Jodhpur

This article is about the city in Rajasthan. For the city in Gujarat, see Jodhpur, Gujarat. For the riding breeches and boots, see Jodhpurs.

Jodhpur Rajasthan • India
Jodhpur
Coordinates: 26.28, 73.02
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	75.50 km² (29 sq mi) • 231 m (758 ft)
District(s)	Jodhpur
Population • Density • Metro	846,408 (2001) • 11,210 /km² ( /sq mi) • 951,000 (2005)
Mayor	Dr. Om Kumari Gehlot
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle	• 342001 • ++91-291 • RJ 19

Jodhpur (जोधपुर), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, also known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a popular tourist destination, featuring many beautiful palaces, forts and temples, apart from a stark, scenic desert landscape. The city is known as the Sun City for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all year. It is also referred as the Blue City, due to the indigo tinge of the whitewashed houses around the Mehrangarh Fort. The blue houses were originally for Brahmins but non-Brahmins soon joined in, as the color was said to deflect the heat and keep mosquitoes away. Jodhpur lies near the geographic center of Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a region much frequented by tourists. The old city of Jodhpur is surrounded by a thick stone wall. The wall has six huge gates called Nagauri gate, Merati gate, Sojati gate, Jalori gate, Siwanchi gate and Chand pol.

History

Flag of the princely state of Jodhpur

Jodhpur was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha, a Rajput chief belonging to the Rathore clan. Rao Jodha succeeded in conquering the surrounding territory and thus founded a state which came to be known as Marwar. As Rao Jodha hailed from the nearby town of Mandore, that town initially served as the capital of this state; however, Jodhpur soon took over that role, even during the lifetime of Rao Jodha. The city was located on the strategic road linking Delhi to Gujarat. This enabled it to profit from a flourishing trade in opium, copper, silk, sandals, date palms and coffee.

Jodhpur Panorama, spotted from the Mehrangarh Fort.

Early in its history, the state became a fief under the mughal empire, owing fealty to them while enjoying some internal autonomy. During this period, the state furnished the mughals with several notable generals such as Maharaja Jaswant Singh. Jodhpur and its people benefited from this exposure to the wider world: new styles of art and architecture made their appearance and opportunities opened up for local tradesmen to make their mark across northern India.

Aurangzeb briefly sequesterated the state (c.1679) on the pretext of a minority, but the rightful ruler was restored to the throne after Aurangzeb died in 1707. The mughal empire declined gradually after 1707, but the Jodhpur court was beset by intrigue; rather than benefitting from circumstances, Marwar descended into strife and invited the intervention of the Marathas, who soon supplanted the mughals as overlords of the region. This however did not make for stability or peace; 50 years of ruinous wars and humiliating treaties dissipated the wealth of the state, which sought and gratefully entered into subsidiary alliance with the British in 1818.

File:JODHPUR 1960.jpg

View of the Rajasthan High Court, Sardar museum in Umaid Park and upper right is Jodhpur fort in 1960.

During the British Raj, the state of Jodhpur was the largest in Rajputana, if size be reckoned by land area. Jodhpur prospered under the peace and stability that were a hallmark of this era. Its merchants, the Marwaris, flourished without let or limit and came to occupy a position of dominance in trade across India. In 1947, when India became independent, the state merged unto the union of India and Jodhpur became the second city of Rajasthan.

Geography

Jodhpur is located at 26.29° N 73.03° E. It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet).

Economy

File:2644438-lg.jpg

Chili crop outside Jodhpur

The Handicrafts industry has in recent years eclipsed all other industries in the city.

By some estimates, the furniture export segment is a $200 million industry, directly or indirectly employing as many as 200,000 people.

Other items manufactured include textiles, metal utensils, bicycles, ink and sporting goods.

A flourishing cottage industry exists for the manufacture of such items as glass bangles, cutlery, carpets and marble products.

After handicrafts, tourism is the second largest industry of Jodhpur.

Crops grown in the district include wheat and the famous Mathania red chillies.

Gypsum and salt are mined.

The city serves as an important marketplace for wool and agricultural products.

The Indian Air Force, Indian Army and Border Security Force maintain training centers at Jodhpur.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Jodhpur had a population of 846,408. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jodhpur has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 58%. In Jodhpur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Education

• Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur
• National Law University, Jodhpur
• Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur
• MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur

Historical and Cultural Sites

File:Mehrangarh Fort & Jaswant Thada, Jodhpur, Jan., 2004.jpg

Mehrangarh Fort & Jaswant Thada

File:Bird eye view of Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhpur.JPG

Bird's eye view of Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhpur

A number of historical monuments dot the city and surrounding region. Some of these monuments are described here.

Umaid Bhawan Palace:The Umaid Bhawan Palace is not only one of India's most imposing palaces but also among its most recent. This lavish art deco monument to royal living had an improbable conception: it was built as a public relief and employment project during a long period of drought. Over one million square feet (90,000 m²) of the finest marble was used in the construction of the palace. A special type of sandstone, called Chittar sandstone, has been used in constructing the palace and this gives it a special effect. For this reason, it is also referred to as Chittar Palace by the locals. Its style of construction, with beautiful balconies, charming courtyards, green gardens and stately rooms, makes it a fine example of Indo-Saracenic architecture. The project employed three thousand artisans over a period of 15 years (1929-1943). The palace is named after its builder, Maharaja Umaid Singh (1876-1947), who was incidentally the president of the British Royal Institute of Architects. In 1977, the palace was segmented into the royal residence, the Heritage Hotel and a museum. Its 98 air-conditioned rooms are elegantly decorated with antique furniture as well as all the other amenities of a five star hotel.

Osiyan Temple

Mehrangarh Fort: The Mehrangarh Fort lies at the outskirts of Jodhpur city and is located atop a 125 m high hill. The magnificent Mehrangarh Fort (Jodhpur ka kila) is the most majestic and one of the largest forts in India. It was originally started (c.1459) by Rao Jodha, founder of Jodhpur. However, most of the extant fort dates from the period of Jaswant Singh (1638-78). The walls of the fort are up to 36 m high and 21 m wide; they enclose some exquisite structures. The fort museum houses an exquisite collection of palanquins, howdahs, royal cradles, miniatures, musical instruments, costumes and furniture. The ramparts of Mehrangarh Fort provide not only excellently preserved cannons but also a breath-taking view of the city.

Jaswant Thada: The Jaswant Thada is architectural landmark found in Jodhpur. It is a white marble memorial built in 1899 in memory of Maharaja Jaswant Singh II. The monument, in its entirety, is built out of intricately carved sheets of marble. These stones are extremely thin and polished so that they emit a warm glow when the sun's rays dance across their surface. Within this cenotaph, there are also two more tombs.

Osiyan Temple: An ancient Jain temple, well worth the visit, lies in the village of Osiyan, about 60 km outside Jodhpur. There are many sections of this temple, which was built in several distinct phases.

Kaman art gallery: The Kaman art gallery is indian contemporary art gallery .It is first contemporary art gallery in rajasthan .There are see many famous indian contemporary artists painting.This gallery location near clock tower jodhpur,Old fort Road,kili khana.

Cuisine

A number of Indian delicacies have originated in Jodhpur . To name a few, the delectable Makhaniya Lassi, Mawa Kachori, Pyaaj Kachori, Hot & Spicy Mirchibada (A preparation made with potato, onion, chili and gramflour), Panchkuta, lapsi (a special kind of desert made with wheat, gud (raw sugar), and ghee), kachar mircha curry (made with chili and kachar, a special type of vegetable grown in desert area) and Kadhi (made with gramflour, curd and chili).

External links

• Bird's eye view of Jodhpur (Satellite picture)
• JODHPUR
• Rajasthan Tourism
• Official Jodhpur Website
• Photos of Jodhpur

Credits

New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

• Jodhpur  ^history

The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:

• History of "Jodhpur"

Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.