Difference between revisions of "Philippa of Hainault" - New World Encyclopedia
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Philippa and Edward had fourteen children, including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would eventually bring about the long-running civil wars known as the [[Wars of the Roses]]. Their sons are: | Philippa and Edward had fourteen children, including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would eventually bring about the long-running civil wars known as the [[Wars of the Roses]]. Their sons are: | ||
− | *[[Edward, the Black Prince]] (1330-76) | + | *[[Edward, the Black Prince]] (1330-76), the black title refers to his black breast plate and helmet. He was father to King [[Richard II]], he married his cousin, [[Joan of Kent]]. He died before his father did so he never became king. |
− | *[[Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence]] (1338-68) | + | *[[Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence]] (1338-68), married [[Elizabeth de Burgh]] in 1352, received her great Irish land inheritance and in 1347 became the [[Earl of Ulster]]. He became the [[Duke of Clarence]] in 1361, but couldn't gain control over the Irish people and lands. His wife died in 1363 in [[Dublin]], their daughter Philippa's descendants would claim the throne for the [[House of York]]. <ref>Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March in 1368. Her granddaughter, Anne Mortimer married into the York branch of the royal family which was the basis of the House of York's claim to the throne.</ref> Lionel then married [[Violante of Pavia]] (Milan) but he died in Alba after falling ill at her home, some suggest he was poisoned by his father-in-law who many thought didn't like him. |
− | *[[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] (1340-99) | + | *[[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] (1340-99), was born in Ghent then called "Gaunt", |
*[[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York]] (1341-1402) | *[[Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York]] (1341-1402) | ||
*[[Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester]] (1355-97) | *[[Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester]] (1355-97) | ||
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Another three sons and two daughters died in infancy. There were four surviving daughters: | Another three sons and two daughters died in infancy. There were four surviving daughters: | ||
− | *[[Isabella de Coucy|Isabella of England]] (1332-1379) | + | *[[Isabella de Coucy|Isabella of England]] (1332-1379), married Enguerrand VII of Coucy at age 33. |
− | *[[Joan of England (1334-1348)]] | + | *[[Joan of England (1334-1348)]], betrothed to [[Castro of Castile]] but died from the [[Black Death]] before she met him. |
− | *[[Mary Plantagenet]] (1344-1362) | + | *[[Mary Plantagenet]] (1344-1362), betrothed to [[John V of Brittany]], they grew up in the same household together. They married in 1361 and they became the Duke and Duchess of Brittany, but three weeks later she became lethargic and died; she was buried with Joan who died weeks before. |
− | *[[Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Pembroke|Margaret Plantagenet]] (1346-1361) | + | *[[Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Pembroke|Margaret Plantagenet]] (1346-1361), was betrothed to John V of Britanny but Mary married him instead. She grew up in the same house with [[John Hastings]] and thus married him instead, aged 13, in 1359 but died two years later. |
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== |
Revision as of 18:08, 8 November 2008
Philippa of Hainault | |
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Queen consort of England | |
Consort | January 24, 1328 - August 15, 1369 |
Consort to | Edward III |
Issue | |
Edward, the Black Prince Isabella, Lady of Coucy Joan of England Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence John, 1st Duke of Lancaster Edmund, 1st Duke of York Mary, Duchess of Brittany Margaret, Countess of Pembroke Thomas, 1st Duke of Gloucester | |
Titles | |
Her Grace The Queen Lady Philippa of Hainault | |
Royal House | Plantagenet |
Father | William I, Count of Hainaut |
Mother | Joan of Valois |
Born | June 24 1311 Valenciennes |
Died | 15 August 1369 (aged 58) Windsor Castle |
Buried | Westminster Abbey |
Philippa of Hainault (June 24 1311 – August 15 1369) was the Queen consort of Edward III of England.
Life
Philippa was born in Valenciennes (then in Flanders, now France) and was the daughter of William I, Count of Hainaut and Jeanne of Valois, the granddaughter of Philip III of France.
She married Edward at York Minster, on January, 24, 1328, eleven months after his accession to the English throne and, unlike many of her predecessors, she did not alienate the English people by retaining her foreign retinue upon her marriage or bringing large numbers of foreigners to the English court.
Philippa accompanied Edward on his expeditions to the Kingdom of Scotland (1333) and Flanders (1338-40), where she won acclaim for her gentleness and compassion. She is best remembered as the tender-hearted woman who interceded with her husband and persuaded him to spare the lives of the Burghers of Calais (1346) whom he had planned to execute as an example to the townspeople following his successful siege. She acted as a regent on several occasions when he was on the continent.
Philippa had grown portly in her later years, and this added to the view most of her English subjects had of her as a friendly, homely, motherly woman whom the nation greatly loved. Philippa outlived 9 of her 14 children; two of whom were lost during the Black Death outbreak (1348).
On 15 August 1369 Philippa died of an illness akin to dropsy [1] in Windsor Castle, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. By all accounts, her 40 year marriage to Edward had been happy, despite his taking a mistress, Alice Perrers, during the later part of it.
Issue
Philippa and Edward had fourteen children, including five sons who lived into adulthood and whose rivalry would eventually bring about the long-running civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. Their sons are:
- Edward, the Black Prince (1330-76), the black title refers to his black breast plate and helmet. He was father to King Richard II, he married his cousin, Joan of Kent. He died before his father did so he never became king.
- Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (1338-68), married Elizabeth de Burgh in 1352, received her great Irish land inheritance and in 1347 became the Earl of Ulster. He became the Duke of Clarence in 1361, but couldn't gain control over the Irish people and lands. His wife died in 1363 in Dublin, their daughter Philippa's descendants would claim the throne for the House of York. [2] Lionel then married Violante of Pavia (Milan) but he died in Alba after falling ill at her home, some suggest he was poisoned by his father-in-law who many thought didn't like him.
- John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-99), was born in Ghent then called "Gaunt",
- Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1341-1402)
- Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (1355-97)
Another three sons and two daughters died in infancy. There were four surviving daughters:
- Isabella of England (1332-1379), married Enguerrand VII of Coucy at age 33.
- Joan of England (1334-1348), betrothed to Castro of Castile but died from the Black Death before she met him.
- Mary Plantagenet (1344-1362), betrothed to John V of Brittany, they grew up in the same household together. They married in 1361 and they became the Duke and Duchess of Brittany, but three weeks later she became lethargic and died; she was buried with Joan who died weeks before.
- Margaret Plantagenet (1346-1361), was betrothed to John V of Britanny but Mary married him instead. She grew up in the same house with John Hastings and thus married him instead, aged 13, in 1359 but died two years later.
Legacy
Through her children, Philippa reintroduced the bloodline of an earlier English King, Stephen, into the royal family. She was descended from Stephen through Matilda of Brabant, the wife of Floris IV, Count of Holland. Their daughter Adelaide of Holland married John I of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut, Philippa's paternal great-grandfather. Matilda of Brabant in turn was the great-granddaughter of Stephen through her mother Matilda of Boulogne, the wife of Henry I, Duke of Brabant.
Philippa was also a descendant of Harold II of England through his daughter Gytha of Wessex, married to Vladimir II Monomakh of Kiev. His bloodline, however, had been reintroduced to the English royal family by Philippa's mother-in-law, Isabella of France, a granddaughter of Isabella of Aragon, the wife of Philip III of France. Isabella of Aragon's mother, Violant of Hungary, was a daughter of Andrew II of Hungary, a grandson of Géza II by Euphrosyne of Kiev, herself a granddaughter of Gytha. Through her maternal great-grandmother, Maria of Hungary, she was descended from Elisabeth of Bosnia (born before 1241), a daughter of Kuthen, Khan of the Cumens and his Slavic wife, Galicie of Halicz, thus bringing Western Asian blood into the English royal line.[3]
The Queen's College, Oxford is named after Philippa. It was founded by one of her chaplains, Robert de Eglesfield, in her honour.
Ancestry
Notes
- ↑ A swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities [syn: edema].
- ↑ Philippa married Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March in 1368. Her granddaughter, Anne Mortimer married into the York branch of the royal family which was the basis of the House of York's claim to the throne.
- ↑ WorldRoots.com. bt Leo Van de Pas.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Ashley, Mike. British Kings & Queens, Carroll & Graf, 2002. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3
- Fraser, Antonia. The Lives of the Kings and Queens of England University of California Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0520224605
- Salmonson, Jessica Amanda. The Encyclopedia of Amazons. Paragon House, 1991. ISBN 1-55778-420-5
- Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy, The Bodley Head London, U.K., Pimlico, 2002. ISBN 978-0712642866
External links
- World Roots site by Leo van de Pas genealogics.org All links retrieved November 7, 2008.
English royalty | ||
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Preceded by: Isabella of France |
Queen Consort of England 24 January 1328 - 15 August 1369 |
Succeeded by: Anne of Bohemia |
George, Duke of Cumberland (1702-1707) · Mary of Modena (1685-1688) · Catherine of Braganza (1662-1685) · Henrietta Maria of France (1625-1649) · Anne of Denmark (1603-1619) · Philip II of Spain (1554-1558) · Lord Guildford Dudley (1553) · Catherine Parr (1543-1547) · Catherine Howard (1540-1542) · Anne of Cleves (1540) · Jane Seymour (1536-1537) · Anne Boleyn (1533-1536) · Catherine of Aragon (1509-1533) · Elizabeth of York (1486-1503) · Anne Neville (1483-1485) · Elizabeth Woodville (1464-1483) · Margaret of Anjou (1445-1471) · Catherine of Valois (1420-1422) · Joanna of Navarre (1403-1413) · Isabella of Valois (1396-1399) · Anne of Bohemia (1383-1394) · Philippa of Hainault (1328-1369) · Isabella of France (1308-1327) · Marguerite of France (1299-1307) · Eleanor of Castile (1272-1290) · Eleanor of Provence (1236-1272) · Isabella of Angoulême (1200-1216) · Berengaria of Navarre (1191-1199) · Eleanor of Aquitaine (1154-1189) · Matilda of Boulogne (1135-1152) · Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (1141) · Adeliza of Louvain (1121-1135) · Matilda of Scotland (1100-1118) · Matilda of Flanders (1066-1083)
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