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| − | '''Robert Henry Lowie''' ([[1883]] – [[1957]]) was an [[Austria]]n-born [[United States|American]] [[anthropologist]]. An expert on [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|North American Indians]], he was instrumental in the development of modern anthropological theory.
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| − | Mr. Lowie was born in [[Vienna]], but came to the [[United States]] in [[1893]], graduated from the [[College of the City of New York]] (A.B.) in [[1901]], and from [[Columbia University]] (Ph.D.) in [[1908]], where he studied under [[Franz Boas]]. In [[1909]], he became assistant curator at the [[American Museum of Natural History]], New York. Influenced by [[Clark Wissler]], Lowie became a specialist in [[Native Americans |American indians]]. From [[1921]] until his retirement in [[1950]] he was professor of anthropology at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], where along with [[Alfred Kroeber]] he was a central figure in anthropological scholarship.
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| − | Lowie made numerous field expeditions to the [[Great Plains]], and did significant [[ethnographic]] fieldwork among the [[Arikara]], [[Shoshone]], [[Mandan]], [[Hidatsa]], and [[Crow Nation|Crow]] peoples. He also spent shorter field periods among other peoples of the [[American Southwest]] and [[South America]]. Much of Lowie's work was focused on [[salvage ethnography]], the rapid collection of data on cultures believed to be near extinction.
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| − | His theoretical orientation was within the [[Boasian]] mainstream of anthropological thought, emphasizing [[cultural relativism]] and opposed to the [[cultural evolutionism]] of the [[Victorian era]]. Like many prominent anthropologists of the day, including Boas, his scholarship originated in the [[Germany|German]] [[idealism]] and [[romanticism]] espoused by earlier thinkers such as [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Georg Hegel]] and [[Johann Herder]].
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| − | His principal works include:
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| − | * ''Societies of the Arikara Indians'', (1914)
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| − | * ''Dances and Societies of the Plains Shoshones'', (1915)
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| − | * ''Notes on the social Organization and Customs of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Crow Indians'', (1917)
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| − | * ''Culture and Ethnology'', (1917)
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| − | * ''Plains Indian Age Societies'', (1917)
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| − | * ''Myths and Traditions of the Crow Indians'', (1918)
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| − | * ''The Matrilineal Complex'', (1919)
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| − | * ''Primitive Society'', (1919)
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| − | * ''The religion of the Crow Indian'', (1922)
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| − | * ''The Material Culture of the Crow Indians'', (1922)
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| − | * ''Crow Indian Art'', (1922)
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| − | * ''Psychology and Anthropology of Races'', (1923)
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| − | * ''History of Ethnological Theory'', (1937)
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| − | * ''The German People'', (1945)
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| − | * ''Towards Understanding Germany'', (1954)
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| | ==External links== | | ==External links== |
