Difference between revisions of "Beatrix of the Netherlands" - New World Encyclopedia
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | '''Beatrix''' (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard; born January 31 1938) has been the [[Queen regnant]] of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] since April 30 1980, when her mother, [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]], [[abdication|abdicated]] in her favor, as her mother, Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] had abdicated in Juliana's favor. Wilhelmina's mother, Queen Emma, had acted as regent during her cildhood. The Netherlands had female heads of state for the whole of the twentieth century, beginning with Wilhelmina and ending with Beautrix. Beatrix, however, has a male heir, the crown prince Willem-Alexander. | + | '''Beatrix''' (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard; born January 31 1938) has been the [[Queen regnant]] of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] since April 30 1980, when her mother, [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]], [[abdication|abdicated]] in her favor, as her mother, Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] had abdicated in Juliana's favor. Wilhelmina's mother, Queen Emma, had acted as regent during her cildhood. The Netherlands had female heads of state for the whole of the twentieth century, beginning with Wilhelmina and ending with Beautrix. Beatrix, however, unlike her two predecessors has a male heir, the crown prince Willem-Alexander. |
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
When [[World War II]] broke out in the Netherlands in May 1940, the Dutch Royal Family fled to [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]. One month later, Beatrix went to [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]] with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] remained in London organizing the government in exile and broadcasting weekly to her people in Holland.<ref name="youth"/> The family lived at the [[Stornoway]] residence. Her second sister [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] was born in 1943.<ref name="youth"/> During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attented nursery and the primary school,<ref name="education">[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=18163 Education]. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> Rockcliffe Park Public School. | When [[World War II]] broke out in the Netherlands in May 1940, the Dutch Royal Family fled to [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]. One month later, Beatrix went to [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]] with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] remained in London organizing the government in exile and broadcasting weekly to her people in Holland.<ref name="youth"/> The family lived at the [[Stornoway]] residence. Her second sister [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands|Princess Margriet]] was born in 1943.<ref name="youth"/> During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attented nursery and the primary school,<ref name="education">[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=18163 Education]. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> Rockcliffe Park Public School. | ||
| − | The family returned to the Netherlands on 2 | + | The family returned to the Netherlands on August 2 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school ''De Werkplaats'' in [[Bilthoven]]. Her third sister [[Princess Christina of the Netherlands|Princess Christina]] was born in 1947.<ref name="youth"/> On 6 September 1948, her mother Juliana succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands, and Beatrix became the [[heir presumptive]] to the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|throne of the Netherlands]] at the age of 10. |
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
| Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
Beatrix is an honorary member of the [[Club of Rome]] and a member the [[Bilderberg Group]]. | Beatrix is an honorary member of the [[Club of Rome]] and a member the [[Bilderberg Group]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 1998, with King [[Juan Carlos of Spain]] Beatrix took part in ceremonies of reconciliation between their two nations "to bury memories of old political rivalries and religious divisions" dating back to the period when the Dutch were subject to Spanish rule, which ended in 1649.<ref "name=Hindley">Hindley, page 199.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Beatrix has a weekly audience with the Prime Minister, which he is said to regard as a "two-way consultative process." The Council of State, of which she is President, has a constitutional duty to advise the government. She understands her role as to "be consulte, to warn and to encourage."<ref "name=Hindley">Hindley, page 206-7.</ref> She is said to be diligent in reading her briefs and in scrutinizing proposed legislation. She also keeps in close contact with the leaders of local governance at city level. | ||
== Personal wealth == | == Personal wealth == | ||
| − | Popular myth had for long stated that the queens of the Netherlands were the richest women in the world. Even in the 2005 ''Forbes'' website report, the queen's family wealth was estimated at $4.7 billion. Queen Juliana however had sold the remaining royal palaces and had put the cultural assets (paintings, antiques, books, etc.) into non-personal trusts. When the inheritance of Juliana was revealed in 2004 it was a 'mere' $240 million, which the queen had to share with her co-heirs. Since 2006, the queen and her family are no longer included in the Forbes list. The personal assets of the queen include several estates, houses and a shares-portfolio. Hindley says that "nothing approaching the personal wealth" of the Queen "is possible" but it has been estimated at approximately 5 | + | Popular myth had for long stated that the queens of the Netherlands were the richest women in the world. Even in the 2005 ''Forbes'' website report, the queen's family wealth was estimated at $4.7 billion. Queen Juliana however had sold the remaining royal palaces and had put the cultural assets (paintings, antiques, books, etc.) into non-personal trusts. When the inheritance of Juliana was revealed in 2004 it was a 'mere' $240 million, which the queen had to share with her co-heirs. Since 2006, the queen and her family are no longer included in the Forbes list. The personal assets of the queen include several estates, houses and a shares-portfolio. Hindley says that "nothing approaching the personal wealth" of the Queen "is possible" but it has been estimated at approximately 5 billion US dollars.<ref "name=Hindley">Hindley, page 198.</ref> |
The royal palaces are property of the Dutch state and given in use to the reigning monarch;<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13342 Palaces and Immovable Property.] Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> however, should the monarchy be disbanded, the property would be returned to the royal family. While the House of Orange-Nassau possesses a large amount of personal belongings, items such as paintings, historical artifacts and jewellery are usually associated with the performance of royal duties and/or decoration of royal residences. As such, these items have a cultural significance beyond that of simple artworks and jewellery, and have therefore been placed in the hands of trusts: the House of Orange-Nassau Archives Trust and the House of Orange-Nassau Historic Collections Trust. Part of the collection is on permanent loan to Het Loo Palace Museum in [[Apeldoorn]] and the Rijksmuseum in [[Amsterdam]]. | The royal palaces are property of the Dutch state and given in use to the reigning monarch;<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13342 Palaces and Immovable Property.] Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> however, should the monarchy be disbanded, the property would be returned to the royal family. While the House of Orange-Nassau possesses a large amount of personal belongings, items such as paintings, historical artifacts and jewellery are usually associated with the performance of royal duties and/or decoration of royal residences. As such, these items have a cultural significance beyond that of simple artworks and jewellery, and have therefore been placed in the hands of trusts: the House of Orange-Nassau Archives Trust and the House of Orange-Nassau Historic Collections Trust. Part of the collection is on permanent loan to Het Loo Palace Museum in [[Apeldoorn]] and the Rijksmuseum in [[Amsterdam]]. | ||
| − | The regalia ([[ | + | The regalia ([[crown]], [[Globus cruciger|orb and sceptre]], [[Sword of State]], royal banner, and ermine mantle) have been placed in the Crown Property Trust. The trust also holds the items used on ceremonial occasions, such as the carriages, table silver, and dinner services. Placing these goods in the hands of a trust ensures that they will remain at the disposal of the monarch in perpetuity. |
| − | The | + | The Royal Archives house the pesonal archives of the royal family.<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13380 Royal Archives.] Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> This includes books, photographs, and artworks, as well as the books of the [[House of Orange-Nassau]] and the music library. The library was begun in 1813, following the return of the Orange-Nassaus to the Netherlands. [[William I of the Netherlands|King William I]] allowed the [[Stadtholder]]'s library to remain part of the Royal Library in [[The Hague]]. The library houses a collection of some 70,000 books, journals and brochures. The music library has 6,000 scores, going back to the mid-1700s. |
Expenditure on the Royal House is governed by or pursuant to the ''Royal House Finances Act'' (1972). There are three categories of expenditure: allowances paid to the Queen, the [[Princes of Orange]] and [[Princess Máxima of the Netherlands|Princess Máxima]], totalling some €5.6 million in 2006.<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13339 Allowances.] Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> Official expenses are incurred in the performance of official duties and are included in the budget of the most relevant ministry. They will total some €22.5 million in 2006. Other expenses relate to the management of the royal household. Under the ''Royal House Finances Act'', they are not included in the budget of the royal household. They will total some €71.7 million in 2006. | Expenditure on the Royal House is governed by or pursuant to the ''Royal House Finances Act'' (1972). There are three categories of expenditure: allowances paid to the Queen, the [[Princes of Orange]] and [[Princess Máxima of the Netherlands|Princess Máxima]], totalling some €5.6 million in 2006.<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13339 Allowances.] Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.</ref> Official expenses are incurred in the performance of official duties and are included in the budget of the most relevant ministry. They will total some €22.5 million in 2006. Other expenses relate to the management of the royal household. Under the ''Royal House Finances Act'', they are not included in the budget of the royal household. They will total some €71.7 million in 2006. | ||
Revision as of 06:04, 16 August 2008
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Template:Dutch Royal Family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard; born January 31 1938) has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30 1980, when her mother, Queen Juliana, abdicated in her favor, as her mother, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands had abdicated in Juliana's favor. Wilhelmina's mother, Queen Emma, had acted as regent during her cildhood. The Netherlands had female heads of state for the whole of the twentieth century, beginning with Wilhelmina and ending with Beautrix. Beatrix, however, unlike her two predecessors has a male heir, the crown prince Willem-Alexander.
Early life
Princess Beatrix was born as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau and Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld on 31 January 1938 at the Soestdijk Palace in Baarn, Netherlands. She is the eldest daughter of Crown Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.[1] Beatrix' five godparents are King Leopold III of Belgium, Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, Princess Elisabeth zu Erbach-Schönberg, Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg, and Countess Allene de Kotzebue.[2] When Beatrix was one year old, in 1939, her first sister Princess Irene was born.[1]
When World War II broke out in the Netherlands in May 1940, the Dutch Royal Family fled to London, United Kingdom. One month later, Beatrix went to Ottawa, Canada with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and Queen Wilhelmina remained in London organizing the government in exile and broadcasting weekly to her people in Holland.[1] The family lived at the Stornoway residence. Her second sister Princess Margriet was born in 1943.[1] During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attented nursery and the primary school,[3] Rockcliffe Park Public School.
The family returned to the Netherlands on August 2 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school De Werkplaats in Bilthoven. Her third sister Princess Christina was born in 1947.[1] On 6 September 1948, her mother Juliana succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands, and Beatrix became the heir presumptive to the throne of the Netherlands at the age of 10.
Education
In April 1950, Princess Beatrix entered the Incrementum, a part of Baarnsch Lyceum, where, in 1956, she passed her school-graduation examinations in the subjects of arts and classics.
On January 31, 1956, Princess Beatrix celebrated her 18th birthday. From that date, under the Constitution of the Netherlands, she was entitled to assume the Royal Prerogative. At that time, her mother installed her in the Council of State.
The same year, at Leiden University her university studies began. In her first years at the university, she studied sociology, jurisprudence, economics, parliamentary history and constitutional law. In the course of her studies she also attended lectures on the cultures of Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles, the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, international affairs, international law, history and [[European Union|European law.
The Princess also visited various European and international organizations in Geneva, Strasbourg, Paris, and Brussels. She was also an active member of the VVSL (Female Union for Students in Leiden), now called L.S.V.Minerva. In the summer of 1959, she passed her preliminary examination in law, and she obtained her law degree in July 1961.
Political involvement and marriage
Her appearance on the political scene was almost immediately marked by controversy. In 1965, Princess Beatrix became engaged to the German aristocrat Claus von Amsberg, a diplomat working for the German Foreign Office. Her marriage to him caused a massive protest during the wedding day in Amsterdam on March 10 1966. Prince Claus had served in the Hitler Youth and the Wehrmacht and was, therefore, associated by a part of the Dutch with German Nazism. Protests included the memorable slogan "Geef mijn fiets terug" (Give me back my bicycle), a reference to the memory of occupying German soldiers confiscating Dutch bicycles. A smoke bomb was thrown at the wedding carriage by a group of Provos causing a violent street battle with the police. As time went on, however, Prince Claus became one of the most popular members of the Dutch monarchy and his 2002 death was widely mourned.
An even more violent riot occurred on April 30 1980, during the investiture (sovereigns of the Netherlands are not crowned as such) of Queen Beatrix. Some people, including anarchist squatters, used the occasion to protest against poor housing conditions in the Netherlands and against the monarchy in general, using the also memorable slogan "Geen woning; geen Kroning" (No house; no coronation). Clashes with the police and security forces turned brutal and violent. The latter event is reflected in contemporary Dutch literature in the books of A.F.Th. van der Heijden.
Queen of the Netherlands
On April 30 1980, Beatrix became Queen of the Netherlands when her mother abdicated. This also made her son crown prince, the first in Dutch history since 1884.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
Beatrix has a weekly audience with the Prime Minister, which he is said to regard as a "two-way consultative process." The Council of State, of which she is President, has a constitutional duty to advise the government. She understands her role as to "be consulte, to warn and to encourage."[4] She is said to be diligent in reading her briefs and in scrutinizing proposed legislation. She also keeps in close contact with the leaders of local governance at city level.
Personal wealth
Popular myth had for long stated that the queens of the Netherlands were the richest women in the world. Even in the 2005 Forbes website report, the queen's family wealth was estimated at $4.7 billion. Queen Juliana however had sold the remaining royal palaces and had put the cultural assets (paintings, antiques, books, etc.) into non-personal trusts. When the inheritance of Juliana was revealed in 2004 it was a 'mere' $240 million, which the queen had to share with her co-heirs. Since 2006, the queen and her family are no longer included in the Forbes list. The personal assets of the queen include several estates, houses and a shares-portfolio. Hindley says that "nothing approaching the personal wealth" of the Queen "is possible" but it has been estimated at approximately 5 billion US dollars.[5]
The royal palaces are property of the Dutch state and given in use to the reigning monarch;[6] however, should the monarchy be disbanded, the property would be returned to the royal family. While the House of Orange-Nassau possesses a large amount of personal belongings, items such as paintings, historical artifacts and jewellery are usually associated with the performance of royal duties and/or decoration of royal residences. As such, these items have a cultural significance beyond that of simple artworks and jewellery, and have therefore been placed in the hands of trusts: the House of Orange-Nassau Archives Trust and the House of Orange-Nassau Historic Collections Trust. Part of the collection is on permanent loan to Het Loo Palace Museum in Apeldoorn and the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
The regalia (crown, orb and sceptre, Sword of State, royal banner, and ermine mantle) have been placed in the Crown Property Trust. The trust also holds the items used on ceremonial occasions, such as the carriages, table silver, and dinner services. Placing these goods in the hands of a trust ensures that they will remain at the disposal of the monarch in perpetuity.
The Royal Archives house the pesonal archives of the royal family.[7] This includes books, photographs, and artworks, as well as the books of the House of Orange-Nassau and the music library. The library was begun in 1813, following the return of the Orange-Nassaus to the Netherlands. King William I allowed the Stadtholder's library to remain part of the Royal Library in The Hague. The library houses a collection of some 70,000 books, journals and brochures. The music library has 6,000 scores, going back to the mid-1700s.
Expenditure on the Royal House is governed by or pursuant to the Royal House Finances Act (1972). There are three categories of expenditure: allowances paid to the Queen, the Princes of Orange and Princess Máxima, totalling some €5.6 million in 2006.[8] Official expenses are incurred in the performance of official duties and are included in the budget of the most relevant ministry. They will total some €22.5 million in 2006. Other expenses relate to the management of the royal household. Under the Royal House Finances Act, they are not included in the budget of the royal household. They will total some €71.7 million in 2006.
Children
The queen and her late husband, Prince Claus, have three sons:
- Prince Willem-Alexander, The Prince of Orange and his mother's heir apparent (born 1967)
- Prince Friso (born 1968)
- Prince Constantijn (born 1969)
Grandchildren
Queen Beatrix and her late husband, Prince Claus, have eight grandchildren:
- Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands, second in line to the throne, after her father
- Princess Alexia of the Netherlands
- Princess Ariane of the Netherlands
- Countess Luana of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg
- Countess Zaria of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg
- Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg
- Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg
- Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg
Titles, Styles, Honours and Arms
Titles and Styles
Queen Beatrix's titles are: "Beatrix, by the Grace of God Queen of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, etc. etc. etc."
The triple 'etc.' refers to the title Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld and the following titles formerly borne by the princes of Orange. These being dormant titles, they are retained in the masculine form.
- Marquis of Veere and Vlissingen
- Count of Katzenelnbogen (now in Germany), Vianden (now in Luxembourg), Diez and Spiegelberg (both now in Germany), Buren, Leerdam, and Culemborg
- Viscount of Antwerp (now in Belgium)
- Baron of Breda, Diest (now in Belgium), Beilstein (now in Germany), the town of Grave and the lands of Cuijk, IJsselstein, Cranendonck, Eindhoven, Liesveld, Herstal (now in Belgium), Warneton, Arlay and Nozeroy (both now in France)
- Hereditary Lord and Seigneur of Ameland
- Lord of Besançon (now in France), Borculo, Bredevoort, Bütgenbach (now in Belgium), Clundert, Daasburg, Geertruidenberg, Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, 't Loo, Lichtenvoorde, Montfoort, Naaldwijk, Niervaart, Polanen, Steenbergen, Sint-Maartensdijk, Sankt Vith (now in Belgium), Soest, Ter Eem, Turnhout (now in Belgium), Willemstad, and Zevenbergen.
The queen signs official documents "Beatrix" and is addressed as "Your Majesty" (Dutch: "Uwe Majesteit").[9] Queen Beatrix's mother, Queen Juliana, frowned upon this title. She preferred to be addressed as "Mevrouw", Dutch for "Madam." Queen Beatrix re-introduced the Royal Style of Majesty when addressing her.
Honors
Queen Beatrix is Grand Master of the Military Order of William (Militaire Willemsorde) and the other Dutch orders of merit. She is also a supernumary member of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, a Dame of the Order of the Elephant (Elefantordenen) and has received numerous other medals and decorations.
Queen Beatrix International Airport in Oranjestad, Aruba, is named after Her Majesty.
Her University of Leiden honorary doctorate was awarded in 2005 for her commitment to freedom and "the responsibilities that go with it."Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many but like her mother and grandmother she has accepted the role of constitutional monarch and has not tried to interfere politically.
Her grandmother's passion for freedom and her mother's for social welfare found expression in Beatrix's
Ancestry
| Ancestors of Beatrix of the Netherlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Patrilineal descent
Beatrix's patriline is the line from which she is descended father to son.
Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Beatrix were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Lippe, as all her male-line ancestors have been of that house.
House of Lippe (claimed descent from Saxon kings)
- Hermann I of Lippe, 1071 - 1126
- Hermann II of Lippe, 1119 - 1160
- Bernhard II of Lippe, 1151 - 1224
- Hermann III of Lippe, 1175 - 1229
- Bernhard III of Lippe, 1197 - 1265
- Bernhard IV of Lippe, 1240 - 1275
- Simon I of Lippe, d. 1344
- Otto of Lippe, d. 1360
- Simon III of Lippe, d. 1410
- Bernhard VI of Lippe, 1366 - 1415
- Simon IV of Lippe, 1404 - 1429
- Bernhard VII of Lippe, 1429 - 1511
- Simon V, Count of Lippe, 1471 - 1536
- Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe, 1527 - 1563
- Simon VI, Count of Lippe, 1554 - 1613
- Simon VII, Count of Lippe-Detmold, 1587 - 1627
- Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe-Sternberg, 1625 - 1678
- Rudolf Ferdinand, Count of Lippe-Sternberg, 1671 - 1726
- Friedrich, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1705 - 1781
- Karl of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1735 - 1810
- (Wilhelm) Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1777 - 1840
- Julius Peter, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1812 - 1884
- Count Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1842 - 1904
- Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1872 - 1934
- Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, 1911 - 2004
- Beatrix of the Netherlands, 1938 -
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands during The Queen's reign
- Dries van Agt (1977–1982)
- Ruud Lubbers (1982–1994)
- Wim Kok (1994–2002)
- Jan Peter Balkenende (2002–present)
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Youth. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ↑ De vijf peetouders van prinses Beatrix. The Memory of the Netherlands. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ↑ Education. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ↑ Hindley, page 206-7.
- ↑ Hindley, page 198.
- ↑ Palaces and Immovable Property. Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ↑ Royal Archives. Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ↑ Allowances. Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
- ↑ [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13853 "How should I address members of the Royal House?" Dutch Royal House. Retrieved August 16, 2008.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Blom, J.C.H. and Emiel Lamberts. 1998. History of the Low Countries. New York, NY: Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781571810847.
- Hindley, Geoffrey. 2000. The royal families of Europe. New York, NY: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 9780786708284.
- Hoffman, William. 1979. Queen Juliana: the story of the richest woman in the world. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 9780151465316.
- Hooker, Mark T. 1999. The history of Holland. The Greenwood histories of the modern nations. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313306587.
- Wilhelmina, Juliana, and Beatrix. 1992. A transatlantic friendship: addresses. Roosevelt Study Center publications, no. 12. Middelburg [Netherlands]: Roosevelt Study Center. ISBN 9789071654107
External links
- Queen Beatrix: Official website
- Information on Counts of Lippe
- Further information on House of Lippe
| House of Orange-Nassau Cadet Branch of the House of Lippe Born: 31 January 1938; | ||
|---|---|---|
| Regnal Titles
| ||
| Preceded by: Queen Juliana |
Queen of the Netherlands 1980–present |
Incumbent Designated heir: Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange |
| Dutch royalty | ||
| Preceded by: Princess Juliana later became Queen Juliana |
Heir to the Dutch throne as heiress presumptive 1948–1980 |
Succeeded by: Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange |
| British royalty | ||
| Preceded by: Huberta Deuse |
Line of succession to the British throne | Succeeded by: Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands |
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.
