desk Set]]'' (1957), ''[[In the Gloaming]]'' (1997), ''[[Love Letters]]'' (1998), ''[[State and Main]]'' (2000), ''[[Elizabethtown (film)|Elizabethtown]]'' (2005), and ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard (film)|The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (2005). | * Films that have featured ''The Old Farmer's Almanac'' include ''[[Desk Set]]'' (1957), ''[[In the Gloaming]]'' (1997), ''[[Love Letters]]'' (1998), ''[[State and Main]]'' (2000), ''[[Elizabethtown (film)|Elizabethtown]]'' (2005), and ''[[The Dukes of Hazzard (film)|The Dukes of Hazzard]]'' (2005). | ||
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* [[Farmer's Almanac]] | * [[Farmer's Almanac]] | ||
| − | == References == | + | == Notes == |
| − | + | <references/> | |
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | *1996. "Bluff Your Way Through Any Conversation - "The Old Farmer's Almanac Book Everyday Advice." ''The Reader's Digest''. no. 891: 122. | ||
| + | *1997. "This Tune Makes You Want to Stand - Old Farmer's Almanac." ''The Reader's Digest''. no. 901: 100. | ||
| + | *Donovan, Melissa, and Al Schneider. ''Research Challenges: Through the Use of the Atlas, the Almanac, and Other World Resources.'' Carthage, IL: Good Apple, Inc, 1985. ISBN 0866532714 ISBN 9780866532716 | ||
| + | *Hale, Judson D. ''The Best of the Old Farmer's Almanac: The First 200 Years.'' New York: Random House, 1991. ISBN 0679737847 ISBN 9780679737841 ISBN 0679404961 ISBN 9780679404965 | ||
| + | *''The Old Farmer's Almanac Engagement Calendar: Useful Advice and Folk Wisdom from the Publishers of the Old Farmer's Almanac''. [S.l.]: Yankee Pub. Inc, 2001. ISBN 157198206X ISBN 9781571982063 | ||
| + | *Vara, Jon. ''Home Wisdom: A Commonsense Guide to Solving Everyday Problems.'' The Old farmerʼs almanac home library. [Alexandria, VA]: Time-Life Books, 1997. ISBN 0783549377 ISBN 9780783549378 | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| − | + | All links retrieved November 17, 2022. | |
| − | + | ||
* [http://www.almanac.com The Old Farmer's Almanac] | * [http://www.almanac.com The Old Farmer's Almanac] | ||
* [http://www.almanac4kids.com The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids] | * [http://www.almanac4kids.com The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids] | ||
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{{credits|Old_Farmer's_Almanac|190298743}} | {{credits|Old_Farmer's_Almanac|190298743}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:31, 11 March 2023
- This article is about the Old Farmer's Almanac. For a similarly titled publication, see Farmer's Almanac.
| The Old Farmer's Almanac | |
|---|---|
| Editor in Chief Editor |
Judson D. Hale Sr. Janice Stillman |
| Categories | Almanacs |
| Frequency | Annually |
| Publisher | Yankee Publishing, Inc. |
| First issue | 1793 |
| Company | Yankee Publishing, Inc. |
| Country |  United States Canada
|
| Language | English |
| Website | www.almanac.com |
| ISSN | 0078-4516 |
The Old Farmer's Almanac is a reference book that contains weather forecasts, tide tables, planting charts, astronomical data, recipes, and articles on a number of topics including gardening, sports, astronomy, and farming. The book also features anecdotes and a section that predicts trends in fashion, food, home décor, technology, and living for the coming year.
Released the second Tuesday in September of the year prior to the year printed on its cover, The Old Farmer's Almanac has been published continuously since 1792, making it the oldest continuously published periodical in North America.[1]
Early history (1792-1850)
The first Old Farmer's Almanac (then known as The Farmer's Almanac) was edited by Robert B. Thomas, the publication's founder.[2]
There were many competing almanacs in the eighteenth century, but Thomas's upstart was a success.[2] In its second year, distribution tripled to 9,000.[1] The cost of the book was six pence (about nine cents).[3]
To calculate the Almanac's weather predictions, Thomas studied solar activity,[4] astronomy cycles and weather patterns and used his research to develop a secret forecasting formula, which is still in use today.[3] Other than the Almanac's prognosticators, few people have seen the formula. It is kept in a black tin box at the Almanac offices in Dublin, New Hampshire.[1]
Thomas served as editor until his death on May 19 1846. As its editor for more than 50 years, Thomas established The Old Farmer's Almanac as America's "most enduring" almanac by outlasting the competition.[5]
Becoming "Old"
In 1832, having survived longer than similarly named competitors, Thomas inserted the word "Old" in the title of his Farmer's Almanac,[1] but dropped it from the book's title in the 1836 edition. After Thomas's death, John Henry Jenks was appointed editor and, in 1848, the book's name was permanently and officially revised to The Old Farmer's Almanac.
Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Cover of the 1851 edition.
In 1851, Jenks made another change to the Almanac when he featured a "four seasons" drawing on the cover by Boston artist Hammatt Billings, engraved by Henry Nichols. Jenks dropped the new cover for three years, and then reinstated it permanently in 1855. This trademarked design is still in use today.
In 1861, Charles Louis Flint became editor and provided his readers with a heavier emphasis on farming. The next two editors, John Boies Tileston and Loomis Joseph Campbell, served short terms and made no format changes.[6]
Robert Ware took over as the book's sixth editor in 1877 and served for 13 years before his brother, Horace, was named to the position in 1900. During Horace Everett Ware's 19 years as editor, he began to orient the book toward a more general audience by replacing the scientific agricultural articles with general features on nature and modern life.[6]
The eighth and ninth editors, Frank B. Newton and Col. Carroll J. Swan, kept the Almanac tradition alive through wartime and the Depression.[6]
Roger Scaife was appointed editor in 1936.[1] His term coincided with the only time in the history of the Almanac that its distribution declined and the book's financial stability fell into question. The 1938 edition had a circulation of less than 89,000, compared with 225,000 in 1863.[6]
During his tenure, Scaife also committed the greatest of all blunders in Almanac history: In the 1938 edition, he dropped the weather forecasts.[1] In their place, he substituted temperature and precipitation averages.[7] The public outcry was so great that he reinstated the forecasts in the next year's edition,[1] but the decision had already destroyed his reputation.[6]
A new beginning
In 1939, Robert Sagendorph, founder and president of Yankee, Inc. (later known as Yankee Publishing, Inc.), acquired the publishing rights to The Old Farmer's Almanac and became its editor.[7] Sagendorph had moved his family to Dublin, New Hampshire in 1930, and started the magazine Yankee in 1935.[8] Feeling that tradition was the Almanac's strongest suit, Sagendorph immediately reestablished its format and editorial style to reflect the interests of the general populace much as it had a century earlier.[7] He was fond of quoting Robert B. Thomas, who wrote in 1829 that the Almanac "strives to be useful, but with a pleasant degree of humor."[9] Under Sagendorph's leadership, The Old Farmer's Almanac thrived and readership grew each year.[7]
A halt in publication (almost)
During World War II, a German spy was apprehended in New York with a copy of the 1942 Almanac in his pocket.[1]
From 1943 through 1945, to comply with the U.S. Office of Censorship's voluntary Code of Wartime Practices for press and radio, the Almanac featured weather indications rather than forecasts.[10][11][12] This allowed the Almanac to maintain its perfect record of continuous publication.
Recent history
Sagendorph served as the Almanac's editor until his death in 1970. His nephew, Judson D. Hale, Sr., took over and kept the Almanac true to the vision of his uncle. In 2000, the editorial reins were passed to Janice Stillman, the first woman in the Almanac's history to hold the position. Hale still acts as the publication's editor-in-chief. In 1992, the Almanac's distribution passed the four million mark.[1] It is still headquartered in Dublin, New Hampshire.
Editions
The Old Farmer's Almanac publishes four editions per year. The only difference between the three U.S. editions is the city by which astronomical information is calculated and how tide times are presented. The National edition is fitted for Boston and the New England states;[13] the Southern edition is fitted for Atlanta and the southern states;[14] and the Western edition is fitted for San Francisco and the western states.[15] Each edition contains calculations to answer for all the United States.[13][14][15]
In 1982, The Old Farmer's Almanac began publishing an annual Canadian edition.[16] This edition is fitted for Ottawa, with calculations to answer for all the Canadian provinces,[17] and features provincial weather forecasts as well as stories that speak specifically to the history, traditions, and culture of the country.
Weather predictions
While The Old Farmer's Almanac has always looked to Thomas's original formula to help with predictions, its forecasting methods have been refined over the years. Today, they also employ state-of-the-art technology and the use of three scientific disciplines: solar science, the study of sunspots and other solar activity; climatology, the study of prevailing weather patterns; and meteorology, the study of the atmosphere. Weather trends and events are predicted by comparing solar patterns and historical weather conditions with current solar activity.[4]
Forecasts emphasize temperature and precipitation deviations from averages. These are based on 30-year statistical averages prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and updated every ten years. The most recent climatological normals tabulation spans the period 1971 through 2000.[18]
Forecasts are prepared as much as 18 months in advance[4] and presented in each edition by region. There are 16 regions for the U.S.[19] and five for Canada[20] in their respective country editions. Four additional regions are available on the Almanac's Web site, Almanac.com. These include Hawaii and Alaska for the U.S. and the Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories for Canada.[21]
In its bicentennial edition, the Almanac stated, "neither we nor anyone else has as yet gained sufficient insight into the mysteries of the universe to predict weather with anything resembling total accuracy."[1] The Almanac claims that its long-range weather forecasts are 80% accurate.[22] One disputing analysis concluded that these forecasts are at most 2 percent more accurate than random guesses.[23]
Related publications and entities
Under The Old Farmer's Almanac brand, Yankee Publishing also produces The All-Seasons Garden Guide, an annual gardening resource,[24] and The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids, an Almanac-inspired book designed for children ages 8 and up.[25] The latter is published every other year.
In addition to annual and biannual books, the Almanac has inspired a line of themed calendars including Gardening, Weather Watcher's, and Country (all for wall display); Every Day (with advice, folklore, and quotes in a page-a-day format); and a spiral-bound Engagement calendar.
Over the years, the Almanac has published several cookbooks, food-related magazines, and a guide for homeowners.
The Old Farmer's Almanac has also inspired a chain of retail locations called The Old Farmer's Almanac General Store. In early 2007, store locations included Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut; the Louisiana Boardwalk shopping center in Bossier City, Louisiana; and the Tropicana Casino and Resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey.[26]
Online presence
In 1996, The Old Farmer's Almanac launched Almanac.com.[27] This online presence features the same kind of information found in the print edition, including weather forecasts, astronomy, folklore, recipes, gardening advice, history, and trivia.
In 2003, The Old Farmer's Almanac distributed a 32-page Almanac Just For Kids.[28] The positive response[28] led to the release of The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids in 2005, and the Almanac launched Almanac4kids.com.[29] This site is dedicated to content for younger readers, their parents, and teachers, featuring interactive activities and exclusive articles that further explore topics found in the book.[28]
Trivia
- There is a hole in the upper-left-hand corner of the almanac. The intended function of this hole is to allow the reader to hang the almanac on a nail in an outhouse.
- Only 13 people have held the title of editor of The Old Farmer's Almanac since it was first published in 1792.[30]
- In 1858, Abraham Lincoln may have used a copy of The Old Farmer's Almanac to argue the innocence of his client, William ("Duff") Armstrong, who was on trial for murder in Beardstown, Illinois.[31] Lincoln used an almanac to refute the testimony of Charles Allen, an eyewitness who claimed he had seen the crime by the light of the moon[32] on August 29, 1857. The book stated that not only was the Moon in the first quarter, but it was riding "low" on the horizon, about to set. Because the actual almanac used in the trial was not retained for posterity, however, there exists some controversy as to whether the almanac used was, in fact, "The Old Farmer's Almanac." In 2007, a competing almanac, the Farmers' Almanac, based in Lewiston, Maine, ran an article claiming that the almanac in question may have been theirs.[33] Because both farmers' almanacs, and many others, were in general circulation at the time of the trial, there is no way to verify which book, if either, was the almanac used by Lincoln.
- The Old Farmer's Almanac has been featured on TV in episodes of Dharma & Greg, Pinky and the Brain, and Malcolm in the Middle, served as a topic on Jeopardy!, and as an answer on Who Wants to be a Millionaire?
- Films that have featured The Old Farmer's Almanac include Desk Set (1957), In the Gloaming (1997), Love Letters (1998), State and Main (2000), Elizabethtown (2005), and The Dukes of Hazzard (2005).
See also
- Farmer's Almanac
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Edwards Park, "Weathering every season with one canny compendium magazine." The Smithsonian Magazine, (November 1992), 91
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Thomas, Robert Bailey" The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press January 2004 [1] accessdate 2007-02-24
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 David Lamb. "Almanac begins third century of know-and-tell." Los Angeles Times, 5 (1993-02-01)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 John Pierce. "Strange Weather and What it Means" Talk of the Nation National Public Radio 2000-09-20 SMIL (RealAudio) accessdate 2007-02-24
- ↑ "almanac" The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Columbia University Press 2004 [2] accessdate 2007-02-24
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 History of The Old Farmer's Almanac 2007-02-22 Almanac.com accessdate 2007-02-22
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Robb Sagendorph, "My Life with the Old Farmer's Almanac" The American Legion Magazine (January 1965), 24-26, 50-52
- ↑ Corporation Filings 1935-08-05 New Hampshire Secretary of State - Corporation Division
- ↑ Robert B. Thomas, "To Patrons" The Old Farmer's Almanac XXXVII, 1 (Richardson and Lord, 1829).
- ↑ "To Patrons and Correspondents" The Old Farmer's Almanac 151 (1943), 2
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac "To Patrons and Correspondents" 152 (1944), 2
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac "To Patrons and Correspondents" 153 (1945), 2
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 The Old Farmer's Almanac - National Edition 215, Title Page (2007), 1
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Old Farmer's Almanac - Southern Edition Title Page 215 (2007), 1
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 The Old Farmer's Almanac - Western Edition Title Page, 215 (2007), 1
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac - Writer's Guidelines 2007 accessdate 2007-02-26 Almanac.com
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac - Canadian Edition Title Page 215 (2007), 1
- ↑ U.S. Normals 2007 accessdate 2007-02-24 National Climactic Data Center, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac - National Edition "Table of Contents" 215 (2007), 2
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac - Canadian Edition "Table of Contents" 215 (2007)
- ↑ 7-Day Weather Forecast Locations in USA and Canada, 2007 accessdate 2007-02-24 Almanac.com
- ↑ The Weather Notebook "The Almanac Defends" 2003 accessdate=2007-03-11
- ↑ Online NewsHour: Online Forum with Weatherman Ed O'Lenic 1996-02-02 accessdate 2006-09-12 MacNeil/Lehrer Productions
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac All-Seasons Garden Guide 2007 accessdate 2007-02-24 Almanac.com
- ↑ Web Store Item Detail Page 2005 accessdate 2007-03-11 Almanac.com
- ↑ Old Farmer's Almanac General Stores 2007 accessdate 2007-03-11 Almanac.com
- ↑ 1996 version of Almanac.com 1996-12-19 accessdate 2007-02-22 The Internet Archive
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Old Farmer's Almanac For Kids - About Us 2007 accessdate 2007-02-24 Almanac4Kids.com
- ↑ 2005 version of Almanac4Kids.com 2005-11-19 accessdate 2007-02-22 The Internet Archive
- ↑ The Old Farmer's Almanac - Our Editors 2007 accessdate 2007-03-24 Almanac.com
- ↑ The Papers of Abraham Lincoln 2007 Illinois Historic Preservation Agency
- ↑ Lincoln Room - Lincoln Collections 2007 accessdate 2007-03-24 University of Illinois Library
- ↑ Joe Rao, Farmer's Almanac "A 100% Guarantee and How We 'May' Have Helped a Former U.S. President," (2007) 190, 142-144
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- 1996. "Bluff Your Way Through Any Conversation - "The Old Farmer's Almanac Book Everyday Advice." The Reader's Digest. no. 891: 122.
- 1997. "This Tune Makes You Want to Stand - Old Farmer's Almanac." The Reader's Digest. no. 901: 100.
- Donovan, Melissa, and Al Schneider. Research Challenges: Through the Use of the Atlas, the Almanac, and Other World Resources. Carthage, IL: Good Apple, Inc, 1985. ISBN 0866532714 ISBN 9780866532716
- Hale, Judson D. The Best of the Old Farmer's Almanac: The First 200 Years. New York: Random House, 1991. ISBN 0679737847 ISBN 9780679737841 ISBN 0679404961 ISBN 9780679404965
- The Old Farmer's Almanac Engagement Calendar: Useful Advice and Folk Wisdom from the Publishers of the Old Farmer's Almanac. [S.l.]: Yankee Pub. Inc, 2001. ISBN 157198206X ISBN 9781571982063
- Vara, Jon. Home Wisdom: A Commonsense Guide to Solving Everyday Problems. The Old farmerʼs almanac home library. [Alexandria, VA]: Time-Life Books, 1997. ISBN 0783549377 ISBN 9780783549378
External links
All links retrieved November 17, 2022.
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