Toby Riddle

Toby Riddle

Toby "Winema" Riddle (1848-1920) was a Modoc interpreter who helped with negotiations between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army during the Modoc War (also called the Lava Beds War).

Riddle was a cousin of Kintpuash, the leader of the Modoc tribe at the time of the Modoc War, and was married to Frank Riddle, a white settler, who had emigrated from Kentucky to California during the California Gold Rush. Riddle served as a translator and shuttle diplomat between General Edward Canby and Kintpuash, during negotiations to end the wars. After she learned of a Modoc plot to assassinate Canby, Riddle warned the American general that the plot was set during a meeting at the Lava Beds, but he disregarded her advice, and was killed.

Frank, Toby and their son lived thereafter near the Klamath Reservation, where their progeny live today.^{[citation needed]}

Several regional landmarks are named "Winema" after Riddle, including the Winema National Forest.

Toby Riddle

Toby Riddle standing in the back between her husband, Frank, and a government agent. In the front row are Modoc women; 1873.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Bales, Rebecca. 2005. Winema and the Modoc War: One Woman's Struggle for Peace. Prologue Magazine. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
• Rhodes Educational Publications. 2005. Winema (ca. 1848-1932) Retrieved May 3, 2008.
• White, Julia. Kaitchkona Winema - Modoc Woman Spirit. Retrieved May 3, 2008.
• Oregon Historical Society. 2003.Toby Winema Riddle Retrieved May 3, 2008.
• Chartier, JoAnn, and Chris Enss. 2004. She wore a yellow ribbon: women soldiers and patriots of the western frontier. Guilford, Conn: TwoDot. ISBN 9780762726011
• Drennen, Nancy, James T. Rock and Micahel Hendrix. 2001. Women of Siskeyou County. Yreka, CA. Siskeyou County Historical Society.
• Markowitz, Harvey, and Carole A. Barrett. 2005. American Indian biographies. Magill's choice. Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. ISBN 9781587652332
• Murray, Keith A. 1959. The Modocs and Their War. Norman, OK.
• Riddle, Jeff C., and Jeff C. Riddle. [1914] 1973. History of the Modoc War. Medford, OR.
• Sonneborn, Liz. 1998. A to Z of Native American women. Encyclopedia of women. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9780816035809

External links

Credits

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