Difference between revisions of "Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan" - New World Encyclopedia

From New World Encyclopedia
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'''Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan''' ([[Urdu]]: استاد نصرت فتح على خاں) (October 13, 1948 - August 16, 1997), was a [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] musician, idolized internationally as a prodigy of ''[[Qawwali]]'', the devotional [[Sufi]] musical art form that goes back some 700 years. Ustad Nusrat is credited with taking the tradition to the international stage and garnering the respect of a new generation of Qawwali lovers that reaches far beyond the Islamic world.  
+
'''Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan''' ([[Urdu]]: استاد نصرت فتح على خاں) (October 13, 1948 - August 16, 1997), was a [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] musician, idolized internationally as a prodigy of ''[[Qawwali]]'', the devotional [[Sufi]] musical art form that dates back some 700 years. Known as the Bob Marley of Pakistan, or the Elvis of the East, Ustad Nusrat is credited with taking the tradition to the international stage and garnering the respect of a new generation of Qawwali lovers that reached far beyond the Islamic world. According to the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'', Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan holds the world record for the largest recorded output by a Qawwali artist: a total of 125 albums.
  
 
[[Image:pakistantv.jpg|frame|Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (second from left, with hands raised) on Pakistani TV (circa 1983)]]
 
[[Image:pakistantv.jpg|frame|Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (second from left, with hands raised) on Pakistani TV (circa 1983)]]
Line 20: Line 20:
 
From there, it was a inevitable progression into the airwaves of the greater Indian subcontinent. His incredible voice and total mastery of the genre exalted him to superstar status over the next decade within this region, and by the 1980's Nusrat was on constant tour establishing a global presence.
 
From there, it was a inevitable progression into the airwaves of the greater Indian subcontinent. His incredible voice and total mastery of the genre exalted him to superstar status over the next decade within this region, and by the 1980's Nusrat was on constant tour establishing a global presence.
  
 +
In the 1990's, Nusrat began reaching out more to Western audiences with a couple of fusion records produced by Canadian guitarist [[Michael Brook]]. In 1995, he collaborated with [[Eddie Vedder]] on the [[soundtrack]] to ''[[Dead Man Walking]]''.  His contribution to that and several other soundtracks and albums (including ''[[The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|The Last Temptation of Christ]]'' and ''[[Natural Born Killers]]''), as well as his friendship with [[Peter Gabriel]], helped to increase his popularity in [[Europe]] and the [[United States]]. Peter Gabriel's [[Real World]] label released five albums of Nusrat's traditional Qawwali performances in the West, as well as albums of his experimental work, including [[Mustt Mustt]] and [[Star Rise]].  He also performed traditional Qawwali live to Western audiences during this time at several [[WOMAD]] world music festivals.
  
 +
As his success continued to grow, Nusrat was sometimes criticized of working too hard, as he was unceasingly traveling and recording new material, and for not taking good care of his health. He had a diabetic condition that worsened through the late 90's and so it was advised that Nusrat from then on travel with an accompanying physician to keep his diet and work load in check.
  
−
He reached out to Western audiences with a couple of fusion records produced by Canadian guitarist [[Michael Brook]]. In 1995, he collaborated with [[Eddie Vedder]] on the [[soundtrack]] to ''[[Dead Man Walking]]''.  His contribution to that and several other soundtracks and albums (including ''[[The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|The Last Temptation of Christ]]'' and ''[[Natural Born Killers]]''), as well as his friendship with [[Peter Gabriel]], helped to increase his popularity in [[Europe]] and the [[United States]]. Peter Gabriel's [[Real World]] label released five albums of Nusrat's traditional Qawwali performances in the West.  Real World also released albums of his experimental work, including [[Mustt Mustt]] (which features a slap bass technique) and [[Star Rise]].  He also performed traditional Qawwali live to Western audiences at several [[WOMAD]] world music festivals.
+
Despite his efforts to restore his failing health, Nusrat was taken ill with kidney and liver failure on Monday, August 11 1997 in [[London]], [[England]] while on the way to [[Los Angeles]] from [[Lahore]] to receive a [[kidney transplant]]. While still at [[Cromwell Hospital]], Nusrat died of a sudden [[cardiac arrest]] on Saturday, August 16, 1997, at the age of 48. His body was then transported back to [[Faisalabad]], [[Pakistan]] where thousands of distraught people attended his funeral and burial procession.
  
−
Nusrat provided vocals for [[The Prayer Cycle]] put together by [[Jonathan Elias]], but died before the vocals could be completed. [[Alanis Morissette]] was brought in to sing with his unfinished vocals.
 
−
 
−
Apparently, when Nusrat toured in foreign countries, he would watch television commercials in order to identify the melodies and [[chord progressions]] popular in that country. He would then try to choose similar sounding songs from his repertoire for his performances.
 
−
 
−
Nusrat contributed songs to, and performed in, several Pakistani movies.  Shortly before his death, he also recorded two songs for a [[Bollywood]] movie, [[Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya]], in which he also appeared.
 
−
 
−
According to the ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'', Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan holds the world record for the largest recorded output by a Qawwali artist—a total of 125 albums.
 
−
 
−
Nusrat was taken ill with kidney and liver failure on Monday, August 11 1997 in [[London]], [[England]] while on the way to [[Los Angeles]] from [[Lahore]] to receive a [[kidney transplant]]. He was due to perform in a live concert later in August. While still at [[Cromwell Hospital]], Nusrat died of a sudden [[cardiac arrest]] on Saturday, August 16, 1997, aged 48. His body was then transported back to [[Faisalabad]], [[Pakistan]] where thousands of distraught people attended his funeral and burial procession.
 
  
 
==Nusrat's style of Qawwali==
 
==Nusrat's style of Qawwali==
−
Nusrat is responsible for the modern evolution of qawwali. Although not the first to do so, he popularized the blending of [[khayal]] singing and techniques with qawwali. This in short took the form of improvised solos during the songs using the [[sargam]] technique, in which the performer sings the names of the notes he is singing (for example, in western notation it would be "do re mi"). He also attempted to blend qawwali music with more western styles such as [[Techno music|techno]].
 
  
−
Nusrat's qawwali songs usually follow the standard form. A song begins with a short instrumental prelude played on the [[harmonium]] and [[tabla]]. Then the instruments stop, and the main singers (but not the chorus) launch into the [[alap]], which establishes the [[raga]], the tonal structure of the song. At this point, introductory poetic verses are sung.  These are usually drawn not from the main song, but from other thematically related songs. The melody is improvised within the structure of the raga.
+
Singing in Urdu and his native Punjabi, as well as Persian, and blending traditional stylings with a vast array of outside textures, Nusrat is much credited for the modern evolution of Qawwali. Although not the first to do so, he popularized the blending of [[khayal]] singing and techniques with Qawwali; this in short took the form of improvised solos during the songs using the [[sargam]] technique, in which the performer sings the names of the notes he is singing.  
  
−
After the introductory verses, the main song starts, and the rhythmic portion of the song begins. The tabla and [[dholak]] begin to play, and the chorus aids and abets percussion by clapping their hands. The song proceeds in a call and response format.  The same song may be sung quite differently by different groups.  The lyrics will be essentially the same, but the melody can differ depending on which [[gharana]] or lineage the group belongs to. As is traditional in qawwali, Nusrat and the side-singers will interject alap solos ([[media:<!--nusrat alap solos.ogg|listen here]]—>), and fragments of other poems or even improvised lyrics ([[media:<!--nusrat chantsolo.ogg|listen here]]—>). A song usually has two or three sets of refrains, which can be compared to the verse chorus structure found in western music. Songs last about 20 minutes on average, with a few lasting an hour or more.
+
Despite Nusrat's unique style, his songs usually did not deviate too far from the art form's standard template. The normal structure of a Qawwali song begins with a short instrumental prelude played on the [[harmonium]] and [[tabla]]. Then the instruments stop, and the main singers (but not the chorus) launch into the [[alap]], which establishes the [[raga]], or the tonal structure of the song. At this point, introductory poetic verses are sung. These are usually drawn not from the main song, but from other thematically related songs. The melody is then improvised within the structure of the raga. This improvisation has been explained as the improviser acting as a direct vessel, or channel, of the spiritual realm.  
  
−
Nusrat was noted for introducing other forms of improvisation into the style. From his classical music training, he would interject much more complex alap improvisations, with more vibrato and note bending. He would also interject [[sargam]] improvisations ([[media:allah muhumad char yaar.ogg|listen here]]).
+
After the introductory verses, the rhythmic portion of the song begins. The tabla and [[dholak]] begin to play, and the chorus aids and abets the percussion by clapping their hands. From there, the song proceeds in a call and response format. This loose, though structured format, explains why the same song may be sung quite differently by different groups though still maintain its base essence. The lyrics will be essentially the same, but the melody can differ depending on which [[gharana]] or lineage the group belongs to. As is custom in the Qawwali form, Nusrat and the side-singers will interject alap solos ([[media:<!--nusrat alap solos.ogg|listen here]]—>), and fragments of other poems or even improvised lyrics ([[media:<!--nusrat chantsolo.ogg|listen here]]—>). A song usually has two or three sets of refrains, which can be compared to the verse-chorus structure found in western music. Songs last about 20 minutes on average, with some lasting an hour or even more.
  
−
While it is undoubtedly difficult to put into words what makes Nusrat's music appeal so deeply to so many listeners, many of whom do not understand a single word of the languages he sings in, here is one fan's attempt to explain: "Nusrat's music invites us to eavesdrop on a man communing with his God, ever so eloquently. He makes the act of singing a passionate offering to God. But we do not merely eavesdrop. The deepest part of Nusrat's magic lies in the fact that he is able to bring our hearts to resonate with the music, so deeply, that we ourselves become full partners in that offering.  He sings to God, and by listening, we also sing to God."
+
Nusrat was noted for introducing other forms of improvisation into the standard style. From his classical music training, he would interject much more complex alap improvisations, with more vibrato and note bending. His interjection of [[sargam]] improvisations ([[media:allah muhumad char yaar.ogg|listen here]]) was also quite unique.
  
  
 +
==Tributes==
  
−
==Tributes==
+
[[Eddie Vedder]], of [[Pearl Jam]], is quoted as saying, "I was lucky to work with Nusrat, a true musician who won't be replaced in my life. There was definitely a spiritual element in his music." Vedder also incorporated 'Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan' into the lyrics of his song 'Wishlist' during the '98 Yield tour in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]].
−
[[Eddie Vedder]] said, "I was lucky to work with Nusrat, a true musician who won't be replaced in my life. There was definitely a spiritual element in his music." Eddie Vedder also incorporated 'Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan' into the lyrics of 'Wishlist' during the 98' Yield tour in Melbourne, Australia.
 
  
−
The late American rock singer [[Jeff Buckley]] paid his tribute to Nusrat on the album, Live at Sin-é.  In his introduction, he states, "Nusrat, he's my Elvis," before performing the song "Yeh Jo Halka Halka Saroor Hai." The recording generated interest among the audience who were previously unaware of his music. He also stated in an interview, "I idolize Nusrat, he's a god too."  Buckley died in May 1997 in Memphis, Tennessee, 3 months before Nusrat. In addition, Nusrat's posthumously released The Supreme Collection Vol.1 has liner notes written by Buckley, to whom this album is dedicated.
+
The late American rock singer [[Jeff Buckley]] paid his tribute to Nusrat on the album, ''Live at Sin-é''.  In his introduction, he states, "Nusrat, he's my Elvis," before performing the song "Yeh Jo Halka Halka Saroor Hai." The recording generated interest among the audience who were previously unaware of his music. He also stated in an interview, "I idolize Nusrat, he's a god, too."  Buckley died in May 1997 in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], three months before Nusrat. In addition, Nusrat's posthumously released ''The Supreme Collection Vol.1'' has liner notes written by Buckley, to whom the album was dedicated.
  
−
In 2005, a tribute band called, Brook's Qawwali Party was formed in New York, by percussionist Brook Martinez to perform the music of Nusrat.
+
In 2005, a tribute band called, Brook's Qawwali Party was formed in New York, by percussionist Brook Martinez. The 11-piece outfit still performs mostly instrumental [[jazz]] versions of Nusrat's pieces using the instruments conventionally associated with jazz like saxophones, trombone, trumpet, electric guitar, double bass, djembe, drum set, and percussion rather than those used with traditional Qawwali.
−
The 11 piece group still performs mostly instrumental jazz versions of Nusrat's qawwalis using the instruments conventionally associated with jazz like saxophones, trombone, trumpet, electric guitar, double bass, djembe, drum set, and percussion rather than those with qawwali.
 
  
−
SPIN magazine lists Nusrat as one of the 50 most influential artists of music in 1998.
+
[[SPIN]] magazine listed Nusrat as one of the 50 most influential artists in music for 1998.
 
   
 
   
−
TIME magazine's issue of November 6, 2006, "60 Years of Asian Heroes," lists Nusrat as one of the top 12 Artists and Thinkers in the last 60 years (see [http://www.time.com/time/asia/2006/heroes/at_khan.html article]).
+
[[TIME]] magazine's issue of November 6, 2006, "60 Years of Asian Heroes," lists Nusrat as one of the top 12 artists and thinkers in the last 60 years (see [http://www.time.com/time/asia/2006/heroes/at_khan.html article]).
 +
 
 +
The [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] wrote a tribute song for Nusrat, called "Circle of the Noose" though it has never been released. 
  
−
The [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] wrote a tribute song about Nusrat, called "Circle of the Noose." It has never been released.  Justin Timberlake also wrote a tribute song about Nusrat , called "You're Gone." This song is also unreleased.
+
Justin Timberlake, of 'N Sync also wrote an unreleased tribute song for Nusrat, called "You're Gone."  
  
 
==Films==
 
==Films==
 +
 
===Documentaries===
 
===Documentaries===
 +
 
'' Nusrat has Left the Building... But When?'' (1997).  Directed by Farjad Nabi.  (This 20-minute [[docudrama]] focuses on Nusrat's early career.)
 
'' Nusrat has Left the Building... But When?'' (1997).  Directed by Farjad Nabi.  (This 20-minute [[docudrama]] focuses on Nusrat's early career.)
 
''A Voice from Heaven'' (1999).  Directed by Giuseppe Asaro.  (This 75-minute documentary, available on VHS and DVD, provides an excellent introduction to Nusrat's life and work.)
 
''A Voice from Heaven'' (1999).  Directed by Giuseppe Asaro.  (This 75-minute documentary, available on VHS and DVD, provides an excellent introduction to Nusrat's life and work.)
  
 
===Concert films===
 
===Concert films===
 +
 
*''The JVC Video Anthology of World Music and Dance'' (1990). Video 14 (of 30) (South Asia IV). Produced by Ichikawa Katsumori; directed by Nakagawa Kunikiko and Ichihashi Yuji; in collaboration with the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka. [Tokyo]: JVC, Victor Company of Japan; Cambridge, Massachusetts: distributed by Rounder Records. Features a studio performance by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Party (two Urdu-language songs: a Hamd (song in praise of Allah), and a Manqabat for [[Moinuddin Chishti|Khwaja Mu`inuddin Chishti]], a 13th century Sufi saint. Filmed in Tokyo, Japan, September 20, 1987, for Asian Traditional Performing Arts).
 
*''The JVC Video Anthology of World Music and Dance'' (1990). Video 14 (of 30) (South Asia IV). Produced by Ichikawa Katsumori; directed by Nakagawa Kunikiko and Ichihashi Yuji; in collaboration with the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka. [Tokyo]: JVC, Victor Company of Japan; Cambridge, Massachusetts: distributed by Rounder Records. Features a studio performance by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Party (two Urdu-language songs: a Hamd (song in praise of Allah), and a Manqabat for [[Moinuddin Chishti|Khwaja Mu`inuddin Chishti]], a 13th century Sufi saint. Filmed in Tokyo, Japan, September 20, 1987, for Asian Traditional Performing Arts).
 
*''Nusrat! Live at Meany'' (1998). Produced by the University of Washington. (87-minute document of a January 23 1993 concert at Meany Hall, University of Washington in Seattle, during Nusrat's residency at the Ethnomusicology Program there.)
 
*''Nusrat! Live at Meany'' (1998). Produced by the University of Washington. (87-minute document of a January 23 1993 concert at Meany Hall, University of Washington in Seattle, during Nusrat's residency at the Ethnomusicology Program there.)
Line 77: Line 73:
  
 
==Composition of Nusrat's Qawwali Party==
 
==Composition of Nusrat's Qawwali Party==
 +
 
The composition of Nusrat's party changed many times over the 26 years that he led the party.  Two members who remained from the beginning to the end were Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan and Dildar Hussain.  Listed below is a snapshot of the party on an unknown date, but probably circa 1983:
 
The composition of Nusrat's party changed many times over the 26 years that he led the party.  Two members who remained from the beginning to the end were Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan and Dildar Hussain.  Listed below is a snapshot of the party on an unknown date, but probably circa 1983:
  
Line 94: Line 91:
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
−
{{External links}}
+
 
 
*[http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/nusratfatehalikhannfakclub Yahoo discussion group dedicated to Nusrat and his music] (includes photographs, lyrics, translations, song lists)
 
*[http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/nusratfatehalikhannfakclub Yahoo discussion group dedicated to Nusrat and his music] (includes photographs, lyrics, translations, song lists)
 
*[http://www.nusratforever.com/ Fan site with photos, lyrics, articles (nusratforever.com)]
 
*[http://www.nusratforever.com/ Fan site with photos, lyrics, articles (nusratforever.com)]
Line 103: Line 100:
 
*[http://www.pakville.com/nusrat/ A collection of Nusrat's lyrics with English translations. (www.pakville.com/nusrat/)]
 
*[http://www.pakville.com/nusrat/ A collection of Nusrat's lyrics with English translations. (www.pakville.com/nusrat/)]
  
−
==See also==
+
==References==
−
*[[Music of Pakistan]]
 
−
*[[List of Pakistani musicians]]
 
−
*[[Mast Qalandar]]
 
−
*[[Afreen Afreen]]
 
−
 
 
−
{{wikiquote}}
 
−
 
 
−
==Bibliography==
 
  
 
* Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali; Asaro, Giuseppi (Director, Producer); & Sforza, Alessandro (Producer). (2001). ''A voice from heaven: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the most beautiful voice in the world'' [DVD]. New York, NY: Winstar TV & Video. ISBN 0794201253.
 
* Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali; Asaro, Giuseppi (Director, Producer); & Sforza, Alessandro (Producer). (2001). ''A voice from heaven: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the most beautiful voice in the world'' [DVD]. New York, NY: Winstar TV & Video. ISBN 0794201253.

Revision as of 12:57, 16 May 2007

Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu: استاد نصرت فتح على خاں) (October 13, 1948 - August 16, 1997), was a Pakistani musician, idolized internationally as a prodigy of Qawwali, the devotional Sufi musical art form that dates back some 700 years. Known as the Bob Marley of Pakistan, or the Elvis of the East, Ustad Nusrat is credited with taking the tradition to the international stage and garnering the respect of a new generation of Qawwali lovers that reached far beyond the Islamic world. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan holds the world record for the largest recorded output by a Qawwali artist: a total of 125 albums.

File:Pakistantv.jpg
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (second from left, with hands raised) on Pakistani TV (circa 1983)

Qawwali is traditionally an artistry passed down through a lineage, as is the case for Nusrat whose family (originally from Afghanistan), has an unbroken tradition of performing Qawwali for the last 600 years. Ustad Nusrat became the leader of his family Qawwali party in 1971, a position that was then inherited by his nephew, Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the son of Nusrat's younger brother Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan, after his untimely death in 1997.

Dubbed by the community, Shahenshah-e-Qawwali, meaning "The Emperor of Qawwals", Nusrat's legacy, and that of his ancestors, continues to enchant the world today through his 50-plus albums in circulation, as well as his gifted progeny who seem fated to carry the torch for many years to come.

Life and career

Nusrat and his only brother Farrukh were born in Faisalabad, Punjab to Ustad Fateh Ali Khan, a distinguished musicologist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and skilled Qawwali performer. Initially, his father did not want his sons to follow him into the Qawwali business. He had his heart set on them choosing much more respectable career paths, such as doctors, because he was concerned about the low social status that most Qawwali artists held. However, Nusrat showed such an aptitude for, and interest in, the tradition that his father eventually relented and began to train him in the technique.

However, Ustad Fateh Ali Khan died unexpectedly in 1964, while Nusrat was still in school, and so the training was continued by Nusrat's paternal uncle, Ustad Mubarak Ali Khan. Ten days after his father's death, Nusrat had a dream where his father came to him and told him to sing, touching his throat. Nusrat woke up singing, and was so moved by the dream that he decided then that he would make Qawwali music his career. His first public performance was at his father's funeral ceremony forty days later.

Under the guidance of his uncle, Nusrat soon advanced to become the leader of his family's party, and so in 1971 the covey Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Mujahid Mubarak Ali Khan & Party was born. Nusrat's first public performance as leader of the family Qawwali group was in March 1971, at an annual music festival organized by Radio Pakistan. Though off to a promising start, it would still take Nusrat several more years to perfect his craft and emerge from the shadow of the leading rival Qawwals at that time.

Not long after, Nusrat scored his first hit with the song "Haq Ali Ali." The track was performed in a traditional style and with the standard instrumentation, and featured only sparse use of Nusrat's innovative sargam improvisations. Nevertheless the song became a major hit, as many listeners were immediately impressed by Nusrat's accomplished timbreand the overall ethereal quality of his voice.

From there, it was a inevitable progression into the airwaves of the greater Indian subcontinent. His incredible voice and total mastery of the genre exalted him to superstar status over the next decade within this region, and by the 1980's Nusrat was on constant tour establishing a global presence.

In the 1990's, Nusrat began reaching out more to Western audiences with a couple of fusion records produced by Canadian guitarist Michael Brook. In 1995, he collaborated with Eddie Vedder on the soundtrack to Dead Man Walking. His contribution to that and several other soundtracks and albums (including The Last Temptation of Christ and Natural Born Killers), as well as his friendship with Peter Gabriel, helped to increase his popularity in Europe and the United States. Peter Gabriel's Real World label released five albums of Nusrat's traditional Qawwali performances in the West, as well as albums of his experimental work, including Mustt Mustt and Star Rise. He also performed traditional Qawwali live to Western audiences during this time at several WOMAD world music festivals.

As his success continued to grow, Nusrat was sometimes criticized of working too hard, as he was unceasingly traveling and recording new material, and for not taking good care of his health. He had a diabetic condition that worsened through the late 90's and so it was advised that Nusrat from then on travel with an accompanying physician to keep his diet and work load in check.

Despite his efforts to restore his failing health, Nusrat was taken ill with kidney and liver failure on Monday, August 11 1997 in London, England while on the way to Los Angeles from Lahore to receive a kidney transplant. While still at Cromwell Hospital, Nusrat died of a sudden cardiac arrest on Saturday, August 16, 1997, at the age of 48. His body was then transported back to Faisalabad, Pakistan where thousands of distraught people attended his funeral and burial procession.


Nusrat's style of Qawwali

Singing in Urdu and his native Punjabi, as well as Persian, and blending traditional stylings with a vast array of outside textures, Nusrat is much credited for the modern evolution of Qawwali. Although not the first to do so, he popularized the blending of khayal singing and techniques with Qawwali; this in short took the form of improvised solos during the songs using the sargam technique, in which the performer sings the names of the notes he is singing.

Despite Nusrat's unique style, his songs usually did not deviate too far from the art form's standard template. The normal structure of a Qawwali song begins with a short instrumental prelude played on the harmonium and tabla. Then the instruments stop, and the main singers (but not the chorus) launch into the alap, which establishes the raga, or the tonal structure of the song. At this point, introductory poetic verses are sung. These are usually drawn not from the main song, but from other thematically related songs. The melody is then improvised within the structure of the raga. This improvisation has been explained as the improviser acting as a direct vessel, or channel, of the spiritual realm.

After the introductory verses, the rhythmic portion of the song begins. The tabla and dholak begin to play, and the chorus aids and abets the percussion by clapping their hands. From there, the song proceeds in a call and response format. This loose, though structured format, explains why the same song may be sung quite differently by different groups though still maintain its base essence. The lyrics will be essentially the same, but the melody can differ depending on which gharana or lineage the group belongs to. As is custom in the Qawwali form, Nusrat and the side-singers will interject alap solos ([[media:), and fragments of other poems or even improvised lyrics ([[media:). A song usually has two or three sets of refrains, which can be compared to the verse-chorus structure found in western music. Songs last about 20 minutes on average, with some lasting an hour or even more.

Nusrat was noted for introducing other forms of improvisation into the standard style. From his classical music training, he would interject much more complex alap improvisations, with more vibrato and note bending. His interjection of sargam improvisations (listen here) was also quite unique.


Tributes

Eddie Vedder, of Pearl Jam, is quoted as saying, "I was lucky to work with Nusrat, a true musician who won't be replaced in my life. There was definitely a spiritual element in his music." Vedder also incorporated 'Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan' into the lyrics of his song 'Wishlist' during the '98 Yield tour in Melbourne, Australia.

The late American rock singer Jeff Buckley paid his tribute to Nusrat on the album, Live at Sin-é. In his introduction, he states, "Nusrat, he's my Elvis," before performing the song "Yeh Jo Halka Halka Saroor Hai." The recording generated interest among the audience who were previously unaware of his music. He also stated in an interview, "I idolize Nusrat, he's a god, too." Buckley died in May 1997 in Memphis, Tennessee, three months before Nusrat. In addition, Nusrat's posthumously released The Supreme Collection Vol.1 has liner notes written by Buckley, to whom the album was dedicated.

In 2005, a tribute band called, Brook's Qawwali Party was formed in New York, by percussionist Brook Martinez. The 11-piece outfit still performs mostly instrumental jazz versions of Nusrat's pieces using the instruments conventionally associated with jazz like saxophones, trombone, trumpet, electric guitar, double bass, djembe, drum set, and percussion rather than those used with traditional Qawwali.

SPIN magazine listed Nusrat as one of the 50 most influential artists in music for 1998.

TIME magazine's issue of November 6, 2006, "60 Years of Asian Heroes," lists Nusrat as one of the top 12 artists and thinkers in the last 60 years (see article).

The Red Hot Chili Peppers wrote a tribute song for Nusrat, called "Circle of the Noose" though it has never been released.

Justin Timberlake, of 'N Sync also wrote an unreleased tribute song for Nusrat, called "You're Gone."

Films

Documentaries

Nusrat has Left the Building... But When? (1997). Directed by Farjad Nabi. (This 20-minute docudrama focuses on Nusrat's early career.) A Voice from Heaven (1999). Directed by Giuseppe Asaro. (This 75-minute documentary, available on VHS and DVD, provides an excellent introduction to Nusrat's life and work.)

Concert films

  • The JVC Video Anthology of World Music and Dance (1990). Video 14 (of 30) (South Asia IV). Produced by Ichikawa Katsumori; directed by Nakagawa Kunikiko and Ichihashi Yuji; in collaboration with the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka. [Tokyo]: JVC, Victor Company of Japan; Cambridge, Massachusetts: distributed by Rounder Records. Features a studio performance by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Party (two Urdu-language songs: a Hamd (song in praise of Allah), and a Manqabat for Khwaja Mu`inuddin Chishti, a 13th century Sufi saint. Filmed in Tokyo, Japan, September 20, 1987, for Asian Traditional Performing Arts).
  • Nusrat! Live at Meany (1998). Produced by the University of Washington. (87-minute document of a January 23 1993 concert at Meany Hall, University of Washington in Seattle, during Nusrat's residency at the Ethnomusicology Program there.)
File:Nusratsimon&diamond remixes.jpg
  • Live in Concert in the U.K. (DVD, vols. 1-17) [OSA]; recorded between 1983 and 1993
  • Akhiyan Udeek Diyan (DVD) [Nupur Audio]
  • Je Tun Rab Nu Manauna (DVD) [Nupur Audio]
  • Yaadan Vicchre Sajan Diyan Aayiyan (DVD) [Nupur Audio]
  • Rang-e-Nusrat (DVD, vols. 1-11) [Music Today]; recorded between 1983 and 1993

Composition of Nusrat's Qawwali Party

The composition of Nusrat's party changed many times over the 26 years that he led the party. Two members who remained from the beginning to the end were Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan and Dildar Hussain. Listed below is a snapshot of the party on an unknown date, but probably circa 1983:

1) Mujahid Mubarak Ali Khan: Nusrat's first cousin, Vocals
2) Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan: Nusrat's brother, Vocals and Lead Harmonium
3) Rehmat Ali: Vocals and Second Harmonium
4) Maqsood Hussain: Vocals
5) Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: Nusrat's nephew, pupil singer
6) Dildar Hussain: Tabla
7) Majawar Abbas: Mandolin, Guitar
8) Mohammed Iqbal Naqbi: Chorus, secretary of the party
9) Asad Ali: Chorus
10) Ghulam Farid: Chorus
11) Kaukab Ali: Chorus

The one significant member of the party who does not appear on this list is Atta Fareed. For many years, he alternated with Rehmat Ali on Vocals and Second Harmonium. He is easily identifiable in videos since he plays the harmonium left-handed.

External links

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Khan, Nusrat Fateh Ali; Asaro, Giuseppi (Director, Producer); & Sforza, Alessandro (Producer). (2001). A voice from heaven: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, the most beautiful voice in the world [DVD]. New York, NY: Winstar TV & Video. ISBN 0794201253.
  • Ruby, Ahmed Aqeel. (1992). Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan: A living legend. (Sajjad Haider Malik, Trans.). Lahore: Words of Wisdom.

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