Difference between revisions of "Tree of Life (Judeo-Christian)" - New World Encyclopedia

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The Tree of Life as represented in Kabbalah, containing the Sephiroth.

The Tree of Life is a universal symbol found in many religious traditions around the world, including Judaism, Christianity, and several other religions and mythologies. It is sometimes associated with The World Tree, which is represented as a colossal tree that connects the heavens, the earth, and, through its roots, the underground.

In the Old and New Testaments, it is a sacred symbols that is mentioned in the Book of Genesis, the Book of Proverbs, and the Book of Revelations. It is also a major symbol in the tradition of Kabbalah, or Jewish mysticism, and also part of the apocryphal writings.

Tree of Life in the the Old Testament

According to Gen. 2.9, there stood in the Garden of Eden with Adam and Eve a "Tree of life" and the "Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil." Adam and Eve, the ancestors of humankind, were told by God not to eat of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil lest they would die. Both were naked, but were unashamed. A serpent challenged Eve about eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, often symbolized in European art and literature as an apple tree:

"The serpent said to the woman, ‘You will not die; for God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.' When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate; and she also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made loincloths for themselves."

Eve ate of the the fruit, and she then persuaded Adam to eat of the fruit. They then realized their nakedness and covered the lower parts of their body. Gen. 3.22 states that after Adam and Eve had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, against the command of God, they were expelled from the Garden of Eden. As punishment for his transgression, the serpent was condemned to crawl on its belly and eat dust. The woman was sentenced to the pangs of childbirth, and the man was made to toil and sweat from the hostile soil. God then barred access to the Tree of Life placing cherubim and a flaming sword at the eastern entrance to Eden.

The Tree of Life in the Book of Ezekiel

Ezekiel: Ezekiel projected a picture of the Messianic age when he wrote "And on the banks, on both sides of the river, there will grow all kinds of trees for food. Their leaves will not wither nor their fruit fail, but they will bear fresh fruit every month, becuase the water for them flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food, and their leaves for healing".(Ezekiel 47:12)

The Tree of Life in Proverbs

Proverbs: The “Tree of Life” appears in Proverbs four times (Proverbs 3:18; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 13:12; Proverbs 15:4). To lay hold of wisdom is to lay hold on “a tree of life” (Proverbs 3:18). “The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life” (Proverbs 11:30 NIV). "A longing fulfilled is a tree of life” (Proverbs 13:12 NIV). "The tongue that brings healing is a tree of life” (Proverbs 15:4 NIV).

The Tree of Life in in the Apocalypse of John

The Book of Revelation: The Apocalypse of John refers to the "Tree of Life" in three places (Revelation 2:7; 22:2,14). "He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who who conquers I will grant to eat of the tree of life, which is the paradise of God."(Revelation 2.7). "Through the middle of the street of the city; also, on either side of the river, the tree of life with its twelve kinds of fruit, yielding in fruit each month; and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations"(Revelation 22:2). "Blessed are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right to the tree of life and that they may enter the city by the gates"(Revelation 22:14).

The Tree of Life in the Apocryphal Writings

Ethiopic Enoch describes the "Tree of Life" as "a fragrance beyond all fragrances; its leaves and bloom and wood wither not forever; its fruit is beautiful and resembles the date-palm" (Ethiopic Enoch 24:4) Slavonic Enoch says "In the midst there is the tree of life .... and this tree cannot be described for its excellence and sweet odor" (Slavonic Enoch 8:3). Esdras describes the future and says "Unto you is paradise opened, the tree of life is planted" (Esdras 8:52).

The Tree of Life in The Kabbalah

According to the teachings of Kabbalah, the teachings of mystical Judaism, the Tree of Life that is described in the Garden of Eden is not a literal tree but a symbol that is used to understand the nature of God and the manner in which He created the world

In Kabbalah there is the belief that the world was created and sustained by ten channels of Divine emanations. These ten channels are referred to as the ten Sefirot, which are united with God as one. They are represented in a diagram or chart that is known as the Tree of Life. Kabbalah texts describe the Tree of Life as representing the 10 Divine emanations of God, which are the fundamental building blocks of the world and of mankind. These emanations are also described as the ten characteristics of God that are knowable, as compared to those characteristics that cannot be known by humans. God is continually working in the world through these ten Sefirot. Each Sefirot combines with the other Sefirots and has both a positive and negative aspect within itself. They are united with each other and originated from the infinite God.

The Sefirot is divided into three triads, plus the tenth Sefirah of Malchut, which experiences separation from the other nine. The first triad of Sefirot correspond to the mind. The second three correspond to the desires of the heart. The third three correspond to the qualities of action that bring Malchut into being.

These ten archetypal qualities of God appear in several Kabbalah texts. But as Kabbalah developed over a period of time, the Sefirot have been given different meanings over time. The arrangement of these emanations, the Sefirot, as the "Tree of Life" has also differed over time.

The diagram is drawn in such a way that it resembles a human body. Each of the Sefirot correspond to one of the organs or limbs of the human body. The Tree of Life has a right side and a left side. The right side is considered to represent God’s masculine side, and is referred to as Father. The left side of the Tree represents the feminine side of God, and is referred to as Mother.

On the Tree of Life diagram the beginning of the universe is placed at a place above all the other Sefirot. The first Sefirot is called Kether, which means Crown in English. It is known as the Primordial Point or the “I am”. It is also known as the infinite energy and limitless light of God. It symbolizes that point beyond which we cannot comprehend about the origin of God. It is often referred to as the Divine will, and contains all of the other Sefirot in it and is the link between the God's infinite world and the finite world in which we live. It is also the place that starts the flow of each of the Sefiort into the next Sefirot. The Sefirot on the bottom of the Tree returns to the Kether at the top of the Tree. All of the Sefirot interact with each other.

Kether is thought to be energy, which exploded to create the universe. Time and space do not exist at this level, but were created at the next three stages on the Tree of Life. From the Crown or primordial point came the other nine Sefirot, each with its own unique name and quality.

The second Sefirot is Chochmah, which means wisdom. It is often referred to as intuition. It is created out of the pure energy of Kether and is considered to be God’s primordial masculine energy.

The next Sefirot, on the left side of the Tree, is Binah or Understanding, which is thought of as God’s primordial feminine energy, or the Supernal Mother of the universe. It interacts with Chochmah, and both of them are often referred to as the Father and Mother of the Universe. They are unified as one whole and are in complete harmony. These three Sefirot, the Crown, Chochmah, and Binah, are called the Supernal Sefirot and are considered to be the primordial energies of the universe.

On some diagrams of the Sefirot there is an additional Sefirot known as Da'at, or knowledge. Da'at is usually seen as the synthesis of Chochmah and Binah, and is a kind of reflection of Kether. Da'at. It is not one of the ten Sefirot, but as a mediating and synthesizing principle between Chochmah and Binah.

Chochmah, Binah, and Da'at' are reflections of Kether and are aspects representing the mind. This is the first tirad of the Tree.

The Sefirah of Gevurah, on the left side of the Tree, is known as power, and is sometimes referred to as justice or law. It interacts with the Sefirah of Chesed or grace, which is on the right side of the Tree. It is described as an outgoing and expanding force and is also referred to as absolute love that knows no limitation. Chesed is the love that is free and lacking in restraint, whereas Gevurah is the love that represents discipline. Chesed and Gevurah interact with each other. These two Sefirah represent two aspects of love. Chesed is gendered male because it expands. Gevurah is gendered female because it receives, encloses, even constricts. Chesed and Gevurah together operate in harmony to sustain the world. One represents Divine love and the other represents Divine restraint. If there were no Gevurah there would be no justice. Without Chesed there would be no mercy. Tiferet represents harmony. These three Sefirah form the second triad in the Tree.

Chesed, Gevurah, and Tiferet are forces within the heart. And Kether itself points upward to our true unity with the God.

The Sefirah of Tiferet, which is in the middle vertical column on the Tree, its center, is a combination of harmony, truth and compassion.

The next triad of Sefirot on the Tree are Netzach, Hod, and Yesod. The Sefirah of Netzach, which is on the left side of the Tree, is the Sefirah of conquest and the capacity for overcoming. It is also referred to as victory, the desire to get things done, to work. Some texts refer to it as eternity, an aspect of revelation which stretches horizontally for all time, and an attirbute of endurance within the Divine. The Sefirah of Hod, on the right side of the Tree, is known as splendor, and is sometimes referred to as persistence or holding on. Netzach and Hod balance into Yesod. Yesod is known as the capacity and desire to build bridges or make contacts, or the ability to establish relationships.

The last of the ten Sefirot on the Tree is Malchut, which is the summation and culmination of all the Sefirot that are above it. It completes the chain of the Sefirot. Malchut is the world that one experiences, and is that aspect of the Divine which is totally immanent, here and now

"The Fall of Man" by Lucas Cranach, a 16th century German depiction of Eden, with the Trees of Life & Knowledge.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Epstein, Perle. Kabbalah, the Way of the Jewish Mystic Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. (1978) pp. 69-72. ISBN 0877734380
Encausse, Gerard (Papus). The Qabalah: Secret Tradition of the West York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser, Inc. (2000) pp. 83-4. ISBN 0877289360
Fortune, Dion. The Mystical Qabalah. York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser, Inc. (2000) ISBN 1578631505
Malachi, Tau. Gnosis of the Cosmic Christ. A Gnostic Christian Kabbalah St. Paul, MN: lewellyn Publications. (2005) ISBN 738705918
Regardie, Israel. The Tree of Life: An Illustrated Study in Magic St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. (2000) ISBN 1-56718-132-5

Kabbalah Portal

External links

Jewish and Non-Jewish views

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
-==The Tree of Life in the the Old Testament==
+==Tree of Life in the the Old Testament==
-According to Gen. 2.9, there stood in the Garden of Eden with Adam and Eve a "Tree of life" and the "Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil." Adam and Eve, the ancestors of humankind, were told by God not to eat of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil lest they would die. Both were naked, but were unashamed. The serpent challenged Eve about eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil (often symbolized in European art and literature as an apple tree). The serpent said to the woman, ‘You will not die; for God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil. When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate; and she also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made loincloths for themselves.
+According to Gen. 2.9, there stood in the [[Garden of Eden]] with [[Adam and Eve]] a "Tree of life" and the "Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil." Adam and Eve, the ancestors of humankind, were told by [[God]] not to eat of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil lest they would die. Both were naked, but were unashamed. A serpent challenged Eve about eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, often symbolized in European art and literature as an apple tree: <blockquote>"The serpent said to the woman, ‘You will not die; for God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.' When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate; and she also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made loincloths for themselves."</blockquote>
-Eve ate of the the fruit, and she then persuaded Adam to eat of the fruit. They then realized their nakedness and covered the lower parts of their body. Gen. 3.22 states that after Adam and Eve had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, against the command of God, they were expelled from the Garden of Eden. As punishment for his transgression, the serpent was condemned to crawl on its belly and eat dust. The woman was sentenced to the pangs of childbirth and the man was made to toil and sweat from the hostile soil. God then barred access to the "Tree of Life" by means of a cherubim and flaming sword.
+Eve ate of the the fruit, and she then persuaded Adam to eat of the fruit. They then realized their nakedness and covered the lower parts of their body. Gen. 3.22 states that after Adam and Eve had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, against the command of God, they were expelled from the Garden of Eden. As punishment for his transgression, the serpent was condemned to crawl on its belly and eat dust. The woman was sentenced to the pangs of childbirth, and the man was made to toil and sweat from the hostile soil. God then barred access to the Tree of Life placing [[cherubim]] and a flaming sword at the eastern entrance to Eden.
 ==The Tree of Life in the Book of Ezekiel==