Daguerre, Louis
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[[Image:Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre.jpg|thumb|250px|Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre]] | [[Image:Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre.jpg|thumb|250px|Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre]] | ||
| − | '''Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre''' (November 18, 1787 – July 10, 1851) was the [[France|French]] artist and chemist who is often credited with being the inventor of photography, and is recognized for his invention of the [[Daguerreotype]] process of [[photography]]. | + | '''Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre''' (November 18, 1787 – July 10, 1851) was the [[France|French]] artist and chemist who is often credited with being the inventor of photography, and is recognized for his invention of the [[Daguerreotype]] process of [[photography]]. Listed as one of the 100 most influentialin people [[history]] by Michael Hart (1992) there is little doubt that the impetus he gave to the development of photography helped to bring about changes in modern life. Not only do the non-elite possess the technology to record visual images of their lives and families, but the reporting of news and thus the discipline of [[history]] has also changed. Visual images now accompany verbal reporting and written accounts and often tell a story of their own. |
| + | ==biography== | ||
| + | He was born in [[Cormeilles-en-Parisis]]. At the age of 16, he was an assistant state deigner in a Paris theater, gaining a reputation for his use of light. Before long, he was lighting director for several theaters. From 1824,he experimented with making pictures, showing [[diorama]]s around France, England and Scotland. A few years after [[Nicéphore Niépce]] produced the world's first photograph, the two men started a four-year cooperation until Niépce's sudden death in 1833. Daguerre often made use of a Camera Obscura in his theater lighting and wanted to “fix” the image. | ||
| + | ===The Daguerreotype=== | ||
| + | After years of experiments, he developed a technique to develop images. In 1835. he put a plate exposed in the Camera Obscura into a chemical cupboard. Some time later, when he took the plate out of the cupboard, he found that an image had developed. Looking into the cupboard, he reached the conclusion that this had been caused mercury vapour from a broken thermometer. The know knew that an image could be developed, but he did not know how to fix this image. Experimentation succeeded in reducing the time it took for the image to develop, which he reduced from eight hours to thirty minutes. Finally, in 1837 he perfected the fixing process, which he called the Daguerreotype. | ||
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| − | + | In 1839, he announced the latest perfection of the Daguerreotype, with the [[French Academy of Sciences]] announcing the process on January 9 of that year. Daguerre's [[patent]] was acquired by the French Government, and, on August 19, 1839, the French Government announced the invention was a gift "Free to the World." However, Daguerre himself registered the patent for England on August 12, which greatly slowed the development of photography in Great Britain. [[Antoine François Jean Claudet|Antoine Claudet]] was one of the few people legally able to take daguerreotypes there. | |
| + | The Daguerreotype works by exposing images directly onto a mirror-polished, coper plate coated with silver halide particles deposited by iodine vapor. | ||
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| + | ==Death== | ||
Daguerre died on July 10, 1851 in [[Bry-sur-Marne]], 12 km from [[Paris]]. A fine monument marks his grave there. | Daguerre died on July 10, 1851 in [[Bry-sur-Marne]], 12 km from [[Paris]]. A fine monument marks his grave there. | ||
| + | ==Legacy== | ||
| + | Enthusiasm for the process was not immediate. It was regarded as lacking skill and art, compared with portraiture or painting. The Daguerreotype process could only be used for portraits. A disadvantage, too, was inability to duplicate an image. Moving images could not be photographed, because due to the length of the process, anything in motion was simply not captured. Nonetheless, as photography developed, so did the media’s ability to illustrate events with images, which soon emerged as important components of news reporting, of journalism and of communication generally. The invention of photography has enabled events and history to be recorded visually as well as in print. Many important events have been recorded. Portraiture had limited preservation of family and of self-images to those who could afford to employ an artist. Now, the non-elite as well as the elite possess “images”, and can preserve a visual record of their lives and achievements. | ||
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| + | ==Refefences== | ||
| + | * McLeese, Don. Louis Daguerre Discover the Life of an Inventor. Discover the life of an inventor. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Pub, 2006 ISBN 9781595154323 | ||
| + | * Gernsheim, Helmut, and Alison Gernsheim. L.J.M. Daguerre; The History of the Diorama and the Daguerreotype. New York: Dover Publications, 1968 ISBN 9780486222905 | ||
| + | * Hart, Michael H. The 100 A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. Secausus, N.J.: Carol Pub. Group, 1992 ISBN 9780806513508 | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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{{credit|42406956}} | {{credit|42406956}} | ||
Revision as of 21:59, 15 October 2007
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (November 18, 1787 – July 10, 1851) was the French artist and chemist who is often credited with being the inventor of photography, and is recognized for his invention of the Daguerreotype process of photography. Listed as one of the 100 most influentialin people history by Michael Hart (1992) there is little doubt that the impetus he gave to the development of photography helped to bring about changes in modern life. Not only do the non-elite possess the technology to record visual images of their lives and families, but the reporting of news and thus the discipline of history has also changed. Visual images now accompany verbal reporting and written accounts and often tell a story of their own.
biography
He was born in Cormeilles-en-Parisis. At the age of 16, he was an assistant state deigner in a Paris theater, gaining a reputation for his use of light. Before long, he was lighting director for several theaters. From 1824,he experimented with making pictures, showing dioramas around France, England and Scotland. A few years after Nicéphore Niépce produced the world's first photograph, the two men started a four-year cooperation until Niépce's sudden death in 1833. Daguerre often made use of a Camera Obscura in his theater lighting and wanted to “fix” the image.
The Daguerreotype
After years of experiments, he developed a technique to develop images. In 1835. he put a plate exposed in the Camera Obscura into a chemical cupboard. Some time later, when he took the plate out of the cupboard, he found that an image had developed. Looking into the cupboard, he reached the conclusion that this had been caused mercury vapour from a broken thermometer. The know knew that an image could be developed, but he did not know how to fix this image. Experimentation succeeded in reducing the time it took for the image to develop, which he reduced from eight hours to thirty minutes. Finally, in 1837 he perfected the fixing process, which he called the Daguerreotype.
In 1839, he announced the latest perfection of the Daguerreotype, with the French Academy of Sciences announcing the process on January 9 of that year. Daguerre's patent was acquired by the French Government, and, on August 19, 1839, the French Government announced the invention was a gift "Free to the World." However, Daguerre himself registered the patent for England on August 12, which greatly slowed the development of photography in Great Britain. Antoine Claudet was one of the few people legally able to take daguerreotypes there.
The Daguerreotype works by exposing images directly onto a mirror-polished, coper plate coated with silver halide particles deposited by iodine vapor.
Death
Daguerre died on July 10, 1851 in Bry-sur-Marne, 12 km from Paris. A fine monument marks his grave there.
Legacy
Enthusiasm for the process was not immediate. It was regarded as lacking skill and art, compared with portraiture or painting. The Daguerreotype process could only be used for portraits. A disadvantage, too, was inability to duplicate an image. Moving images could not be photographed, because due to the length of the process, anything in motion was simply not captured. Nonetheless, as photography developed, so did the media’s ability to illustrate events with images, which soon emerged as important components of news reporting, of journalism and of communication generally. The invention of photography has enabled events and history to be recorded visually as well as in print. Many important events have been recorded. Portraiture had limited preservation of family and of self-images to those who could afford to employ an artist. Now, the non-elite as well as the elite possess “images”, and can preserve a visual record of their lives and achievements.
Refefences
- McLeese, Don. Louis Daguerre Discover the Life of an Inventor. Discover the life of an inventor. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Pub, 2006 ISBN 9781595154323
- Gernsheim, Helmut, and Alison Gernsheim. L.J.M. Daguerre; The History of the Diorama and the Daguerreotype. New York: Dover Publications, 1968 ISBN 9780486222905
- Hart, Michael H. The 100 A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. Secausus, N.J.: Carol Pub. Group, 1992 ISBN 9780806513508
External links
- Works by Louis Daguerre. Project Gutenberg
- The Ruins of Holyrood Chapel by Louis Daguerre
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