The Daily Telegraph

200px
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner	Sir David and Sir Frederick Barclay
Founded	1855
Headquarters	Canary Wharf, London
Website: www.telegraph.co.uk

The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. Its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, was founded in 1961. It is known for its conservative politics.

Founding history

In 1882 the Daily Telegraph moved to new Fleet Street premises, which were pictured in the Illustrated London News.

The Daily Telegraph was established on June 29, 1855 by Colonel Arthur B. Sleigh. He controlled it only briefly before selling it to his printer, Joseph Moses Levy, father of the 1st Baron Burnham. Levy appointed his sons as editors and relaunched the paper on September 17. His most significant and successful move was reducing the price of the paper to a penny, the first of the "penny press." Within twelve months the new paper was outselling The Times.

In 1908, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany gave a controversial interview to The Daily Telegraph which severely damaged Anglo-German relations and added to international tension leading to World War I.

In 1928, the son of the 1st Baron Burnham sold the paper to the 1st Viscount Camrose, in partnership with his brother Viscount Kemsley and the 1st Baron Iliffe. Both the Camrose (Berry) and Burnham (Levy-Lawson) families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986.

In 1937, the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post which traditionally espoused a Conservative position and sold predominantly amongst the retired officer class. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside the Daily Telegraph, but poor sales of the former led him to merge the two. For some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph.

The Daily Telegraph reached new heights of readership under the guidance of Michael Berry, Lord Hartwell who began editing the paper in 1954 after the death of his father. Berry introduced the popular column "The Way of the World," started The Sunday Telegraph, and was one of the first to add color magazine supplements. Lord Hartwell is credited with instilling a strong sense of journalistic integrity in the Daily Telegraph. He retired in 1987.

The Sunday Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph's sister Sunday paper, The Sunday Telegraph, was founded in 1961. The conservative polemicist Sir Peregrine Worsthorne is probably the best known journalist associated with the title (1961-97), eventually being editor for three years from 1986. In 1989, the Sunday title was briefly merged in to a seven-day operation under Max Hastings' overall control.

Editorial Stance

The Telegraph is traditionally seen as being on the right of the political spectrum. The combination of personal links between the paper's editorial team and the leadership of the Conservative Party, along with the paper's influence over Conservative activists, results in the paper often being jokingly referred to as the Torygraph.

According to a MORI survey conducted in 2004, 61% of Telegraph readers were Conservative Party supporters compared with 31% of the general population.

Sir David Barclay suggested that The Daily Telegraph might in future no longer be the "house newspaper" of the Conservative Party. In an interview with The Guardian he said, "Where the government are right we will support them." The editorial board endorsed the Conservatives in the 2005 general election.

Recent history

The Daily Telegraph is the highest selling British "national quality" newspaper, with an average circulation of 901,238. This is compared with a circulation of 653,780 for The Times, 432,980 for the Financial Times, 253,737 for The Independent, and 382,393 for The Guardian as of November 2006.

Until January 2004 the newspaper group was controlled by Canadian businessman, Conrad Black. Black, through his holding company Ravelston Corporation, owned Hollinger Inc. which in turn owned 30 percent of Hollinger International and, under a deal struck by Andrew Knight through which Black bought the newspaper group in 1986 following Lord Hartwell's retirement, owned 78 percent of the voting rights. Hollinger Inc. also owned the Chicago Sun-Times, the Jerusalem Post, and other right-leaning publications such as The Spectator. In June 2004, The Daily Telegraph was bought by the Barclay brothers, Sir David and Sir Frederick Barclay.

On January 18 2004, Black was fired as chairman of the Hollinger International board over allegations of financial wrongdoing. Black was also sued by the company. Later, it was reported that the Barclay brothers, Sir David and Sir Frederick, had agreed to purchase Hollinger Inc. from Black, giving them the controlling interest in the newspaper group. They then launched a takeover bid for the rest of the group, valuing the company at £200m. However, a suit was been filed by the Hollinger International board with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to try to block Black selling shares in the company until an investigation into his dealings could be completed. Black filed a counter-suit but eventually United States judge Leo Strine sided with the Hollinger International board and blocked Black from selling his Hollinger Inc. shares and interests to the twins. On March 7, 2004 the twins announced they were launching another takeover bid, this time just for the Daily Telegraph and its Sunday sister paper rather than the whole stable. Owner of the Daily Express, Richard Desmond, was also interested in purchasing the paper, selling his interest in several pornographic magazines to finance the initiative. Desmond withdrew in March 2004 when the price climbed above £600m, as did the Daily Mail and General Trust company on June 17.

Eventually, the Barclay brothers purchased Hollinger, and with it the Telegraph, for around £665m in late June 2004.

November 15, 2004 saw the tenth anniversay of the launch of the Telegraph's website Electronic Telegraph. Now rebranded to telegraph.co.uk the website was the UK's first national newspaper online.

In 2006, the Telegraph moved from Canada Place in Canary Wharf, to Victoria Plaza, near Victoria Station in central London. [1]

There has been much speculation about the launch of a compact edition of The Daily Telegraph to counter the change in size of The Times to a tabloid. However, the Telegraph has denied these claims and tried to attract disgruntled Times readers who want to read a more upmarket broadsheet. One of its latest advertising slogans was "Impact, Not Compact." Nevertheless, new Executive Editor William Lewis was reported to be preparing a tabloid edition of the newspaper.

Notable mistakes

The Daily Telegraph has erroneously published at least four premature obituaries:

• Cockie Hoogterp, the second wife of Baron Blixen, in 1938 after the Baron's third wife died in an auto accident. Mrs. Hoogterp sent all her bills back marked "Deceased" and survived her premature obituary by over 50 years.
• Dave Swarbrick in 1999, prompting much embarrassing publicity for the newspaper, and Swarbrick's remark "It's not the first time I have died in Coventry."
• Dorothy Southworth Ritter, the widow of Tex Ritter and mother of John Ritter, in August 2001. She eventually died in 2003, two months after her son's death.
• Ballet dancer Katharine Sergava in 2003, which also caused The New York Times to print an erroneous obituary based on The Telegraph's.

The Telegraph is nonetheless noted for the humor and quality of writing of many of its obituaries.

On Wednesday 24 February, 1988, the Daily Telegraph was printed with the wrong date: Thursday 25 February was printed by mistake. This caused complaints from confused readers, but also inspired the first front page cartoon by Matt Pritchett with the caption: "I hope I have a better Thursday than I did yesterday".

External links

• DailyTelegraph.co.uk
• The Guardian: The plight of Hollinger
• BBC: Telegraph empire in tycoons' grip – 18 Jan 2004
• 'Daily Telegraph "may back Blair"' – from BBC News Online
• The continuing takeover saga – from BBC News 7 March 2004

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