Difference between revisions of "Kapalika and Kalamukha" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | ''' | + | The '''Kāpālikas''' and '''Kālāmukhas''' were small [[Tantra|Tantric]] sects scattered throughout medieval India known for their extreme practices. These groups are often connected with meat-eating, intoxication, ritual orgies, and in some cases cannibalism. Members of each group typically existed outside of the [[caste system]] and society at large, making their living as wandering mendicants, clad only in animal skins and bearing a "skull bowl" which they used to collect alms. The Kalamukhas may have also assembled in monastic orders. Although no actual texts produced by the groups are extant, the Kapalikas and Kalamukhas are mentioned in the works of many medieval Hindu thinkers, who generally condemn their practices. |
| + | ==Kapalikas== | ||
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| + | ==Kalamukhas== | ||
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| + | ==References== | ||
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| + | *Lorenzen, David. ''The Kāpālikas and Kālāmukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects''. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1972. ISBN 81-208-0708-1 | ||
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[[Category: Philosophy and religion]] | [[Category: Philosophy and religion]] | ||
[[Category: Religion]] | [[Category: Religion]] | ||
Revision as of 19:36, 27 July 2007
The Kāpālikas and Kālāmukhas were small Tantric sects scattered throughout medieval India known for their extreme practices. These groups are often connected with meat-eating, intoxication, ritual orgies, and in some cases cannibalism. Members of each group typically existed outside of the caste system and society at large, making their living as wandering mendicants, clad only in animal skins and bearing a "skull bowl" which they used to collect alms. The Kalamukhas may have also assembled in monastic orders. Although no actual texts produced by the groups are extant, the Kapalikas and Kalamukhas are mentioned in the works of many medieval Hindu thinkers, who generally condemn their practices.
Kapalikas
Kalamukhas
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Lorenzen, David. The Kāpālikas and Kālāmukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1972. ISBN 81-208-0708-1
