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| − | {{Infobox British Royalty|majesty
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| − | | name =George V
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| − | | title =King of the United Kingdom and her<!--MEANING THE KINGDOM'S, NOT THE KING'S!--> dominions<br />beyond the Seas; Emperor of India
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| − | | image =George V of the united Kingdom.jpg
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| − | | imgw =214
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| − | | caption =King George V
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| − | | reign =6 May 1910–20 January 1936
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| − | | coronation =22 June 1911
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| − | | predecessor =[[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]
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| − | | successor =[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]]
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| − | | spouse =[[Mary of Teck]]
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| − | | issue = [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]], [[Duke of Windsor]]<br />[[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]]<br />[[Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|Mary, Princess Royal]]<br />[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester|Henry, Duke of Gloucester]]<br />[[Prince George, Duke of Kent|George, Duke of Kent]]<br />[[Prince John of the United Kingdom|Prince John]]
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| − | | full name =George Frederick Ernest Albert
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| − | | titles =''HM'' The King<br/>''HRH'' The Prince of Wales<br />''HRH'' The Duke of Cornwall<br />''HRH'' The Duke of York<br />''HRH'' Prince George of Wales
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| − | | royal house =[[House of Windsor]]<br />[[House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]
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| − | | royal anthem =[[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]]
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| − | | father =[[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]
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| − | | mother =[[Alexandra of Denmark]]
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| − | | date of birth ={{birth date|1865|6|3|df=y}}
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| − | | place of birth =[[Marlborough House]], [[London]]
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| − | | date of christening =7 July 1865
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| − | | place of christening =[[Windsor Castle]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]
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| − | | date of death ={{Death date and age|1936|1|20|1865|6|3|df=yes}}
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| − | | place of death =[[Sandringham House]], [[Norfolk]]
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| − | | date of burial =29 January 1936
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| − | | place of burial =[[St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]], [[Windsor Castle|Windsor]]
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| − | |}}<!--A discussion on Wikipedia produced an overwhelming consensus to end the 'style wars' by replacing styles at the start by a style infobox later in the text. It is now installed below.—>
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| − | '''George V''' (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first [[British monarch]] belonging to the [[House of Windsor]], which he created from the British branch of the German [[House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]. George was [[British monarchy|King]] of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and the other [[Commonwealth Realm]]s, as well as the [[Emperor of India]] and the first [[King of Ireland#Irish Free State|King]] of the [[Irish Free State]]. George reigned from 6 May 1910 through [[World War I]] (1914–1918) until his death in 1936.
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| − | From the age of 12 George served in the [[Royal Navy]], but upon the unexpected death of his elder brother, [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence]], he became heir to the throne and married his brother's fiancée, [[Mary of Teck]] known as May to her family after the month of her birth. Although they occasionally toured the [[British Empire]], George preferred to stay at home with his stamp collection, and lived what later biographers would consider a dull life because of its conventionality.
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| − | When George's father, King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]] died in 1910, he became King-Emperor. He was the only [[Emperor of India]] to be crowned [[India|there]]. During [[World War I]] he relinquished all [[Germany|German]] titles and styles on behalf of his relatives who were British subjects; and changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor. During his reign, the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] separated the crown so that George ruled the [[dominion]]s as separate kingdoms, during which the rise of [[socialism]], [[fascism]] and [[Irish republicanism]] changed the political spectrum.
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| − | George was plagued by illness throughout much of his later reign; he was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward]], upon his death.
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| − | ==Early life and education==
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| − | George was born on 3 June 1865, at [[Marlborough House]], [[London]]. His father was [[Prince of Wales|The Prince of Wales]] (later [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]]), the eldest son of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]. His mother was the Princess of Wales (later [[Alexandra of Denmark|Queen Alexandra]]), the eldest daughter of [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX of Denmark]]. As a grandson of Queen Victoria in the male line, George was styled ''His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales'' at birth.
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| − | He was baptized in the Private Chapel of [[Windsor Castle]] on 7 July 1865.<ref>His godparents were the [[George V of Hanover|King of Hanover]], the [[Louise of Hesse-Cassel|Queen]] and [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Crown Prince of Denmark]], [[House of Leiningen|Ernst, 4th Prince of Leiningen]], the [[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], the [[Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel|Duchess of Cambridge]], [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|Princess Alice]] and the [[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge|Duke of Cambridge]]. Source: ''The Times (London)'', Saturday, 8 July 1865, p.12</ref> As a younger son of the [[Prince of Wales]], there was no expectation that George would become King as his elder brother, [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence|Prince Albert Victor]], was second in line to the throne after their father.
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| − | Given that George was born only fifteen months after his brother Prince Albert Victor, it was decided to educate both royal princes together. The Prince of Wales appointed [[John Neale Dalton]] as their tutor, although neither Albert Victor nor George excelled intellectually.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sinclair |first=David |title=Two Georges: The Making of the Modern Monarchy |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |year=1988|pages=pp.46–47|isbn=0340332409}}</ref> In September 1877 both brothers joined the training ship [[HMS Prince of Wales (1860)|HMS ''Britannia'']] at [[Britannia Royal Naval College|Dartmouth]]. Their father thought that the navy was "the very best possible training for any boy."<ref>Sinclair, pp.49–50</ref>
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| − | For three years from 1879 the royal brothers served as midshipmen on [[HMS Bacchante|HMS ''Bacchante'']], accompanied by Dalton. They toured the [[British Empire]], visiting [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], [[Virginia]], the colonies in the [[Caribbean]], [[South Africa]] and [[Australia]], as well as the [[Mediterranean]], [[South America]], the [[Far East]], and [[Egypt]]. In Japan, George had a local artist tattoo a blue and red dragon on his arm.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Kenneth Rose|last=Rose |first=Kenneth |title=King George V|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |location=London|year=1983|pages=p.13|isbn=0297782452}}</ref> Dalton wrote an account of their journey entitled ''The Cruise of HMS Bacchante''.<ref>Sinclair, p.55</ref> Between Melbourne and Sydney, Dalton records a sighting of the [[Flying Dutchman]], a mythical ghost ship. When they returned to the UK, the brothers were separated with Albert Victor attending [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and George continuing in the [[Royal Navy]]. He travelled the world and visited many areas of the British Empire, serving actively in the navy until his last command in 1891. From then on his naval rank was largely honorary.<ref>Sinclair, p.69</ref>
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| − | ==Marriage==
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| − | As a young man destined to serve in the Navy, Prince George served for many years under the command of his uncle, [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh]], who was stationed in [[Malta]]. There, he grew close to and fell in love with his uncle's daughter, his first cousin, [[Marie of Edinburgh]]. His grandmother, father and uncle all approved the match, but the mothers, the Princess of Wales and [[Maria Alexandrovna of Russia|the Duchess of Edinburgh]], both opposed it. The Princess of Wales thought the family was too pro-German, and the Duchess of Edinburgh disliked England. When George proposed, Marie refused, guided by her mother. She later became Queen of [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pope-Hennessy |first=James |title=Queen Mary |publisher=George Allen and Unwin, Ltd |location=London |year=1959|pages=pp.250–251}}</ref>
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| − | {{House of Windsor|george5}}
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| − | In 1891, [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence]] became engaged to his [[Cousin#Chart|second cousin once removed]], [[Mary of Teck|Princess Victoria Mary of Teck]] (always called "May"), the only daughter of [[Francis, Duke of Teck|Prince Francis, Duke of Teck]] and [[Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge]]. However, [[Albert Victor]] died of [[pneumonia]] six weeks later, leaving George second in line to the throne and likely to succeed after his father. This effectively ended George's naval career, as he was now expected to assume a more political role.<ref name="dnb">{{citation|first=H. C. G. |last=Matthew|title=George V (1865–1936)|journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press |date=Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33369|accessdate=2007-03-19|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33369 }}</ref>
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| − | [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] still favored Princess May<!--Yes, May! Please don't edit—> as a suitable candidate to marry a future king, so she persuaded George to propose to May. George duly proposed and May accepted. The marriage was a success, and throughout their lives the couple exchanged notes of endearment and loving letters.<ref>Sinclair, p.178</ref>
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| − | The marriage of George and May took place on 6 July 1893 at the [[Chapel Royal]], [[St. James's Palace]] in [[London]]. ''[[The Times]]'' claimed that at the wedding, the crowd may have been confused as to which was the Duke of York (later George V) and which was [[Nicholas II of Russia|the Tsarevitch (later Nicholas II)]] of [[Russian Empire|Russia]], because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially.<ref>''The Times (London)'' Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5</ref> However, their remaining facial features were quite different up close.<ref>[[:Image:Tsar Nicholas II & King George V.JPG|See a photograph of them side-by-side]]</ref>
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| − | ==Duke of York==
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| − | [[Image:Kinggeorgev1928.jpg|thumb|left|George as Duke of York, 1893.]]
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| − | On 24 May 1892 Queen Victoria created George, [[Duke of York]], [[Earl of Inverness]] and [[Baron Killarney]].<ref name="creation">{{cite web| url=http://mypage.uniserve.ca/~canyon/peerage_titles.htm#Holders |title=Yvonne's Royalty: Peerage |accessdate=2007-03-02}}</ref> After George's marriage to May<!--Yes, May! Please don't edit—>, she was styled ''Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York''.
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| − | The Duke and Duchess of York lived mainly at York Cottage,<ref>Renamed from ''Bachelor's Cottage''</ref> a relatively small house in [[Sandringham, Norfolk|Sandringham]], [[Norfolk]] where their way of life mirrored that of a comfortable middle-class family rather than grand royalty. George preferred the simple, almost quiet, life in marked contrast to his parents. Even his official biographer despaired of George's time as Duke of York, writing: "He may be all right as a young midshipman and a wise old king, but when he was Duke of York...he did nothing at all but kill [''i.e.'' shoot] animals and stick in stamps."<ref>[[Harold Nicolson]]'s diary quoted in Sinclair, p.107</ref>
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| − | George was a well-known [[stamp collector]], and played a large role in building the [[Royal Philatelic Collection]] into the most comprehensive collection of United Kingdom and Commonwealth stamps in the world, in some cases setting record purchase prices for items.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4979.asp |title=The Royal Philatelic Collection| accessdate=2007-03-02}}</ref> His enthusiasm for stamps was denigrated by the [[intelligentsia]].<ref>Rose, p.42</ref>
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| − | [[Image:York Cottage.JPG|right|thumb|200px|[[York Cottage]] at [[Sandringham House]], where George V and Queen Mary often lived throughout their lives]]
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| − | [[Randolph Churchill]] claimed that George was a strict father, to the extent that his children were terrified of him, and that George had remarked to [[Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby]]: "My father was frightened of his mother, I was frightened of my father, and I am damned well going to see to it that my children are frightened of me." In reality there is no direct source for the quote and it is likely that George's parenting style was little different from that adopted by most people at the time.<ref>See Sinclair, pp.93 ff for a full discussion</ref> George and May had five sons and a daughter.
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| − | As Duke and Duchess of York, George and May carried out a wide variety of public duties. In 1901, they toured the [[British Empire]], visiting [[Australia]], where the Duke opened the first session of the [[Australian Parliament]] upon the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia. Their tour also included [[South Africa]], [[Canada]], and [[New Zealand]], where (as they were now the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York) [[Cornwall Park]] in [[Auckland]] was named in their honour by its donor, [[John Logan Campbell]], then Mayor of Auckland.
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| − | ==Prince of Wales==
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| − | On 22 January, 1901, [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] died, and George's father, Albert Edward, ascended the throne as King Edward VII. At that point George inherited the titles of [[Duke of Cornwall]] and [[Duke of Rothesay]]. For the rest of that year, George was styled ''His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall and York'', until 9 November 1901 when he was created [[Prince of Wales]] and [[Earl of Chester]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/personalprofiles/theprinceofwales/abouttheprince/previousprincesofwales/|title=The Prince of Wales – Previous Princes of Wales|publisher=Household of HRH The Prince of Wales|accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref>
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| − | [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] wished his son to have more preparation and experience prior to his future role. In contrast to Edward himself, whom [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] had excluded from state affairs, George was given wide access to state documents and papers by his father.<ref name="dnb" /> George in turn allowed his wife access to his papers,<ref>Rose, p.289</ref> as he valued her counsel, and May<!--Yes, May! Please don't edit—> often helped write her husband's speeches.<ref>Sinclair, p.107</ref>
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| − | In 1906, he toured [[India]], where he was disgusted by racial discrimination and campaigned for greater involvement of Indians in the government of the country.<ref>Rose, pp.65–66</ref><ref>[[George Frederick Abbott]]'s ''Through India with the Prince'' (1906) describes the tour.</ref>
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| − | ==King and Emperor==
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| − | On 6 May, 1910, [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] died, and the Prince of Wales ascended the throne. George was now King George V and May<!--Yes, May! Please don't edit—> was Queen. George had never liked his wife's habit of signing official documents and letters as "Victoria Mary" and insisted she drop one of the names. Neither thought she should be called Queen Victoria, and so she became Queen Mary.<ref>Pope-Hennessy, p.421</ref> Their [[coronation]] took place at [[Westminster Abbey]] on 22 June 1911.<ref name="dnb" /> Later that year, the King and Queen travelled to [[India]] for the [[Delhi Durbar]] on December 12, where they were presented to an assembled audience of Indian dignitaries and princes as the [[Emperor of India|Emperor]] and [[Empress of India]]. George wore the newly-created [[Imperial Crown of India]] at the ceremony. Later, the Emperor and Empress travelled throughout India, visiting their new subjects. George took the opportunity to indulge in hunting [[tiger]]s, shooting 21.<ref>Rose, p.136</ref> On 18 December 1913 George shot over a thousand [[pheasant]]s in six hours<ref>About one bird every 20 seconds.</ref> at the home of [[Baron Burnham|Lord Burnham]], although even he had to acknowledge that "we went a little too far" that day.<ref>{{cite book|first=HRH The Duke of |last=Windsor |authorlink=Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|title=A King’s Story |publisher=Cassell and Co |location=London |year=1951|pages=pp.86–87}}</ref>
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| − | [[Image:George V of the United Kingdom - Punch cartoon - Project Gutenberg eText 16113.png|right|thumb|"A good riddance"<br />A 1917 ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' cartoon depicting King George V sweeping away his German titles. Changing the name of his family's royal house from ''Saxe-Coburg-Gotha'' to ''Windsor'' was a popular move.]]
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| − | ===World War I===
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| − | From 1914 to 1918 Britain was at [[World War I|war]] with [[German Empire|Germany]]. The German Emperor [[William II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]], who for the British public came to symbolize all the horrors of the war, was the King's first cousin. Queen Mary, although both she and her mother were British, was the daughter of the [[Duke of Teck]], a descendant of the German [[Rulers of Württemberg|Royal House of Württemberg]].
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| − | The King's paternal grandfather was [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]]; the King and his children bore the titles Prince and Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke and Duchess of Saxony. The King had brothers-in-law and cousins who were British subjects but who bore German titles such as Duke and Duchess of Teck, Prince and Princess of Battenberg, Prince and Princess of Hesse and by Rhine, and Prince and Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Augustenberg. Writer [[H. G. Wells]] wrote about Britain's "alien and uninspiring court," and George famously replied: "I may be uninspiring, but I'll be damned if I'm alien."<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Harold Nicolson|last=Nicolson |first=Sir Harold |title=King George the Fifth: His Life and Reign |publisher=Constable and Co|location=London |year=1952|pages=p.308}}</ref>
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| − | On 17 July 1917, George V issued an [[Order-in-Council]] that changed the name of the British [[Royal House]] from the German-sounding [[House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]] to the [[House of Windsor]], to appease British nationalist feelings. He specifically adopted Windsor as the surname for all descendants of Queen Victoria then living in the United Kingdom, excluding women who married into other families and their descendants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page3379.asp |title=The official website of the British Monarchy |accessdate=2007-03-02}}</ref>
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| − | Finally, on behalf of his various relatives who were British subjects he relinquished the use of all German titles and styles, and adopted British-sounding surnames. George compensated several of his male relatives by making them British peers. Thus, overnight his cousin, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven|Prince Louis of Battenberg]], became Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, while his brother-in-law, the [[Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge|Duke of Teck]], became Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge. Others, such as [[Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein]] and [[Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein]], simply stopped using their territorial designations. In Letters Patent gazetted on 11 December 1917, the King restricted the style "His (or Her) Royal Highness" and the titular dignity of "Prince (or Princess) of Great Britain and Ireland" to the children of the Sovereign, the children of the sons of the Sovereign, and the eldest living son of the eldest living son of a Prince of Wales.<ref>Nicolson, p.310</ref>
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| − | [[Image:Tsar Nicholas II & King George V.JPG|thumb|left|King George V (right) with his first cousin [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II]] (their mothers - [[Alexandra of Denmark|Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom]] and [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Empress Maria Fyodorovna of Russia]] - were sisters). Berlin, 1913]]
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| − | The Letters Patent also stated that "the titles of Royal Highness, Highness or Serene Highness, and the titular dignity of Prince and Princess shall cease except those titles already granted and remaining unrevoked." Relatives of the British Royal Family who fought on the German side, such as [[Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale|Prince Ernst August of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]] (the senior male-line great grandson of George III) and [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Carl Eduard, Duke of Albany and the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]] (a male-line grandson of Queen Victoria), were simply cut off; their British peerages were suspended by a 1919 Order in Council under the provisions of the [[Titles Deprivation Act 1917]]. George also removed their Garter flags from [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor|St George's Chapel]] at [[Windsor Castle]] under pressure from his mother, Queen Alexandra.<ref>{{citation|first=A. W. |last=Purdue|title=Alexandra (1844–1925)|journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30375|accessdate=2007-03-09|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/30375 }}</ref>
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| − | When [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II of Russia]], a first cousin of George through his mother, Queen Alexandra (Nicholas II's mother was [[Maria Fyodorovna]], Queen Alexandra's sister) was overthrown in the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]], the British Government offered asylum to the Tsar and his family but worsening conditions for the British people, and fears that revolution might come to the British Isles, led George to think that the presence of the Romanovs might seem inappropriate under the circumstances.<ref>Sinclair, p.148 and Nicolson, p.301</ref> Despite the later claims of [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten of Burma]] that [[David Lloyd George]], the Prime Minister, was opposed to the rescue of the Romanovs, records of the King's private secretary, [[Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham|Lord Stamfordham]], suggest that George V opposed the rescue against the advice of Lloyd George.<ref>Rose, p.210</ref> Advanced planning for a rescue was undertaken by MI1, a branch of the British secret service,<ref>{{citation|last=Crossland|first=John|title=British Spies In Plot To Save Tsar|journal=[[The Sunday Times (UK)|The Sunday Times]]|date=15 October 2006}}</ref> but because of the strengthening [[Bolshevik]] position and wider difficulties with the conduct of the war, the plan was never put into operation.<ref>Sinclair, p.149</ref> The Tsar and his immediate family thus remained in Russia and were murdered by Bolshevik revolutionaries in [[Yekaterinburg]] in 1918.
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| − | Two months after the end of the war, the King's youngest son, [[Prince John of the United Kingdom|John]], died aged 13 after a short lifetime of ill-health. George was informed of the death by the Queen who wrote, "[John] had been a great anxiety to us for many years…The first break in the family circle is hard to bear but people have been so kind & sympathetic & this has helped us much."<ref>Pope-Hennessy, p.511</ref>
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| − | ===Later life===
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| − | [[Image:Kinggeorgev1923.jpg|thumb|right|King George V in 1923]]
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| − | During and after [[World War I]], many of the monarchies which had ruled most European countries fell. In addition to Russia, the monarchies of [[Austria]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], and [[Spain]] also fell to revolution and war, although the Greek monarchy was restored again shortly before George's death. Most of these countries were ruled by relatives of George. In 1922, a [[Royal Navy]] ship was sent to Greece to rescue his cousins, [[Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark]] and [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]] and their children, including [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]], who would later marry George's granddaughter, [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]].
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| − | George also took an interest in the political turmoil in [[Ireland]], expressing his horror at government-sanctioned killings and reprisals to Prime Minister [[Lloyd George]].<ref>Sinclair, p.114 and Nicolson, p.347</ref> During the [[UK General Strike of 1926|General Strike of 1926]] the King took exception to suggestions that the strikers were 'revolutionaries' saying, "Try living on their wages before you judge them."<ref>Sinclair, p.105</ref> He also advised the Government against taking inflammatory action.<ref>Nicolson, p.419</ref>
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| − | In 1932 George agreed to deliver a [[Royal Christmas speech]] on the radio, an event which was to become an annual event. He was not in favor of the innovation originally but was persuaded by the argument that it was what his people wanted.<ref>Sinclair p.154</ref> He was concerned by the rise of the [[Nazi Party]] in [[Nazi Germany|Germany]], and warned the British ambassador in Berlin to be suspicious of the [[fascism|fascists]].<ref>Nicolson, pp.521–522</ref> By the [[silver jubilee]] of his reign in 1935, he had become a well-loved king, saying in response to the crowd's adulation, "I cannot understand it, after all I am only a very ordinary sort of fellow."<ref>Sinclair, p.1</ref> But George's relationship with his heir, [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Prince Edward]] deteriorated in these later years. George was disappointed in Edward's failure to settle down in life and appalled by his many affairs with married women.<ref name="dnb" /> He was reluctant to see Edward inherit the crown. In contrast, he was fond of his second eldest son, [[George VI of the United Kingdom|Prince Albert]] (later George VI) and doted on his eldest granddaughter, [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth]]; he nicknamed her "Lilibet," and she affectionately called him "Grandpa England".<ref>{{cite book|last=Pimlott|first=Ben|title=The Queen|publisher=John Wiley and Sons, Inc.|year=1996 |isbn=0-471-19431-X }}</ref> George was quoted as saying about his son Edward: "After I am dead the boy will ruin himself within 12 months," and later about Albert and Lilibet: "I pray to God my eldest son will never marry and have children, and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne."<ref>{{cite book |authorlink=Philip Ziegler|last=Ziegler|first=Philip |title=King Edward VIII: The Official Biography|publisher=Collins|location=London|year=1990|pages=p.199|isbn=0002157411}}</ref>
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| − | ===Death===
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| − | [[Image:Westminster king george v statue 1.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of King George V by [[William Reid Dick]], outside [[Westminster Abbey]], London]]
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| − | [[World War I]] took a toll on George's health, and his heavy smoking exacerbated recurring breathing problems. He long suffered from [[emphysema]], [[bronchitis]], [[chronic obstructive lung disease]] and [[pleurisy]]. In 1928 the king fell seriously ill, and for the next two years his son Edward took over many of the duties of the King.<ref>Ziegler, pp.192–196</ref> The King retired for a brief period to the seaside resort of [[Bognor Regis]] in [[West Sussex]].<ref>Pope-Hennessy, p.546</ref> A myth later grew that the King's last words, upon being told that he would soon be well enough to revisit the town, were "[[bugger]] [[Bognor]]!"<ref>{{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Andrew|coauthors=Edited by [[Antonia Fraser]] |title=The House of Windsor |publisher=Cassell and Co|location=London|year=2000|pages=p.36|isbn=0-304-35406-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ashley|first=Mike|title=The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens|publisher=Robinson Publishing|location=London|year=1998|pages=p.699}}</ref>
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| − | George never fully recovered. In his final year, he was occasionally administered oxygen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bradford |first=Sarah |title=King George VI |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=0297796674|pages=p.149}}</ref> In the evening of 15 January 1936, the King took to his bedroom at [[Sandringham House]] complaining of a cold; he would never leave the room alive.<ref>Pope-Hennessy, p.558</ref> The King became gradually weaker, drifting in and out of consciousness. The diary of his physician, [[Bertrand Dawson, 1st Viscount Dawson of Penn|Lord Dawson of Penn]], reveals that the King's last words, a mumbled "God damn you!",<ref name="watson">{{citation|last=Watson|first=Francis|title=The Death of George V|journal=History Today|year=1986|volume=36|pages=pp.21–30}}</ref> were addressed to his nurse when she gave him a sedative on the night of the 20 January. When the King was already comatose and close to death, Dawson admits hastening the King's end by giving him a lethal injection of [[cocaine]] and [[morphine]], both to prevent further strain on the family and so that the news of his death could be announced in the morning edition of ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper.<ref name="watson" /><ref>{{citation|last=Ramsay|first=J. H. R.|title=A king, a doctor, and a convenient death|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]|date=28 May 1994|volume=308 |pages=p.1445|url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/308/6941/1445}}</ref> He died at 11.55 p.m. and is buried at [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor|St George's Chapel]], [[Windsor Castle]].
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| − | At the procession to George's [[Lying in State]] in [[Westminster Hall]], as the cortege turned into New Palace Yard, the [[Maltese Cross (symbol)|Maltese Cross]] fell from the [[Imperial Crown]] and landed in the gutter. The new King, [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]], saw it fall and wondered whether this was a bad omen for his new reign.<ref>The Duke of Windsor, p.267</ref><ref>The cross, comprised of a sapphire and 200 diamonds, was retrieved by a military man following later in the procession.</ref> He would abdicate before the year was out.
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| − |
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| − | As a mark of respect to their father, George's four surviving sons, [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VIII]], the [[George VI of the United Kingdom|Duke of York]], the [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester|Duke of Gloucester]] and the [[Prince George, Duke of Kent|Duke of Kent]], mounted the guard, known as the [[Vigil of the Princes]], at the [[catafalque]] on the night of 28 January, the day before the funeral.<ref>''The Times (London)'', Tuesday, January 28, 1936 p.10 col. F</ref>
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| − |
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| − | ===Legacy===
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| − | [[Image:KingGeorgeVSqBrisbane.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of King George V in [[King George Square, Brisbane|King George Square]] outside [[Brisbane City Hall]]]]
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| − |
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| − | A statue of King George V was unveiled outside the Brisbane City Hall in 1938 as a tribute to the King from the citizens of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The square on which the statue stands was originally called Albert Square, but was later renamed King George Square in honor of King George V. In London, a statue by [[William Reid Dick]] stands outside the east end of [[Westminster Abbey]].
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| − |
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| − | The [[King George's Fields]] in [[London]] were created as a memorial by a committee in 1936 chaired by the then [[Lord Mayor of London]]. Today they are each registered charities and are under the guidance of the [[National Playing Fields Association]]. The [[national stadium]] of [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] in [[St. John's, Newfoundland|St. John's]] was named [[King George V Park]] in 1925. ''Rehov ha-Melekh George ha-Hamishi'' ("King George V Street") is a major thoroughfare in both [[Jerusalem]] and [[Tel-Aviv]], the only streets in these [[Israel]]i cities named after a non-Jewish monarch. While in [[Paris]], [[France]], a large avenue from the top of the [[Champs-Elysées]] down to the [[Seine]] river and an underground station were named for George V; as are Avenue Georges, located in [[Shawinigan]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]; [[SMK King George V|King George V Secondary School]], [[Malaysia]]; and [[King George V School]] and [[King George V Memorial Park]] in [[Hong Kong]].
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| − |
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| − | The [[World War I]] Royal Navy battleship [[HMS King George V (1911)|HMS ''King George V'']] and the [[World War II]] Royal Navy battleship [[HMS King George V (41)|HMS ''King George V'']] were named in his honor.
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| − |
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| − | ==Titles, styles, honors and arms==
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| − | [[Image:NFLD dollar bill.jpg|right|thumb|Newfoundland dollar bill featuring George V]]
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| − | ===Titles===
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| − | *'''3 June 1865–24 May 1892''': ''His Royal Highness'' Prince George of Wales
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| − | *'''24 May 1892–22 January 1901''': ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of York
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| − | *'''22 January 1901–9 November 1901''': ''His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Cornwall and York
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| − | *'''9 November 1901–6 May 1910''': ''His Royal Highness'' The Prince of Wales
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| − | **''in Scotland: His Royal Highness'' The Duke of Rothesay
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| − | *'''6 May 1910–20 January 1936''': ''His Majesty'' The King
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| − | **''and, occasionally, outside of the United Kingdom, and with regard to India: His Imperial Majesty'' The King-Emperor
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| − |
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| − | ===Styles===
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| − | Prior to his accession, on 6 May 1910, Prince George held the full style "''His Royal Highness'' '''The Prince George''' Frederick Ernest Albert, '''Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of York, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Inverness, Baron Renfrew, Baron Killarney, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland''', Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Imperial Service Order, Royal Victorian Chain, Member of His Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council, Royal Fellow of the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, Admiral of the Royal Navy"
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| − |
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| − | His full style as king was "''His Majesty'' George V, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India," until 1927, when it was changed, albeit superficially, to "''His Majesty'' George V, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India"
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| − |
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| − | ===Honours===
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| − | *'''KG''': [[Order of the Garter|Knight of the Garter]], ''4 August 1884''
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| − | *'''KT''': [[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]], ''5 July 1893''
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| − | *'''KP''': [[Order of St. Patrick|Knight of St Patrick]], ''20 August 1897''
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| − | *'''GCSI''': [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India]], ''28 September 1905''
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| − | *'''GCMG''': [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George]], ''9 March 1901''
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| − | *'''GCIE''': [[Order of the Indian Empire|Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire]], ''28 September 1905''
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| − | *'''GCVO''': [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]], ''30 June 1897''
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| − | *'''ISO''': [[Imperial Service Order]], ''31 March 1903''
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| − | *[[Royal Victorian Chain]], ''1902''
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| − | *'''PC''': [[Her Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council|Privy Counselor]], ''18 July 1894''
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| − | **Privy Counselor (Ireland), ''20 August 1897''
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| − | *'''FRS''': [[Royal Society|Royal Fellow of the Royal Society]], ''8 June 1893''
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| − | *[[Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports]] & [[Constable of Dover Castle]], ''1905–1907''
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| − | *President of the [[Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland]], ''1893–1895''
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| − | *President of the [[Royal Agricultural Society of England]],''1897–1903''
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| − |
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| − | ====Military====
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| − | *'''Cdt''', ''September 1877'': Cadet, [[HMS Prince of Wales (1860)|HMS Britannia]]
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| − | *'''Mid''', ''8 January 1880'': Midshipman, HMS Bacchante and the corvette Canada
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| − | *'''SLt''', ''3 June 1884'': Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Navy
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| − | *'''Lt''', ''8 October 1885'': Lieutenant, [[HMS Thunderer (1872)|HMS Thunderer]]; [[HMS Dreadnought (1875)|HMS Dreadnought]]; [[HMS Alexandra (1875)|HMS Alexandra]]; [[HMS Northumberland (1865)|HMS Northumberland]]
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| − | *I/C Torpedo Boat 79; the gunboat Thrush
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| − | *'''Cdr''', ''24 August 1891'': Commander, I/C the Melampus
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| − | *'''Capt''', ''2 January 1893'': Captain, Royal Navy
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| − | *'''RAdm''', ''1 January 1901'': Rear-Admiral, Royal Navy
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| − | *'''VAdm''', ''26 June 1903'': Vice-Admiral, Royal Navy
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| − | *'''Adm''', ''1907'': Admiral, Royal Navy
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| − | *''1910'': Admiral of the Fleet, Royal Navy
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| − | *'''MRAF''', [[Marshal of the Royal Air Force]]
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| − |
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| − | ===Arms===
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| − | As King, George V's arms were [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom|those of the Kingdom]]
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| − |
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| − | ==Ancestors==
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| − | <center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
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| − | |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
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| − | |border=1
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| − | |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
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| − | |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
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| − | |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
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| − | |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
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| − | |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
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| − | |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
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| − | |1= 1. '''George V of the United Kingdom'''
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| − | |2= 2. [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]
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| − | |3= 3. [[Alexandra of Denmark]]
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| − | |4= 4. [[Albert, Prince Consort]]
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| − | |5= 5. [[Victoria of the United Kingdom]]
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| − | |6= 6. [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
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| − | |7= 7. [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
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| − | |8= 8. [[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
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| − | |9= 9. [[Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
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| − | |10= 10. [[Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn]]
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| − | |11= 11. [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]
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| − | |12= 12. [[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg|Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
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| − | |13= 13. [[Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel]]
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| − | |14= 14. [[Prince William of Hesse]]
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| − | |15= 15. [[Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark]]
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| − | |16= 16. [[Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]
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| − | |17= 17. [[Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf|Princess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf]]
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| − | |18= 18. [[Emil, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
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| − | |19= 19. [[Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
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| − | |20= 20. [[George III of the United Kingdom]]
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| − | |21= 21. [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]
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| − | |22= 22. [[Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (= 16)
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| − | |23= 23. [[Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf|Princess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf]] (= 17)
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| − | |24= 24. [[Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck|Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]]
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| − | |25= 25. Countess Friederike von Schlieben
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| − | |26= 26. [[Charles of Hesse]]
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| − | |27= 27. [[Princess Louise of Denmark and Norway]]
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| − | |28= 28. [[Prince Frederick of Hesse]]
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| − | |29= 29. Caroline of Nassau-Usingen
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| − | |30= 30. [[Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway]]
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| − | |31= 31. [[Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
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| − | }}</center>
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| − |
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| − | ==Children==
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| − | {| border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;"
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| − | |- bgcolor="#cccccc"
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| − | !Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VIII]]||23 June 1894||28 May 1972||later the Duke of Windsor; married [[Wallis Simpson]]; no issue
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]]||14 December 1895||6 February 1952||married [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]]; had issue (including [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]])
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|Mary, Princess Royal]]||25 April 1897||28 March 1965||married [[Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood]]; and had issue
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |[[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]]||31 March 1900||10 June 1974||married [[Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester|Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott]]; had issue
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| − | |-
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| − | |[[Prince George, Duke of Kent]]||20 December 1902||25 August 1942||married [[Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark]]; had issue
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |[[Prince John of the United Kingdom|Prince John]]||12 July 1905||18 January 1919||Died from [[seizure]]s
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| − | |}
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| − |
| |
| − | ==Notes==
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| − | {{reflist|2}}
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| − |
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| − | ==References==
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| − | *{{citation|first=H. C. G. |last=Matthew|title=George V (1865–1936)|journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press |date=Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33369|accessdate=2007-03-19|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33369 }}
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| − | *{{cite book|authorlink=Harold Nicolson|last=Nicolson |first=Sir Harold |title=King George the Fifth: His Life and Reign |publisher=Constable and Co|location=London |year=1952 |oclc=1633172}}
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| − | *{{cite book|last=Pope-Hennessy |first=James |title=Queen Mary |publisher=George Allen and Unwin, Ltd |location=London |year=1959 |publisher=Phoenix Press (new edition) |year=2000 |isbn=978-1842120323}}
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| − | *{{cite book|authorlink=Kenneth Rose|last=Rose |first=Kenneth |title=King George V|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |location=London|year=1983|isbn=0297782452}}
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| − | *{{cite book|last=Sinclair |first=David |title=Two Georges: The Making of the Modern Monarchy |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |year=1988|isbn=0340332409}}
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| − | *{{cite book|first=HRH The Duke of |last=Windsor |authorlink=Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|title=A King’s Story |publisher=Cassell and Co |location=London |year=1951 |oclc=184448}}
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| − |
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | {{wikiquote}}
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| − | {{Commons}}
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| − | *[http://www.geocities.com/naciones_unidas_queenvictoria/georgev.html A biography of George V at geocities.com] Retrieved November 24, 2007.
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| − | *[http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/georgev.htm George V in WWI] Retrieved November 24, 2007.
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | {{s-start}}
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| − | {{s-hou|[[House of Windsor]]|3 June|1865|20 June|1936|[[House of Wettin]]}}
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| − | {{s-reg}}
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| − | {{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[List of British monarchs|King of the United Kingdom<br />of Great Britain and Ireland]]|years=1910 – 1927}}
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| − | {{s-non|reason=Name of title changed after<br />declaration of the [[Irish Free State]]}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[Emperor of India]]|years=1910 – 1936}}
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| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]]}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{s-new|reason=Name of title changed by the<br />[[Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[List of British monarchs|King of the United Kingdom<br />of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]]|years=1927 – 1931}}
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| − | {{s-non|reason=Sovereignty of the [[Commonwealth Realm|Dominions]]<br /> formally recognized<br />with the [[Statute of Westminster]]}}
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| − | {{s-new|reason=Name of title changed by<br />the [[Statute of Westminster]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[List of British monarchs|King of the United Kingdom]] and<br />[[Commonwealth Realm|British dominions beyond the seas]]|years=1931 – 1936}}
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| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward VIII]]}}
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| − | {{s-roy|uk}}
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| − | {{s-bef|before=[[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Albert, Prince of Wales]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[List of heirs to the English and British thrones|Heir to the Throne]]'''<br />''as [[heir apparent]]''|years='''1901 – 1910}}
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| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward, Prince of Wales]]}}
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| − | {{s-hon}}
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| − | {{s-bef|before=[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon of Kedleston]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports]]|years=1905 – 1907}}
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| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey|The Earl Brassey]]}}
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| − | {{s-herald}}
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| − | {{s-bef|before=[[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge|The Duke of Cambridge]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[Order of St Michael and St George|Grand Master of the Order of<br />St Michael and St George]]|years=1904 – 1910}}
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| − | {{s-vac|next=[[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Edward, Prince of Wales]]}}
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| − | |-
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| − | {{s-reg|uk}}
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| − | {{s-new|creation}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of York]]'''<br />''6th creation''|years='''1892 – 1901}}
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| − | {{s-non|reason=Merged in the Crown}}
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| − | {{end}}
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| − | {{British Monarchs}}
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| − | {{Princes of Wales}}
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| − | {{Dukes of Cornwall}}
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| − | {{Dukes of Rothesay}}
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| − | {{Dukes of York}}
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| − |
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| − | <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] —>
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| − |
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| − | {{Persondata
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| − | |NAME=George V of the United Kingdom
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| − | |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=George Frederick Ernest Albert
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| − | |SHORT DESCRIPTION=King-Emperor
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| − | |DATE OF BIRTH==3 June 1865
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| − | |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Marlborough House]], [[London]]
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| − | |DATE OF DEATH=20 January 1936
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| − | |PLACE OF DEATH=[[Sandringham House]], [[Norfolk]]
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| − | }}
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| − |
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| − | [[category:Politics and social sciences]]
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| − | [[category:Politics]]
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| − | {{credits|George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom|167430484}}
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