Max Schmeling

Max Schmeling
Max Schmeling 1938
Statistics
Real name	Maximillian Adolph Otto Siegfried Schmeling
Nickname	Black Uhlan of the Rhine
Rated at	Heavyweight
Nationality	German
Birth date	September 28, 1905
Birth place	Uckermark, Germany
Death date	February 2, 2005
Stance	Orthodox
Boxing record
Total fights	70
Wins	56
Wins by KO	40
Losses	10
Draws	4
No contests	0

Maximillian Adolph Otto Siegfried Schmeling (September 28, 1905 – February 2, 2005) was a German boxer whose two fights with Joe Louis transcended boxing and became worldwide social events because of their racial and national importance. His title and image were used as a propaganda tool by Adolf Hitler to demonstrate Aryan supremacy. Despite his supposed associations with nazism, used to smear him as a Nazi villain, it became known long after the Second World War that Schmeling had risked his own life to save the lives of two Jewish children in 1938.

Schmeling won the German light-heavyweight title in 1926. He also won the European 175-pound title and German heavyweight crown before coming to the United States to fight. In 1929 in New York, Schmeling defeated a pair of top heavyweights — Johnny Risko and Paolino Uzcudun, earning him a number-two ranking and a shot at the heavyweight title.

In a 1930 Yankee Stadium heavyweight-title bout with Ray Sharkey, Schmeling won when his opponent was disqualified in the fourth round for hitting Schmeling low. The champion fought once in 1931, successfully defending the title against Young Stribling with a fifteenth-round technical knockout. Two months later he forced former welterweight and middleweight king Mickey Walker into submission in eight rounds. In 1933, Schmeling was knocked out by Max Baer.

In 1936, the German knocked the 22-year-old Joe Louis down in the fourth round and knocked him out in the twelfth. When Louis won the title, a rematch was scheduled for 1938; a bout that caught the imagination of the world and the attention of Adolf Hitler. Louis knocked out Schmeling in the first round.

Schmeling served as a German paratrooper during World War II and resumed his career when the war ended. He fought until 1948 before retiring.

Boxing career

Early years and Jack Sharkey

Schmeling debuted as a professional boxer in 1924, and he built a record of 42 wins, 4 losses, and 3 draws, before fighting Jack Sharkey for the vacant world Heavyweight championship, in 1930. In between his debut and the championship fight, he fought a two-round exhibition with world Heavyweight champ Jack Dempsey (who he strongly resembled), in 1925, at Cologne.

In round 4, Sharkey hit Schmeling with a low blow so severe that Schmeling could not continue. Thus, Schmeling won the world title on a disqualification. He became the first Heavyweight world champion to win the title on a disqualification, and to this day remains the only one to have won it that way.

In 1931, he made a defense, knocking out Young Stribling in 15 rounds at Cleveland, and in 1932, he and Sharkey had a rematch. After 15 rounds, Sharkey was declared the winner on points (a very controversial split-decision), and Schmeling lost his title. This decision led to Joe Jacobs, his manager (see below), shouting in protest a line that since has become famous: "We was robbed!"

Despite efforts to make a third fight happen, the rubber match between Schmeling and Sharkey never took place.

Two months after he lost the title Max Schmeling knocked out Mickey Walker, showing that he was still the world's best heavyweight. That changed in June 1933 when he lost by T.K.O. against later champion Max Baer.

Joe Louis

In 1936, the situation in Germany had changed. Schmeling came over to New York to face the up-and-coming African American boxer Joe Louis, who was undefeated and considered unbeatable. Upon his arrival, Schmeling claimed that he had found a flaw in Louis' style, observing the way in which he dropped his guard after throwing a punch. He surprised the boxing world by handing Louis his first defeat, dropping him in round four and knocking him out in the twelfth. Schmeling returned to Germany on the Hindenburg as a hero.

Louis and his mainly black supporters were devastated by the defeat. Schmeling, himself, was also affected; when Louis finally won the world Heavyweight crown in 1937, he said he would not consider himself a champion until he beat Schmeling in a rematch.

The rematch came, at Yankee Stadium, on June 22, 1938, with Louis defending his crown. By then, a second world war was clearly looming on the horizon, and the fight was viewed worldwide as symbolic battle for superiority between two likely adversaries. In American pre-fight publicity, Schmeling was cast as the Nazi warrior, while Louis was portrayed as a defender of American ideals.

With Hitler's power base widening in Europe, the Louis-Schmeling rematch became more than just a heavyweight title fight. It took on political ramifications as Louis was cast in the role of representing America with Schmeling being projected as the symbol of Nazi Germany. The rematch didn't last long, as Louis scored a devastating first-round knockout.

The fight was broadcast by radio all over the United States and Europe (in 2005 it was selected for permanent preservation in the National Recording Registry at the Library of Congress). Some accounts claim that after Louis dropped Schmeling for the first time in the first round, Joseph Goebbels ordered that the broadcast of the fight to Germany be cut off, so Germans wouldn't find out what happened until later on. However, German sports writer with the Associated Press, Roy Kammerer, based in Berlin, wrote in 2005: "The fight was a huge event worldwide and left a lasting impression on his era of Germans, who followed blow-by-blow on radio." Kammerers account is supported by a 1988 letter to the Sports Editor of the New York Times.

When Louis retained his title, Hitler took Schmeling's defeat as an embarrassment to his country. While he was never a supporter of the Nazi regime in Germany, Schmeling cooperated with the government's efforts to play down the increasingly negative international worldview of its domestic policies during the 1930s. He helped his friend Joe Louis financially later in life and remains a sporting legend in Germany today.

Debatable "Nazi" label

Schmeling was branded as a "Nazi" by many boxing fans, but this is debatable. In reality, Schmeling became quite unpopular among the Nazis after the embarrassing loss to the black man, and was not used anymore in Nazi propaganda, which was a relief to him. In 1928, he hired Joe Jacobs, a Jew, to be his manager. He would point to this fact for the rest of his life in defending himself against charges of Nazi sympathy.

In 1938, during the Kristallnacht, Schmeling hid two teenage sons of a Jewish friend in his Berlin hotel room, protecting them from the SS and Gestapo at great risk to himself. The two boys, Henry and Werner Lewin, were eventually smuggled out of Germany with Schmeling's help.

One year after that defeat against Louis, Max Schmeling came back winning the European Heavyweight Title.

When World War II broke out in 1939, Schmeling was drafted into the German Wehrmacht and served as a paratrooper. Following its end he was interned briefly, still recovering from injuries sustained in the war. Afterwards, he frequently visited American troops, giving away signed photos and taking pictures with the American soldiers.

Business and retirement

The early postwar years were financially difficult for Schmeling. A former New York boxing commissioner who had become a Coca-Cola executive offered him the postwar soft drink franchise in Germany, and he became a successful businessman and one of Germany's most respected philanthropists. At his death, he was still one of the owners of Coca-Cola's German branch.

After 1948, Schmeling had retired from boxing. He and Louis became friends following a 1954 meeting on the U.S. television program This Is Your Life. Schmeling and Louis met 12 times afterward as friends, and he helped to pay the latterly impoverished Louis' medical bills. He was one of the pallbearers at Louis's funeral in 1981. Until shortly before his death, he made several trips a year around the world to attend activities related to his boxing career. He has been the object of several books, including a biography, and in 2001, STARZ! produced a movie about him and Louis named Joe and Max.

Death

After celebrating his 99th birthday in 2004, Schmeling vowed to live on to celebrate his hundredth. However, that Christmas, he came down with a bad cold, and his health never recovered. He later slipped into a coma on January 31, 2005 and died two days later at 3:55 pm. He was buried next to his wife, the Austro-Hungarian-born Czech film actress Anny Ondra (Anna Sophie Ondráková), to whom he was married for 54 years. They had no children.

Career

• German Lightheavyweight Champion 1926 - 1928
• European Lightheavyweight Champion 1927 - 1928
• German Heavyweight Champion 1928
• World Heavyweight Champion 1930 - 1932
• European Heavyweight Champion 1939 - 1943

Legacy

• Schmeling compiled a record of 56 wins, 10 losses, and 4 draws with 40 wins by knockout.
• Inducted into the International Boxing Hall Of Fame, in 1992
• The German basketball team Alba Berlin plays in Max-Schmeling Hall
• Schmeling is an Honorary Citizen of the City of Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and his hometown, of Klein-Luckow
• Honorary Member of the Austrian Boxing Federation

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Von Der Lippe, George. Max Schmeling: An Autobiography, Bonus Books, 1998. ISBN 978-1566251082
• Cayton, Bill. Joe Louis Vs. Max Schmeling (Audio CD), Cayton Sports, 2001. ISBN 978-0970837127
• Myler, Patrick. Ring of Hate: Joe Louis Vs. Max Schmeling: The Fight of the Century, Arcade Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-1559708227
• Margolick, David. Beyond Glory: Joe Louis Vs. Max Schmeling, and a World on the Brink, Vintage, 2006. ISBN 978-0375726194

External links

• 'The Mirror and Max Schmeling,' obituary (American Spectator)
• Max Schmeling's career boxing record
• PBS biography of Max Schmeling
• The Fight of the Century NPR special on the selection of the radio broadcast to the 2005 National Recording Registry

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