Biman Bangladesh Airlines

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Biman Bangladesh Airlines বিমান বাংলাদেশ এয়ারলাইনস
IATA BG	ICAO BBC	Callsign BANGLADESH
Founded		1972
Hubs		Zia International Airport
Secondary hubs		Shah Amanat International Airport, Osmani International Airport
Frequent flyer program		Frequent Flyer Programme
Subsidiaries		Biman Flight Catering Centre Biman Poultry Complex Biman Airlines Training Center
Fleet size		11 (plus 15 orders and 10 options/rights)
Destinations		23
Company slogan		Your home in the air
Headquarters		Dhaka, Bangladesh
Key people		Dr. Abdul Momen (CEO & MD), Mahbub Jamil (Chairman)

Biman Bangladesh Airlines (Bangla:বিমান বাংলাদেশ এয়ারলাইনস) designates the National Flag Carrier of Bangladesh, with its main hub at Zia International Airport in Dhaka. It also operates flights from Shah Amanat International Airport in Chittagong and earns significant revenue from the connecting service to Osmani International Airport in Sylhet. Currently it provides passenger and cargo service in different international routes in Asia and Europe along with major domestic routes. It has Air Service Agreements with forty two countries; but maintains flights to only eighteen at present. Until July 2007 the Government of Bangladesh wholly owned and managed the airline. On 23 July 2007, the then Caretaker government of Bangladesh transformed it into Bangladesh's largest Public Limited Company.

Created in February 1972 with some old vintage aircrafts, Biman enjoyed an internal monopoly in Bangladesh aviation industry until 1996. During next three decades, the airlines expanded its fleet and horizon (at it’s peak Biman operated service to twenty nine international destinations with New York – JFK in the west and Tokyo – Narita in the east) but suffered heavily due to mass corruption and frequent mishaps. An aging fleet constituted the major reason behind the airline's huge financial loss and bad reputation for poor service and regular flight cancellations and delays. The aviation authority of the US and EU countries banned some of its long-haul aircrafts for safety violations. Annual Hajj flights, transporting non-resident Bangladesh workers/migrants as well as Biman's subsidiaries, form an important part of the carrier's business. Biman has a two star ranking out of five by Skytrax, a United Kingdom based consultancy. Currently the carrier faces stiff competition from a number of local private airlines as well as some international carriers. They have been targeting Bangladesh's market which has been experiencing an 8 percent growth per annum due to large number of non-resident Bangladeshi travelers.

After becoming a public limited company, Biman has trimmed the number of staff and turned its attention to modernizing the fleet. Biman struck a deal with United States aircraft manufacturer Boeing for procurement of ten new generation aircrafts along with option to purchase ten more. The carrier has been in negotiations to lease aircraft for destinations in Asia, Europe and North America.

History

Boeing 707 at London Stansted in 1979

Biman Bangladesh Airlines, came into existence on 4 January 1972 as Bangladesh's national airline under the Bangladesh Biman Ordinance (Presidential Order No. 126). 2,500 former employees, including ten Boeing 707 commanders and seven other pilots of Pakistan International Airlines, who submitted a proposal to the government on 31 December 1971 following the independence of Bangladesh, took the initiative to launch the national flag carrier. Initially called Air Bangladesh International, the airline soon became Biman Bangladesh Airlines.

Biman, a Bengali word meaning airplane, originates from the Sanskrit word vimana, a name given to a flying machine mentioned in ancient Vedic literature. The logo, painted on the tail, has a stylized white stork (Balaka in Bengali) inside a red circle. The initial livery had been a dark blue line extending across the aircraft along the windows and covering the tail section. Replaced in the 1980s by dark green and red lines, matching the colors of the Bangladesh flag, the current logo has remained in place for over two decades. The Balaka has also given its name to the Biman headquarters, the Balaka Bhaban (Balaka Building), and a landmark sculpture in Dhaka depicting storks adorns the front of Biman's former headquarters.

File:Bangladesh Airlines.jpg

Biman at Zia International Airport, Biman F-28

On 4 February 1972, Biman started its domestic service on the Dhaka–Chittagong, Dhaka–Jessore and Dhaka–Sylhet routes with a World War II vintage Douglas Dakota and Douglas DC-3, both gifts from the Bangladesh Air Force. On 10 February 1972, Biman experienced its first accident when the Douglas DC-3 crashed near Dhaka during a flight test, killing all five crew members. The airline immediately leased a Douglas DC-6 from Troll Air, a Norwegian airline, to keep the domestic service running. On 4 March 1972, Biman started its international operations with a once-a-week flight to London using a Boeing 707 chartered from British Caledonian. A Fokker F27 from Indiasupplemented the short haul fleet on 3 March 1972, inaugurating a daily flight between Kolkata (Calcutta) and Dhaka on 28 April 1972. Three additional Fokker F27s joined the fleet during March and September of the same year bringing the number of Fokker F27 aircraft to four. In the first year of operation, Biman operated 1,079 flights carrying just over 380,000 passengers.

Four additional Fokker F27s, purchased from Australia and the Netherlands, joined the fleet in 1973 enabling Biman to double the frequency of the Kolkata flight to a twice daily service. A Boeing 707 joined the fleet in September and the flight to London became twice weekly, while a Chittagong-Kolkata flight also began operating at the same time. In 1974 operations extended to Kathmandu (February), Bangkok (November) and Dubai (December). In 1976, Biman sold two of its Fokker F27s and bought another Boeing 707 to extend international services to Abu Dhabi, Karachi and Mumbai. Biman added Singapore to its list of international destinations, after purchasing a third Boeing 707 in February 1977. Jeddah, Doha and Amsterdam followed the next year which also saw the purchase of its fourth Boeing 707, from the United States. In 1977, Biman became a public sector corporation governed by a board of directors appointed by the government. The airline broke-even for the first time in 1977–78, and made a profit the following year. International destinations expanded to include Kuala Lampur, Athens, Muscat and Tripoli in 1979, followed by Yangon, Tokyo and Dhahran in 1980.

Airbus A310-300 landing

In 1983, three Douglas DC-10s joined the fleet and the airline started to phase out the Boeing 707s. The network expanded further to include Baghdad (1983), Paris (1984) and Bahrain (1986). On 4 August 1984, Biman experienced its worst accident when a Fokker F27 flying in from Chittagong crashed near Dhaka, killing all forty nine on board including Captain Kaniz Fatema Roksana, the airline's first female pilot. The purchase of two new Airbus A310s in 1996 supplemented the long haul fleet followed by the addition of two more in 2000, from Singapore Airlines and Air Jamaica, and another in 2003.

In the 2005–06 fiscal year, Biman carried 1.15 million passengers, a growth of 70 percent from the previous decade's average. With the rise of private domestic carriers in Bangladesh, Biman's market share for domestic passengers dropped by 35% over the previous ten years' average, with only 162,000 passengers traveling on Biman in the domestic sector in the 2005–06 fiscal year. During the same period, Biman reported its biggest annual loss of over US$120 million (Tk8.3 billion), with a US$100 million (Tk6.9 billion) loss reported the following year. Biman also fell behind millions of dollars in payments to its fuel supplier, the Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation.

Management

The Bangladesh government wholly owned the airline through the Bangladesh Biman Corporation since its inception. In 1977, Biman converted into a public sector corporation which afforded Biman limited autonomy, governed by a board of directors appointed by the government. The authorized share capital increased to Tk2 billion in 1987, and Biman transformed into a public limited company, the largest in Bangladesh, in 2007.

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Biman Bangladesh Airliner

During the late 1980s, Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh served as president of Biman. After an early period of expansion and growth, Biman entered an era of nose-diving profits and slow growth, exacerbated by incompetent and corrupt management; with padding of purchases, falsified repair bills and unprofitable routes kept in operation for political reasons. Research conducted in 1996 found that Biman had 5,253 non-flying personnel, 30% more than Singapore Airlines which had almost a ten-times larger fleet. The report described Biman as "poorly managed, overstaffed, under capitalized, and subject to excessive political interference in its day-to-day management."

In the 1992–93 fiscal year, accounts under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism revealed Tk22 million in unpaid taxes. The audit carried out in 1999, also showed that travel agents owed Tk2.2 million Biman from the proceeds of ticket sales, most likely with the collusion of Biman officials. Additionally, Tk2.4 million had been overpaid as incentive commission to the sales agents in violation of Biman policies. In 2007, the caretaker government launched an anti-corruption drive which saw the arrest of Shamim Iskander, the brother of ex-prime minister Begum Khaleda Zia and a former Biman flight engineer, on multiple corruption charges. That followed shortly the forced retirement of thirty other employees and officials, some close aides of Iskander.

Privatization

Due to the growing losses, which began in the late 1990s, the government offered 40% of Biman to foreign airlines in 2004, hoping a buyer would take over the management of the carrier. However, the proposal demanded that many decision-making rights remain with the Bangladesh government, and the offer was ignored by outside airlines. A similar initiative in 1998 cost Biman US$1.6 million in consultancy fees with no positive results.

In May 2007, the caretaker government approved plans to turn Biman into a Public Limited Company with shareholdings split between seven public sector organisations. As a part of the restructuring, the government put in place a Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) to reduce the man-equipment ratio (MER) of 367:1 (ratio of manpower to aircraft). The industry average at the time was 200:1, with other Asian airlines operating with MERs of around 150:1. The VRS provided compensation based on length of service, at a cost to the government of over US$40 million. While Biman management had expected to reduce its workforce by 1,600 personnel, 2,162 applications for VRS were received, many from employees who expected to be dismissed with little or no severance if the quota was not achieved. Biman accepted 1,877 applications and affirmed that key personnel would not be allowed to leave the organisation via VRS.

On 23 July 2007, Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd became the largest Public Limited Company in Bangladesh. Earlier suggestions that the airline should be renamed Bangladesh Airlines Ltd were rejected. The government is the sole shareholder of the 1.5 billion shares but intends to offer 49% to the private sector while retaining majority ownership. The previous Managing Director, Dr. Abdul Momen, was appointed the CEO as well as MD in the new organisation. The six board of directors have been appointed from the ministries of energy, commerce, finance, civil aviation, foreign affairs and the cabinet division with the cabinet secretary taking on the role as Chairman. The six secretaries and a joint secretary to the civil aviation ministry have been made the seven shareholders of the new PLC."Biman starts journey as public limited company", The Daily Star, 2007-08-01. Retrieved 2008-07-02.</ref>

Following the privatisation, an initiative was launched by ex-Biman employees, who left the organisation via the VRS, to setup a competing airline. Names proposed for the airline included Air Bangla International, Biman Employees Airlines and Balaka. They were joined by previous managing directors of Biman, along with the former president of the Bangladesh Airline Pilots' Association.

Biman is notable for poor customer service and disruptions to its flight schedule which is reflected in its Star ranking from Skytrax,Biman Star Ranking. Skytrax. Retrieved 2008-07-02.</ref> a United Kingdom-based consultancy whose research is used by the UK government in formulating air transport policy. The 2 star ranking (out of 5) is indicative of the poor standard of service provided by the airline which falls below the industry average. In 2007, Biman faced strong criticism from major international airports including Heahthrow and Dubai International Airport for its failure to maintain flight schedules. Heathrow Airport operator BAA, wrote to Biman providing evidence which showed Biman had not achieved the minimum 80% usage of its allocated landing slots at Heathrow, as required by EU and IATA regulations, during summer 2007. Biman should therefore not expect slot allocations at Heathrow for summer 2008 and should look to Stansted or Gatwick airports if it wished to continue serving London. However, following discussions with BAA, Biman obtained landing slots for the summer 2008 period on condition that it achieved 80% usage.

A two-class service (J & Y) is operated on its wide-body airliners and a single class service on the smaller aircraft.Biman Bangladesh Fleet Facts. Biman Bangladesh Airlines. Retrieved 2008-07-02.</ref> The Maslin Executive Class cabin on its Airbus A310s is setup in a 2-3-2 configuration while the setup on the Douglas DC-10-30s is a more roomy 2-2-2 configuration. The economy class cabins are setup in a typical 2-5-2 configuration.

English and Bengali language newspapers are available on board the aircraft along with Biman's in-flight magazine, Digonto (Horizon) which is published quarterly. It covers a range of topics with emphasis on tourist destinations in Bangladesh and other places reachable by Biman. While the majority of the content is in English, for an international audience, some features are available in other languages including Bengali.

In-flight entertainment aboard Biman aircraft is rated "very poor" by Skytrax. The Douglas DC-10-30s are equipped with a projector in each cabin while the Airbus A310s have monitors that drop down from the ceiling below the luggage racks in the center of the aircraft. While other airlines using modern aircraft are able to provide more personal in-flight experiences via seat back LCD screens, Biman's ageing fleet has maintained the standard equipment available when the planes were manufactured.

Biman operates a frequent flyer programme which awards customers with a free round trip flight on production of ticket stubs for ten round trip journeys on Biman. The free ticket is for the route which has been flown the most out of the ten. Journeys on local routes are excluded from the offer.

An agreement was signed with Amadeus in 2007 to upgrade Biman's ticketing system with an e-ticketing solution in order to comply with International Air Transport Association rules, which set out a deadline of 31 December 2007 for all member airlines to switch over their ticketing systems. E-ticketing has enabled major airlines, such as British Airways, to provide online check-in facilities reducing the need to queue-up at check-in counters. However, Biman has not indicated the adoption of e-ticketing would provide customers with an improved service apart from reducing its own costs and allowing it to meet increasing demand. In 2005, Biman had briefly stopped using the Amadeus ticketing system when the government suspended the operation of a local Amadeus subsidiary following a court order, after allegations of money laundering. However, the suspension, lasting only a month, was lifted after the writ was appealed in the High Court.

Biman Cargo

Biman also operates a cargo service using the cargo holds of its passenger aircraft to ship freight to international destinations. It has established a Cargo Village at Zia International Airport where the cargo is packaged and labelled before being loaded onto its aircraft.

While the air cargo industry in Bangladesh grew by 16.5% in the fiscal year 2003–04, Biman's cargo operations remained stagnant when private operators such as Bismillah Airlines, Best Aviation and Air Bangladesh produced a 108% growth from the previous year. The private operators increased their share of the cargo market by 10.6% and were responsible for handling 24% of the total 99,000 tons of cargo at the expense of both Biman and foreign airlines which saw a reduction in their shares by 4.6% and 6% respectively. Foreign airlines handled 47% of the total cargo with Biman taking on the remaining 29%.

As with its passenger service and management, corruption has also been rife at Biman Cargo. An investigation in 2004 uncovered irregularities in a number of Biman's Middle East operations which deprived the government of millions of dollars in revenue. Biman officials in Dubai were found to have been "extending special privileges" to the main freight handler in exchange for bribes. Smuggling of foreign currency and gold bars is reported to have taken place at the Biman Cargo Village by Biman and Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) employees. A number of arrests have been made but the perpetrators evade punishment through lack of evidence and pressure from the CAAB union.

Destinations

Biman has air services agreements with 42 countries but operates its routes to 18, leaving room for expansion for which it lacks aircraft. The airline operates flights to several destinations in the Middle East, some destinations in South and South East Asia and only two destinations in Europe – Rome and London. Foreign airlines are encroaching on Biman's routes, particularly the lucrative London–Dhaka route which traditionally only Biman and British Airways have operated direct flights on. In 2005, Air India commenced a route which permitted flights between London and Dhaka without requiring a transit flight which has occupied the space freed up by Biman when it reduced London–Dhaka flights. New airlines are also hoping to cash in on Biman's shortfall: Air Sylhet and Royal Bengal Airlines are two such airlines launched by expatriate British-Bangladeshis hoping to provide direct flights between London and Dhaka.

New York and Manchester

From 1993 to 2006, Biman operated flights to John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York from Dhaka via Brussels. New York was Biman's farthest and most prestigious destination and was kept running despite heavy financial losses on each flight in order to maintain a landing slot in the US which, if cancelled, could be difficult to regain.

To curb the losses, Biman reduced the service to one flight per week and re-routed it through Manchester Airport in England, capitalising on travel demands from the expatriate Bangladeshi community in the north of England. On 8 April 2006, Biman's inaugural flight to Manchester landed at Manchester Airport en-route to JFK. However, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had placed the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) into Category 2 (does not meet International Civil Aviation Organization standards) according to its International Aviation Safety Assessment Program, which placed additional restrictions on the country's airlines when flying to the US. A former CAAB assistant director made scathing remarks about the CAAB in an opinion article in the Aviatour, a monthly travel and tourism supplement of Bangladeshi news magazine Weekly Holiday. For Biman, this meant that it could continue flying to the US, but could not expand or make changes to its routes such as changing the transit from Brussels to Manchester. The FAA fined Biman for breaching its rules, and flights to New York were again re-routed through Brussels.

McDonnell Douglas DC-10 landing

Previously, the FAA had warned Biman to replace its ageing DC-10s by December 2005. According to experts, these aircraft did not have the necessary equipment for safely crossing the Atlantic, despite the fact that United States-based Northwest Airlines operated DC-10 aircraft across the Atlantic until 2006 without any problems. On 13 May 2006, the FAA refused permission for Biman flight BG011 (DAC-DXB-BRU-JFK) to enter its airspace, citing safety concerns over the ailing DC-10 aircraft being used on the route. The flight was diverted to Montreal Airport in Canada where the passengers were provided with alternative airline options to complete their journey. Canadian authorities inspected the aircraft and gave it a clean bill of health after which the aircraft returned to Dhaka without any passengers. The FAA eventually admitted it was mistaken and apologised for the error.

The incident put an end to the route, which had been losing US$80,000 per flight due to its use of obsolete DC-10s. Biman decided to axe the route along with a number of other regional and domestic routes to curb the huge losses being incurred each month. However, in October 2007, Biman was directed by the caretaker government to resume flights to New York. Biman confirmed that it will reintroduce flights by the deadline of 24 March 2008 following which it would permanently lose the right to operate flights on the route.

Hajj flights

The annual Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah for the Hajj is undertaken by thousands of Bangladesh's predominantly Muslim population. Biman has been the sole Bangladeshi airline permitted by the government to provide flights for pilgrims. Every year, the commencement of these flights is inaugurated by high ranking government officials including, at times, the Prime Minister.

In 2002, the government opened the service to private operator Air Bangladesh. The initial private flights were plagued with delays, with both outgoing and return flights postponed for as long as nine days, which caused the Bangladesh government to return the Hajj flights monopoly to Biman.

Biman's handling of Hajj flights has been beset with troubles. In 2005, the State Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism resigned after complaints that he set fares too high. In 2006, Biman took the unprecedented step of removing the business-class seats from its dedicated Hajj flights to accommodate more economy-class passengers. Procedural irregularities by the Hajj agencies delayed the confirmation of pilgrims' visas, and Biman had to cancel 19 flights due to lack of sufficient passengers. Once the situation was resolved, Biman was then unable to offer the required number of flights to cope with the backlog of passengers.

In June 2007, the caretaker government approved a three-year Hajj policy aiming to alleviate the problems encountered during the previous two years. Hajj flights would begin leaving from Bangladesh's two other international airports, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport. Biman put out a tender for the wet lease of two aircraft for additional Hajj flights and reached an agreement with Phuket Air. However, the deal fell through in August 2007 after Phuket Air demanded advance payment of 30% instead of the previously agreed 10%. Ausban Aeronautical Services of Australia was selected next, following a re-tender, to fill the gap left by Phuket Air.

Fleet

Biman started operations with a gift from the Bangladesh Air Force of a vintage Douglas Dakota and Douglas DC-3 which had seen service in World War II. Domestic operations commenced with the acquisition of four Fokker F27 aircraft flying passengers to Chittagong and Sylhet from its base in Dhaka. Shortly afterwards, a Boeing 707, chartered from British Caledonian, joined the airline's fleet, allowing Biman to begin international flights. In 1983, Biman purchased three Douglas DC-10 aircraft from Singapore Airlines to provide services on its long haul routes.

For over two decades, the DC-10-30s were Biman's sole widebody airliner and served it well with no notable mechanical problems, a marked contrast to its domestic operations, operated with Fokker F28 and BAe ATPs, which were routinely out of service due to various problems. In one incident, a government minister deboarded a flight and travelled by road when he learned that the aircraft was a BAe ATP. In January 2003, Biman leased two Boeing 737-300s which were used on domestic and regional routes for one and a half years. These acted as a replacement for the BAe ATPs.

During the mid 90s, Biman switched its airliner of choice for long-haul routes to the Airbus series of aircraft. Two new Airbus A310s joined Biman's fleet in 1996 followed by one more in 2000. It has nevertheless maintained its ailing DC-10 fleet which has been banned by several countries (notably the US and the EU member states) for safety concerns. The airline maintains its own ancillary and maintenance facilities at Zia International Airport, where it carries out all maintenance work on F28s, and C-Checks on DC-10–30s and A310–300s.

Modernisation

Douglas DC-10s and Airbus A310s make up most of Biman's international fleet. Fokker F28s make up the remainder of the fleet for the domestic and regional sectors. Biman's fleet contains the second to last Douglas DC-10 to come off the production line (l/n 445), and only three other Airbus A310s were produced following Biman's purchase of two new Airbus A310s in 1996. Biman's most recent additions to its fleet are two Fokker F28-4000s acquired from PBair in 2004 at a cost of US$2.91 million. Both of these aircraft were built in 1977, making Biman's latest acquisitions the oldest aircraft in its fleet.

The ageing fleet has made it difficult for Biman to maintain flight schedules as the aircraft suffer from mechanical problems, leading to flight delays and cancellations. A number of aircraft have remained grounded due to lack of parts as they are no longer manufactured and used parts are difficult to source.

In 2000, Biman put out an RFP for the acquisition of four wide-bodied aircraft to replace the DC-10s, but both the fleet renewal plans and the airline's expected privatisation were shelved by the government. A further attempt was made in 2005 to acquire new aircraft and plans were submitted for the purchase of ten new wide-bodied Airbus and Boeing aircraft at a total cost of US$1 billion. Boeing arranged to finance the purchase provided a guarantee was given by the Bangladesh government. After bureaucratic delays and a perceived lack of commitment from the government, it lost interest and the plans were cancelled. A similar attempt to purchase medium aircraft for domestic service was also postponed.

In March 2007, Biman put out a tender for the dry lease of two Airbus A310-300 and two Airbus A300-600 aircraft for two years. The sole response to the tender came from Star Aviation of the United Arab Emirates.

After Biman became a public limited company, fresh moves have been made to procure new generation aircraft to replace its aging fleet. In November 2007, Boeing made an offer to supply Biman four Boeing 777-200 (with option for two additional) to be delivered by 2013 and 4 Boeing 787-8 dreamliner (with option for two additional) to be delivered by 2017 and provide similar aircraft in lease for the interim period starting from 2009. Average price of these aircraft was quoted as USD 165 million. Airbus also made an offer to supply 4 Airbus A320 or Airbus A330 series aircraft at a much lower price than that of Boeing. To manage the fleet in the short run, Biman again floated a tender in January 2008 to purchase/dry lease with option to purchase 2 used Airbus A310-300 aircraft.

Finally, on March 10, 2008 Biman Management unveiled its plan to procure 8 new generation wide-bodied aircraft from US aircraft manufacturer Boeing for a total cost of USD 1.265 billion. The 8 aircraft includes 4 Boeing 777-300ER with average price of USD 182.9 million per unit to be delivered in 2013 (in the months of July, August, October and December) and 4 yet to be launced Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner with average price of USD 133.31 million per unit to join Biman's fleet in 2017 (in July, August, October and November). The Boeing 777-300ER will have seating capacity of 463 while the Dreamliners will have seating capacity of 294 passengers. A Memorandum of Understanding to be signed with Boeing by March 15, 2008 with Biman paying USD 1.54 million as booking money and the final agreement to be completed by April 15, 2008. Out of the remaining cost, US-based EXIM Bank will finance 85% while a syndication of local bank will finance the rest as per the plan. For the interim period, Boeing will arrange lease of 4 Boeing 777 aircraft to Biman with 2 to be delivered in 2009 while the rest 2 to be delivered by 2010. As part of modenizing the complete fleet, Biman is now considering an offer from European giant Airbus, who wants to supply Biman with Short to Medium haul aircraft. As per Reuters report, Airbus is going to make a presentation to Biman Management by March 2008 in this regard.

This long-awaited declaration came at the time when Biman is strugling hard to maintain its already-reduced international flight schedule with its aging fleet that frequently remain grounded with technical difficulties. Biman have cut seven international destinations mostly in Europe and Far East along with its prestigious New York route due to shortage of new generation fuel-efficient long-haul aircraft, which makes these operations unprofitable. The John F. Kennedy International Airport authority of New York has already agreed to extend its landing permit to Biman till October 2008 and Biman management is trying to lease some additional aircraft in the interim period to handle the aircraft crisis. Biman has already leased (on ACMI basis) a 542 seater Boeing 747-200 from Kabo Air of Nigeria for 6 months to operate flights to KSA and UAE. Another Boeing 747 is likely to join Biman's fleet.

On April 22, 2008 Biman announced the signing of a firm order with Boeing. The four 777-300ER aircraft will be delivered by 2013 and the four Dreamliners between 2019 and 2020. Biman at the same time announced a deal to acquire 2 737-800s for delivery by 2015.

Current fleet

As of March 16, 2008, the fleet consists of 11 aircraft, including one aircraft leased from Kabo Air of Nigeria for 6 months, of which seven or eight are air-worthy. Biman also have confirmed orders or 8 aircrafts from Boeing along with 8 purchase rights and 2 more orders (plus 2 options) in MOU stage.

Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fleet

Aircraft	Current	Orders	Options/Rights	Passengers (Business/Economy)	Routes	Notes
Airbus A310-300	3			221 (25/196)	International
Boeing 747-200	1	1		542 (16/526)	International	Leased from Kabo Air, another to be added on lease from Orient Thai Airlines
Fokker F28 Mk4000	3			80 (-/80)	Domestic	Exit from service: 2015
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30	4			274 (30/244)	International	Exit from service: 2012-2015
Boeing 777-300ER		4			International	Will be added on lease in 2009-10
Boeing 777-300ER		4	4	463	International	Entry into service: 2013
Boeing 737-800		2	2	144 (8/136)	Domestic/Regional	Entry into service: 2015
Boeing 787-8		4	4	294	International	Entry into service: 2019

Subsidiaries

Biman has non-aviation enterprises, one of which is the Biman Flight Catering Centre (BFCC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Biman Bangladesh Airlines which was set up in 1989. The BFCC provides Biman's in-flight meals and is one of Biman's profitable operations, supplying food to British Airways, Qatar Airways, Dragonair, Uzbekistan Airways and Iran Air, along with casual orders from other airlines operating in Bangladesh. The BFCC consumes 90% of the eggs and chicken from the Biman Poultry Complex, another profit-making subsidiary of Biman formed in 1976 and put into operation in November 1980 to rear poultry at farms in Dhaka. Bird flu was detected at one of the farms in March 2007, and many of the birds were culled. This was the first incident of bird flu in Bangladesh.

Incidents and accidents

• 10 February 1972: The first accident occurred less than a month after starting operations. All five crew members were killed when the Douglas DC-3 crashed near Dhaka during a test flight.
• 18 November 1979: A Fokker F27 being used for flight training landed in a field near Savar Bazar after the engines caught fire and cut out following a stall test at 8,000 feet (2,400 m). The aircraft was written off.
• 3 April 1980: A Boeing 707 taking off for a scheduled international flight from Singapore (QPG-DAC) lost power just after the landing gear retracted. The aircraft had reached an altitude of about 100 feet (30 m) and fell back to the runway. All four engines had apparently flamed out, although it was also deemed possible that the takeoff was aborted too late. The aircraft was written off.
• 4 August 1984: A flight from the port city of Chittagong (CGP-DAC) crashed near Dhaka, killing all 49 people on board. Captain Kaniz Fatema Roksana, the airline's first female pilot, made two attempts to land in reduced visibility but could not find the runway. On the third attempt the Fokker F-27 crashed in swamps 1,640 feet (500 m) short of the runway.
• 22 December 1997: Flight BG609 (DAC-ZYL) made a belly landing on paddy fields three km short of Osmani International Airport in heavy fog. Seventeen of the 89 people on board were injured. The Fokker F28 was written off.
• 11 January 2000: The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) of India issued a circular to warn Bangladeshi authorities of a possible hijack attempt on a Bangladeshi aircraft. Eleven passengers carrying Iranian passports boarding a flight from Kolkata to Dhaka were detained by police in Kolkata on suspicion of the hijack attempt, but were released a few hours later with a hunt ensuing for eight unidentified Afghan nationals.
• 8 October 2004: Flight BG601 (DAC-ZYL) landed far down the 9,000 feet (2,700 m) runway at Osmani International Airport in heavy rain and overshot the end by 150 feet (46 m), coming to rest in a ditch 15 feet (4.6 m) deep. The Fokker F28's forward fuselage was heavily damaged and the plane was written off. All 79 passengers (including a number of VIPs from the Bangladesh government) escaped with minor injuries except the captain, Shahana Begum, who broke an arm. The body of the damaged plane was sold by Biman Tk 11 lakh to Western Grill Air Corporation, which converted it into a restaurant sited at Ashulia, Dhaka. The restaurant was opened by the Bangladesh national cricket team and earned its owner, an expatriate Bangladeshi from the United Kingdom, a meeting with former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The restaurant was also visited by the British High Commissioner to Bangladesh and the Chief of Staff of the Bangladesh Air Force.
• 1 July 2005: Flight BG048 (DXB-CGP-DAC) skidded off runway 23 onto the grass at Shah Amanat International Airport while landing during heavy rain. The right-hand undercarriage of the Douglas DC-10-30 caught fire. Ten passengers were injured while exiting the aircraft. An enquiry found no faults with the aircraft and put the blame for the accident on the inefficiency of the pilot, whose employment was later terminated.
• 26 September 2005: 5,500 staff and 150 pilots at Biman went on strike, shutting down the largest international airport in Bangladesh, when the president of the Bangladesh Airlines Pilots Association was served a retirement notice. The strike, lasting 9 hours, stranded more than 1,000 passengers at Zia International Airport, which is also maintained by Biman.
• 12 March 2007: Flight BG006 (LHR-DXB-DAC) . The nose gear of the Airbus A310-300 (registration # S2-ADE), carrying 236 passengers and crew, collapsed while accelerating down the runway. Fourteen people suffered minor injuries in the accident at Dubai International Airport. The aircraft came to rest at the end of the runway and was evacuated, but crippled the only active runway and forced the airport to close for eight hours while authorities inspected the runway. The aircraft was written off by insurers who paid Biman US$22 million.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Siddiqi, Hafiz G. A. 1983. The performance of the nationalised industries: case of the U.K. Airlines and Biman-Bangladesh Airlines. [Dhaka]: Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka. OCLC 12095346
• Woodward-Clyde Consultants, and United States. 1985. Civil airlines/air services in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. [Wayne, N.J.]: Woodward-Clyde Consultants. OCLC 12960371.
• Vandyk, Anthony. 1989. Bangladesh Biman: The United Nations at Work. Air Transport World. 26, no. 12. OCLC 20647447

External links

• Aviation Safety Network: Biman Bangladesh Airlines. Retrieved July 3, 2008.
• AirDisaster: Photos of F-28 2004 accident. Retrieved July 3, 2008.
• Biman catering and in-flight meal reviews (with pictures). Retrieved July 3, 2008.
• Interview With Dr MA Momen following Biman's conversion to PLC (in Bengali). Retrieved July 3, 2008.
• Photograph of the Boeing 747 leased from Kabo Air. Retrieved July 3, 2008.

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