Difference between revisions of "Creationism" - New World Encyclopedia
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==Old-Earth Creationism== | ==Old-Earth Creationism== | ||
| + | Before 1800, Western scientists generally took for granted the chronological accuracy of the first chapter of Genesis, which described the creation of the universe in six days, and of biblical genealogies, which seemed to establish the creation of human beings about six thousand years ago. With the rise of modern geological science in the early nineteenth century, however, Christians began to re-interpret biblical chronology to accommodate the growing evidence that the Earth is much older than six thousand years. | ||
| − | + | There were two common ways of re-interpreting scripture. The first was the “gap” theory, according to which the original creation of the universe recorded in Genesis 1:1 was followed by an indefinitely long interval before the days described in Genesis 1:3-2:2. The second was the “era” or “day-age” theory, according to which the six days of Genesis represented six periods of indefinite duration. | |
==Young-Earth Creationism== | ==Young-Earth Creationism== | ||
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R. L. Numbers. 2006. ''The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design''. Expanded Edition. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.) ISBN 0-674-02339-0. | R. L. Numbers. 2006. ''The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design''. Expanded Edition. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.) ISBN 0-674-02339-0. | ||
| + | ===Pro-OEC Books=== | ||
| − | + | R. C. Newman and H. J. Eckelmann, Jr. 1989. ''Genesis One and the Origin of the Earth''. (Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute.) ISBN 0-944-78897-1. | |
F. Rana. 2005. ''Who Was Adam? A Creation Model Approach to the Origin of Man''. (Colorado Springs, CO: Navpress Publishing Group.) ISBN 1-576-83577-4. | F. Rana. 2005. ''Who Was Adam? A Creation Model Approach to the Origin of Man''. (Colorado Springs, CO: Navpress Publishing Group.) ISBN 1-576-83577-4. | ||
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D. W. Snoke. 2006. ''A Biblical Case for an Old Earth''. (Baker Books.) ISBN 0-801-06619-0. | D. W. Snoke. 2006. ''A Biblical Case for an Old Earth''. (Baker Books.) ISBN 0-801-06619-0. | ||
| − | |||
===Pro-YEC Books=== | ===Pro-YEC Books=== | ||
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K. P. Wise. 2002. ''Faith, Form, and Time: What the Bible Teaches and Science Confirms About Creation and the Age of the Universe.'' (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman.) ISBN 0-805-42462-1. | K. P. Wise. 2002. ''Faith, Form, and Time: What the Bible Teaches and Science Confirms About Creation and the Age of the Universe.'' (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman.) ISBN 0-805-42462-1. | ||
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===Anti-Creationist Books=== | ===Anti-Creationist Books=== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | ||
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===Pro-OEC Internet Sites=== | ===Pro-OEC Internet Sites=== | ||
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* [http://www.answersincreation.org/ Answers in Creation] | * [http://www.answersincreation.org/ Answers in Creation] | ||
* [http://www.newcreationism.org/ New Creationism] | * [http://www.newcreationism.org/ New Creationism] | ||
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===Pro-YEC Internet Sites=== | ===Pro-YEC Internet Sites=== | ||
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* [http://www.midwestcreationfellowship.org/html/ Midwest Creation Fellowship] | * [http://www.midwestcreationfellowship.org/html/ Midwest Creation Fellowship] | ||
* [http://www.grisda.org/ Geoscience Research Institute] | * [http://www.grisda.org/ Geoscience Research Institute] | ||
| − | |||
===Anti-Creationist Internet Sites=== | ===Anti-Creationist Internet Sites=== | ||
Revision as of 23:26, 30 March 2007
Creationism, in its most widely used sense, is a set of religious positions opposed to modern materialistic views of the origin of the Earth and of living things. In a different and much older sense, creationism is a theological position on the origin of the human soul. Both senses are described here.
In the first sense, creationism (not to be confused with the doctrine of creation) takes two general forms in modern controversies over cosmic and biological origins: old-Earth creationism (OEC) and young-Earth creationism (YEC). The former accepts geological evidence that the Earth is many millions of years old but holds that God created it and living things through a long process of change. The latter interprets Genesis to mean that God created the universe and the basic kinds of living things in six 24-hour days a few thousand years ago.
In the second sense, Christian theologians have debated for centuries whether the human soul is created directly by God (“creationism”) or produced by human parents (“traducianism”). The former is more consistent with the immaterial and eternal nature of the soul, while the latter makes it easier to explain the transmission of original sin.
Old-Earth Creationism
Before 1800, Western scientists generally took for granted the chronological accuracy of the first chapter of Genesis, which described the creation of the universe in six days, and of biblical genealogies, which seemed to establish the creation of human beings about six thousand years ago. With the rise of modern geological science in the early nineteenth century, however, Christians began to re-interpret biblical chronology to accommodate the growing evidence that the Earth is much older than six thousand years.
There were two common ways of re-interpreting scripture. The first was the “gap” theory, according to which the original creation of the universe recorded in Genesis 1:1 was followed by an indefinitely long interval before the days described in Genesis 1:3-2:2. The second was the “era” or “day-age” theory, according to which the six days of Genesis represented six periods of indefinite duration.
Young-Earth Creationism
Origin of the Soul
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
Select Bibliography
History Books
P. J. Bowler. 1989. Evolution: The History of an Idea. Revised Edition. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.) ISBN 0-520-06385-6.
C. C. Gillispie. 1951. Genesis and Geology. Reprinted 1996 with a foreword by N. Rupke. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.) ISBN 0-674-34481-2.
E. J. Larson. 1997. Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion. (New York: Basic Books.) ISBN 0-465-07509-6.
J. R. Moore. 1979. The Post-Darwinian Controversies: A Study of the Protestant Struggle to Come to Terms with Darwin in Great Britain and America 1870-1900. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.) ISBN 0-521-28571-8.
R. L. Numbers. 2006. The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design. Expanded Edition. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.) ISBN 0-674-02339-0.
Pro-OEC Books
R. C. Newman and H. J. Eckelmann, Jr. 1989. Genesis One and the Origin of the Earth. (Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute.) ISBN 0-944-78897-1.
F. Rana. 2005. Who Was Adam? A Creation Model Approach to the Origin of Man. (Colorado Springs, CO: Navpress Publishing Group.) ISBN 1-576-83577-4.
H. Ross. 2001. The Creator and the Cosmos: How the Latest Scientific Discoveries of the Century Reveal God. (Colorado Springs, CO: Navpress Publishing Group.) ISBN 1-576-83288-0.
H. Ross. 2006. Creation as Science: A Testable Model Approach to End the Creation/Evolution Wars. (Colorado Springs, CO: Navpress Publishing Group.) ISBN 1-576-83578-2.
D. W. Snoke. 2006. A Biblical Case for an Old Earth. (Baker Books.) ISBN 0-801-06619-0.
Pro-YEC Books
L. Brand and D. C. James. 2005. Beginnings: Are Science and Scripture Partners in the Search for Origins? (Nampa, ID: Pacific Press Publishing.) ISBN 0-816-32144-2.
D. DeYoung. 2005. Thousands... Not Billions. (Green Forest, AR: Master Books.) ISBN 0-890-51441-0.
K. Ham (editor). 2007. The New Answers Book. (Green Forest, AR: Master Books). ISBN 0-890-51509-3.
J. Perloff. 2002. The Case Against Darwin: Why the Evidence Should Be Examined. (Refuge Books.) ISBN 0-966-81601-3.
J. Sarfati. 2004. Refuting Compromise: A Biblical and Scientific Refutation of 'Progressive Creationism' (Billions of Years) as popularized by Astronomer Hugh Ross. (Green Forest, AR: Master Books.) ISBN 0-890-51411-9.
K. P. Wise. 2002. Faith, Form, and Time: What the Bible Teaches and Science Confirms About Creation and the Age of the Universe. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman.) ISBN 0-805-42462-1.
Anti-Creationist Books
B. J. Alters and S. M. Alters. 2001. Defending Evolution: A Guide to the Creation/Evolution Controversy. (Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.) ISBN 0-7637-1118-7.
N. Eldredge. 2001. The Triumph of Evolution and the Failure of Creationism. (New York: Owl Books.) ISBN 0-8050-7147-4.
M. Pigliucci. 2002. Denying Evolution: Creationism, Scientism, and the Nature of Science. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.) ISBN 0-87893-659-9.
M. Ruse. 2005. The Evolution-Creation Struggle. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.) ISBN 0-674-01687-4.
E. C. Scott. 2004. Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction. (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.) ISBN 0-520-24650-0.
External links
Pro-OEC Internet Sites
Pro-YEC Internet Sites
- Institute for Creation Research
- Answers in Genesis
- Creation Research Society
- The True.Origin Archive
- Creation Moments
- Creation Ministries International
- Midwest Creation Fellowship
- Geoscience Research Institute
