Difference between revisions of "Sinan" - New World Encyclopedia
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Revision as of 15:31, 9 October 2007
Ḳoca Mi‘mār Sinān Āġā (Ottoman Turkish: قوجه معمار سنان آغا) (April 15, 1489 - July 17, 1588) was the chief Ottoman architect for sultans Selim I, Suleiman I, Selim II and Murad III. His masterpiece is the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, although his most famous work is the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. Sinan was also one of the first earthquake engineers in the world.
Background
Sinan was born a Christian in Anatolia in a small town called Ağırnas near the city of Kayseri, either of Greek[1] or Armenian[2] origin (it is impossible to tell as only religious information was recorded in Ottoman censuses). In 1511, he was conscripted into Ottoman service and he went to Istanbul as a recruit and converted to Islam under the devshirme system. He served the Grand Vizier İbrahim Paşa as a novice of the Palace School. There he was given the Islamic name Sinan. Three years later he, a skilled architect and engineer, took part in Selim's military campaigns into the east as part of the engineering corps. When the Ottoman army captured Cairo, Sinan was promoted to chief architect and was given the privilege of tearing down any buildings in the captured city that were not according to the city plan. He was also appointed commander of an infantry division, but was, at his own request, transferred to the command of the artillery instead. During a Persian campaign in 1535 he built ships for the army to cross Lake Van. For this he was given the title Haseki'i, Sergeant-at-Arms in the body guard of the Sultan, a rank equivalent to that of the Janissary Ağa.
Work
Sinan's first work was the Şehzade Mosque, which he built in 1548. He started building the Süleymaniye Mosque in 1550, with construction completed in 1557. Before Süleymaniye, no mosques had been built with half cubic roofs. He got the idea of half cubic roof design from the Hagia Sophia. He also built many mosques and other buildings in and around Istanbul, including the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Istanbul, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Edirnekapi, and Kadirga Sokullu Mosque in Istanbul. He also designed the Taqiyya al-Sulaimaniyya khan and mosque in Damascus, still considered one of the city's most notable monuments, as well as the Banya Bashi Mosque in Sofia, Bulgaria, currently the only functioning mosque in the city.
Masterpiece
According to him from his autobiography “Tezkiretü’l Bünyan”, his masterpiece is the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. While it was being built, the Christian architects saying of "You can never build a dome larger than the dome of Hagia Sophia and specially as Muslims" was his main motivation while building that mosque. While when it was completed, Sinan claimed that it had the largest dome in the world leaving Hagia Sophia behind, the reality was that the dome height from the ground level was lower and the diameter almost identical to the millennium-older Hagia Sophia. However, measured from its base the dome of Selimiye is higher, though statically seen, this makes it more stable and easier to build. Sinan was 80 years old when the building was finished.
Constructions
Sinan is said to have constructed and founded
- 94 great mosques (cami),
- 57 universities,
- 52 smaller mosques (mescit),
- 41 bath-houses (hamam).
- 35 palaces (saray),
- 22 mausoleums (türbe),
- 20 caravansary (kervansaray; han),
- 17 public kitchens (imaret),
- 8 bridges,
- 8 store houses and
- 7 schools (medrese),
- 6 aqueducts,
- 3 hospitals (darüşşifa)
Some of his works:
- Azapkapi Sokullu Mosque in Istanbul
- Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
- Süleymaniye Complex
- Kilic Ali Pasha Complex
- Molla Celebi Complex
- Haseki Baths
- Piyale Pasha Mosque
- Sehzade Mosque
- Mihrimah Sultan Complex in Edirnekapi
- Nisanci Mehmed Pasha Mosque
- Rüstem Pasha Mosque
- Zal Mahmud pasha Mosque
- Kadirga Sokullu Mosque
- Koursoum Mosque or Osman Shah Mosque in Trikala
- Al-Takiya Al-Suleimaniya in Damascus
Death
He died in 1588 and is buried in a tomb just outside the walls of the Süleymaniye Mosque to the north, across a street named Mimar Sinan Caddesi in his honour. He is also honored with a crater on Mercury named after him.
Notes
- ↑ Sinan. Encyclopædia Britannica (2007). Retrieved 2007-02-03.
- ↑ "Will Sinan's Armenian Origin Finally Be Publicly Acknowledged?", Armenian Reporter, 2001-02-24. Retrieved 2007-02-03.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Guler, Ara; Burelli, Augusto Romano; Freely, John (1992). Sinan: Architect of Suleyman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Golden Age. WW Norton&Co. Inc. ISBN 0-500-34120-6
- Çelebi, Sai Mustafa (2004). Book Of Buildings : Tezkiretü'l Bünyan Ve Tezkiretü'l-Ebniye (Memoirs Of Sinan The Architect). Koç Kültür Sanat Tanıtım ISBN 975-296-017-0
- Aptullah Kuran, Ara Güler (Illustrator), Mustafa Niksarli (Illustrator): Mimar Sinan, Istanbul 1986. ISBN 3-89122-007-3 (in Turkish)
- Aptullah Kuran: Sinan: The grand old master of Ottoman architecture, Ada Press Publishers, 1987. ISBN 0-941469-00-X (in English)
- Gülru Necipoglu The Age of Sinan, 2005
- J.M. Rogers. Sinan. 2005. I.B. Tauris ISBN 1-84511-096-X.
External links
- Pictures of the city of Edirne, with many pictures of the Selimiye Mosque
- a map and a short guide for Sinan's works in Istanbul (Turkish)
- Photos of Some Sinan Mosques in Istanbul
- A Map of Some Sinan Mosques in Istanbul
- Master Builder of the 16th Century Ottoman Mosque
- Website of the Respect to Sinan Project Extensive information on Sinan's works in Istanbul (Turkish)
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