Monad

Monad is an English term meaning "one," "single," or "unit," especially in technical contexts. It comes from the Late Latin stem monad-, which comes from the Greek word monos or μονάς (from the word μόνος, which means "one", "single", or "unique"), and may refer to:

Monad (category theory), a type of functor in category theory.
Monads in functional programming, type constructors that are used in functional programming languages to capture various notions of sequential computation.
A monadic function or operator may be the same as a unary one, or one somehow having to do with either of the previous kinds of monad. Monadic predicate calculus is a form of logic based on unary operators.
Windows PowerShell, a command line interface for Microsoft Windows code-named "Monad".

Monad (music), a single note, as opposed to a dyad or trichord.

Philosophy

Monism, the metaphysical and theological view that all is of one essence, and this essence is sometimes called the monad.
Monad (Technocracy), the symbol of Technocracy Incorporated and the Technocratic movement.
Monadology, a book of philosophy by Gottfried Leibniz in which monads are a basic unit of perceptual reality
- Physical Monadology by Immanuel Kant also dealt with this topic.
In Hermetica, (a category of popular Late Antique literature purporting to contain secret wisdom) The Cup or Monad is one of the texts making up the Corpus Hermetica.
In Ancient philosophy the term can refer to:
- Monad (Epicurus), Epicurus described "monads" that were the smallest units of matter, much like Democritus's notion of an atom.
- Monad (symbol), For many others, including Pythagoras, Parmenides, Xenophanes, Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus, Monad was a term for God or the first being, or the totality of all beings. Monad being the source or the One meaning without division.
- Monad (Gnosticism), the most primal aspect of God in Gnosticism.
In early biology, the indivisible life essence, either the cell or nucleus.

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