Tenniel, John
Lauren Davis (talk | contribs) m (image) |
Rosie Tanabe (talk | contribs) |
||
| (12 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{Copyedited}}{{Images OK}}{{Submitted}}{{Approved}}{{Paid}} |
[[Category:Politics and social sciences]] | [[Category:Politics and social sciences]] | ||
[[Category:Media Professionals]] | [[Category:Media Professionals]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Biography]] | |
{{epname|Tenniel, John}} | {{epname|Tenniel, John}} | ||
[[Image:John_Tenniel.png|thumb|right|200px|1889 Self-portrait]] | [[Image:John_Tenniel.png|thumb|right|200px|1889 Self-portrait]] | ||
| − | '''Sir John Tenniel''' (February 28, 1820 – February 25, 1914) was an [[England|English]] [[illustrator]] and [[ | + | '''Sir John Tenniel''' (February 28, 1820 – February 25, 1914) was an [[England|English]] [[illustration|illustrator]] and [[cartoon]]ist. He drew many topical, humorous and political cartoons and [[caricature]]s for ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' in the late nineteenth century, including the iconic ''[[Dropping the Pilot]]''. His work added a new level of dignity and polish to the genre. |
| − | + | {{toc}} | |
| − | He drew many topical | + | Tenniel is best remembered today for his [[illustration]]s in [[Lewis Carroll]]'s ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'' and ''[[Through the Looking-Glass]]''. These illustrations added a wonderful and subtle imagery that enhanced the text, bringing to life the surreal storytelling, wordplay, and pure humor in Carroll's imaginative works. His art thus contributed to the entertainment and [[education]] of children and adults throughout the world, bringing great joy and happiness, in ways that have remained deeply embedded in modern [[culture]]. |
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
[[Image:Tenniel_sig.png|right|thumb|Tenniel's signature]] | [[Image:Tenniel_sig.png|right|thumb|Tenniel's signature]] | ||
| − | John Tenniel was born in [[London]] and educated himself for a career in art, although he became a probationer and, later, a student of the [[Royal Academy]]. The symmetry and preciseness of his | + | John Tenniel was born on February 28, 1820, in [[London]] and educated himself for a career in [[art]], although he became a probationer and, later, a student of the [[Royal Academy]]. The symmetry and preciseness of his [[drawing]]s could be attributed to years of coursework in statuary and human [[anatomy]].<ref>Gill Stoker, [http://www.alice-in-wonderland.net/school/alice1021.html "Tenniel's illustrations for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass"] Retrieved February 3, 2008.</ref> |
| − | Although he had a tendency towards | + | |
| + | Although he had a tendency towards [[fine art]], Tenniel was known and appreciated as a [[humor]]ist, and his early companionship with [[Charles Samuel Keene|Charles Keene]] fostered and developed his talent for scholarly [[caricature]]. Tenniel was blinded in one eye while [[fencing]] with his father in 1840. He had a [[photographic memory]] and did not use models or photographs to aid him in illustrating: | ||
| + | <blockquote>I carry out my work thus: I never use models or nature for the figure, drapery or anything else. But I have a wonderful memory of observation - not for dates, but anything I see I remember. Well, I get my subject on Wednesday night; I think it out carefully on Thursday, and make my rough sketch; on Friday morning I begin, and stick to it all day, with my nose well down on the block. By means of tracing-paper I transfer my design to the wood and draw on that.<ref name=tenniel>[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jtenniel.htm "John Tenniel"] Retrieved February 3, 2008.</ref></blockquote> | ||
| − | Tenniel | + | In 1836 Tenniel sent his first picture to the exhibition of the [[Society of British Artists]], and in 1845 he contributed a 16-foot [[cartoon]], ''An Allegory of Justice'', to a competition for designs for the [[mural]] decoration of the new [[Palace of Westminster]]. For this he received a £200 premium and a commission to paint a [[fresco]] in the Upper Waiting Hall (or Hall of Poets) in the [[House of Lords]]. |
| − | + | Tenniel had some cartoons accepted by ''[[Punch (magazine|Punch Magazine]]'' and when [[Richard Doyle]] left, [[Mark Lemon]], the editor of the magazine, decided to replace Doyle with Tenniel. In December of 1850, Tenniel became a staff cartoonist with ''Punch''. | |
| − | Because of Tenniel's support for the [[Conservative Party]] and the [[Marquis of Salisbury]], the Prime Minister decided to grant him [[knight|knighthood]]. Although the [[Liberal Party]] assumed power before Tenniel's knighthood could be announced, [[William Gladstone]], the new Prime Minister, authorized the honor.<ref | + | Because of Tenniel's support for the [[Conservative Party]] and the [[Marquis of Salisbury]], the Prime Minister decided to grant him [[knight|knighthood]]. Although the [[Liberal Party]] assumed power before Tenniel's knighthood could be announced, [[William Ewart Gladstone]], the new Prime Minister, authorized the honor.<ref name=tenniel/> |
| − | In 1901, [[Bernard Partridge]] replaced Tenniel as chief cartoonist for ''Punch''. | + | In 1901, [[Bernard Partridge]] replaced Tenniel as chief cartoonist for ''Punch''. John Tenniel died in 1914. |
| − | [[Image:Alice 05a-1116x1492.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Caterpillar using a [[hookah]]. An illustration from ''Alice in Wonderland'']] | + | [[Image:Alice 05a-1116x1492.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Caterpillar using a [[hookah]]. An illustration from ''Alice in Wonderland''.]] |
==Work== | ==Work== | ||
| + | [[Image:Alice par John Tenniel 25.png|thumb|200 px|This famous image from ''Alice in Wonderland'' depicts Alice, the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and the Dormouse at a tea party.]] | ||
| + | At Christmas 1850, [[Mark Lemon]] invited Tenniel to fill the position of joint [[cartoon]]ist (with [[John Leech]]) on ''Punch''. He had been selected on the strength of his illustrations to [[Aesop]]'s ''Fables''. He contributed his first drawing in the initial letter appearing on p. 224, vol. xix. His first cartoon was ''Lord Jack the Giant Killer'': It showed [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell|Lord John Russell]] assailing [[Nicholas Patrick Stephen Wiseman|Cardinal Wiseman]]. Although unsure over whether he could produce sufficiently humorous material as a cartoonist for ''Punch'', he was extremely successful. His work on political cartoons added a polished [[satire]] to the form, bringing it into the level of classic composition. | ||
| − | + | In 1865 Tenniel illustrated the first edition of [[Lewis Carroll]]'s ''Alice in Wonderland''. The first print run of 2,000 was shelved because Tenniel had objections over the print quality. A new edition, released in December of the same year but carrying an 1866 date, was quickly printed and became an instant best-seller, securing Tenniel's immortality in the process. Tenniel's illustrations for both ''Alice in Wonderland'' and ''Through the Looking-Glass'' have taken their place among the most famous literary illustrations ever made. They were used as a model for the costumes in [[Paramount Pictures]]' ''Alice in Wonderland''. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
| − | In his career, Tenniel contributed around 2,300 | + | [[Image:Jabberwocky creatures.jpg|thumb|right|200px|This illustration from ''Through the Looking Glass'' accompanied the poem "[[Jabberwocky]]".]] |
| + | In his career, Tenniel contributed around 2,300 [[cartoon]]s, innumerable minor drawings, double-page cartoons for ''Punch's Almanac'' and other special numbers, and 250 designs for ''Punch's Pocket-books''. After he retired in January 1901, he was honored with a farewell banquet (June 12), at which [[Arthur James Balfour|AJ Balfour]], then leader of the House of Commons, presided. | ||
| − | + | Beyond his cartoons, Tenniel's illustrations of numerous books also won him international fame and a place in history. His most significant contributions are the acclaimed illustrations to [[Lewis Carroll]]'s books, ''Alice in Wonderland'' and ''Through the Looking-Glass''. | |
| − | [[ | + | Public exhibitions of Tenniel's work were held in 1895 and 1900. Sir John Tenniel is also the author of one of the [[mosaic|mosaics]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]], in the South Court in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]. His highly stippled water-color drawings appeared from time to time in the exhibitions of the [[Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours]], of which he had been elected a member in 1874. |
===Works illustrated=== | ===Works illustrated=== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:John Tenniel - Punch - Ripper cartoon.png|thumb|right|200px|"The Nemesis of Neglect," 1888 ''Punch'' cartoon commenting on the [[Jack the Ripper]] murders.]] | |
| − | + | *''Juvenile Verse and Picture Book'' (1846) | |
| − | + | *''Undine'' (1846) | |
| − | + | *''Aesop's Fables'', 100 drawings (1848) | |
| − | + | *Blair's ''Grave'' (1858) | |
| − | + | *Shirley Brooks's ''The Gordian Knot'' (1860) | |
| − | + | *Shirley Brooks's ''The Silver Cord'' (1861) | |
| − | + | *Moore's ''Lalla Rookh'', 69 drawings (1861) | |
| − | + | *Lewis Carroll's ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (1866) | |
| − | + | *''The Mirage of Life'' (1867) | |
| − | + | *Lewis Carroll's ''Through the Looking-Glass'' (1870) | |
===In collaboration=== | ===In collaboration=== | ||
| − | * | + | *Pollok's ''Course of Time'' (1857) |
*''Poets of the Nineteenth Century'' (1857) | *''Poets of the Nineteenth Century'' (1857) | ||
| − | * | + | *Poe's ''Works'' (1857) |
*''Home Affections'' (1858) | *''Home Affections'' (1858) | ||
*Cholmondeley Pennell's ''Puck on Pegasus'' (1863) | *Cholmondeley Pennell's ''Puck on Pegasus'' (1863) | ||
| − | *'' | + | *''The Arabian Nights'' (1863) |
*''English Sacred Poetry'' (1864) | *''English Sacred Poetry'' (1864) | ||
*''Legends and Lyrics'' (1865) | *''Legends and Lyrics'' (1865) | ||
| − | * | + | *Martin Farquhar Tupper's ''Proverbial Philosophy'' |
| − | * | + | *Barry Cornwall's ''Poems'', and other books |
He also contributed to ''Once a Week'', the Art Union publications, etc. | He also contributed to ''Once a Week'', the Art Union publications, etc. | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 75: | Line 74: | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | * Engen, Rodney K. 1991. ''Sir John Tenniel: Alice's White Knight''. Scolar Press. ISBN 978-0859678728 | ||
| + | * Morris, Frankie. 2005. ''Artist of Wonderland: The Life, Political Cartoons, and Illustrations of Tenniel''. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813923437 | ||
| + | * Simpson, Roger. 1994. ''Sir John Tenniel: Aspects of His Work''. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0838634936 | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| + | All links retrieved August 3, 2022. | ||
* {{gutenberg author| id=John+Tenniel | name=John Tenniel}} | * {{gutenberg author| id=John+Tenniel | name=John Tenniel}} | ||
| − | + | * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/114 Tenniel's Illustrations for Alice in Wonderland] | |
* [http://www.alice-in-wonderland.net/alice1f.html More about John Tenniel and the making of the illustrations for the Alice in Wonderland books] | * [http://www.alice-in-wonderland.net/alice1f.html More about John Tenniel and the making of the illustrations for the Alice in Wonderland books] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
{{Credits|John_Tenniel|139887522|}} | {{Credits|John_Tenniel|139887522|}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:57, 3 August 2022
Sir John Tenniel (February 28, 1820 – February 25, 1914) was an English illustrator and cartoonist. He drew many topical, humorous and political cartoons and caricatures for Punch in the late nineteenth century, including the iconic Dropping the Pilot. His work added a new level of dignity and polish to the genre.
Tenniel is best remembered today for his illustrations in Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. These illustrations added a wonderful and subtle imagery that enhanced the text, bringing to life the surreal storytelling, wordplay, and pure humor in Carroll's imaginative works. His art thus contributed to the entertainment and education of children and adults throughout the world, bringing great joy and happiness, in ways that have remained deeply embedded in modern culture.
Life
John Tenniel was born on February 28, 1820, in London and educated himself for a career in art, although he became a probationer and, later, a student of the Royal Academy. The symmetry and preciseness of his drawings could be attributed to years of coursework in statuary and human anatomy.[1]
Although he had a tendency towards fine art, Tenniel was known and appreciated as a humorist, and his early companionship with Charles Keene fostered and developed his talent for scholarly caricature. Tenniel was blinded in one eye while fencing with his father in 1840. He had a photographic memory and did not use models or photographs to aid him in illustrating:
I carry out my work thus: I never use models or nature for the figure, drapery or anything else. But I have a wonderful memory of observation - not for dates, but anything I see I remember. Well, I get my subject on Wednesday night; I think it out carefully on Thursday, and make my rough sketch; on Friday morning I begin, and stick to it all day, with my nose well down on the block. By means of tracing-paper I transfer my design to the wood and draw on that.[2]
In 1836 Tenniel sent his first picture to the exhibition of the Society of British Artists, and in 1845 he contributed a 16-foot cartoon, An Allegory of Justice, to a competition for designs for the mural decoration of the new Palace of Westminster. For this he received a £200 premium and a commission to paint a fresco in the Upper Waiting Hall (or Hall of Poets) in the House of Lords.
Tenniel had some cartoons accepted by Punch Magazine and when Richard Doyle left, Mark Lemon, the editor of the magazine, decided to replace Doyle with Tenniel. In December of 1850, Tenniel became a staff cartoonist with Punch.
Because of Tenniel's support for the Conservative Party and the Marquis of Salisbury, the Prime Minister decided to grant him knighthood. Although the Liberal Party assumed power before Tenniel's knighthood could be announced, William Ewart Gladstone, the new Prime Minister, authorized the honor.[2]
In 1901, Bernard Partridge replaced Tenniel as chief cartoonist for Punch. John Tenniel died in 1914.
Work
At Christmas 1850, Mark Lemon invited Tenniel to fill the position of joint cartoonist (with John Leech) on Punch. He had been selected on the strength of his illustrations to Aesop's Fables. He contributed his first drawing in the initial letter appearing on p. 224, vol. xix. His first cartoon was Lord Jack the Giant Killer: It showed Lord John Russell assailing Cardinal Wiseman. Although unsure over whether he could produce sufficiently humorous material as a cartoonist for Punch, he was extremely successful. His work on political cartoons added a polished satire to the form, bringing it into the level of classic composition.
In 1865 Tenniel illustrated the first edition of Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. The first print run of 2,000 was shelved because Tenniel had objections over the print quality. A new edition, released in December of the same year but carrying an 1866 date, was quickly printed and became an instant best-seller, securing Tenniel's immortality in the process. Tenniel's illustrations for both Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass have taken their place among the most famous literary illustrations ever made. They were used as a model for the costumes in Paramount Pictures' Alice in Wonderland.
Legacy
In his career, Tenniel contributed around 2,300 cartoons, innumerable minor drawings, double-page cartoons for Punch's Almanac and other special numbers, and 250 designs for Punch's Pocket-books. After he retired in January 1901, he was honored with a farewell banquet (June 12), at which AJ Balfour, then leader of the House of Commons, presided.
Beyond his cartoons, Tenniel's illustrations of numerous books also won him international fame and a place in history. His most significant contributions are the acclaimed illustrations to Lewis Carroll's books, Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass.
Public exhibitions of Tenniel's work were held in 1895 and 1900. Sir John Tenniel is also the author of one of the mosaics, Leonardo da Vinci, in the South Court in the Victoria and Albert Museum. His highly stippled water-color drawings appeared from time to time in the exhibitions of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, of which he had been elected a member in 1874.
Works illustrated
- Juvenile Verse and Picture Book (1846)
- Undine (1846)
- Aesop's Fables, 100 drawings (1848)
- Blair's Grave (1858)
- Shirley Brooks's The Gordian Knot (1860)
- Shirley Brooks's The Silver Cord (1861)
- Moore's Lalla Rookh, 69 drawings (1861)
- Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1866)
- The Mirage of Life (1867)
- Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass (1870)
In collaboration
- Pollok's Course of Time (1857)
- Poets of the Nineteenth Century (1857)
- Poe's Works (1857)
- Home Affections (1858)
- Cholmondeley Pennell's Puck on Pegasus (1863)
- The Arabian Nights (1863)
- English Sacred Poetry (1864)
- Legends and Lyrics (1865)
- Martin Farquhar Tupper's Proverbial Philosophy
- Barry Cornwall's Poems, and other books
He also contributed to Once a Week, the Art Union publications, etc.
Notes
- ↑ Gill Stoker, "Tenniel's illustrations for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass" Retrieved February 3, 2008.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "John Tenniel" Retrieved February 3, 2008.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Engen, Rodney K. 1991. Sir John Tenniel: Alice's White Knight. Scolar Press. ISBN 978-0859678728
- Morris, Frankie. 2005. Artist of Wonderland: The Life, Political Cartoons, and Illustrations of Tenniel. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813923437
- Simpson, Roger. 1994. Sir John Tenniel: Aspects of His Work. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0838634936
External links
All links retrieved August 3, 2022.
- Works by John Tenniel. Project Gutenberg
- Tenniel's Illustrations for Alice in Wonderland
- More about John Tenniel and the making of the illustrations for the Alice in Wonderland books
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.
