Difference between revisions of "Baroque Churches of the Philippines" - New World Encyclopedia

From New World Encyclopedia
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==Description==
 
==Description==
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These churches have been at the forefront of Philippine history, not just in furthering [[Christianity]] in the archipelago, but in serving as the political backbone of Spanish colonial rule, when Church and State was regarded as one. The unique architecture of the churches didn't just reflect the adaptation of Spanish/Latin American architecture to the local environment (including the fusion with Chinese motifs), but also of the Church's political influence. These churches had been subject to attacks by local revolts and rebellions, hence, most had the appearance of a fortress, rather than just serving as mere religious structures. This is especially noteworthy in the case of Santa Maria Church, located on top of a hill, serving as a citadel during times of crisis. Miag-ao Church also withstood the occasional attacks of Muslims from the south.
 
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Further, the location of the Philippines along the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]] called for the emphasis on the buttresses and foundations of these churches, with some being seriously damaged, but eventually rebuilt after an earthquake. The most imposing of these buttresses could be found in Paoay Church, while the true testament of this architecture could be seen in San Agustin Church, Manila, the only structure in [[Intramuros]] to survive [[World War II]]. Hence, the unique architectural style became known as [[Earthquake Baroque]].
 
  
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Those churches have been at the forefront of Philippine history. They have served the Catholic church in the archipelago and as the political backbone of Spanish colonial rule. During the time of Spanish colonial rule, the Church and State worked hand in glove.
  
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The unique architecture of the churches reflected the adaption of Spanish/Latin American architecture to local architecture, including a fusion with Chinese motifs. In addition, the Church's political power manifests from the architecture. Those churches had been subject to attacks by local revolts and rebellions, hence, most have the appearance of a fortress. The blending of religion and defense portrays the manner Spain saw it's situation in the Philippines. Santa Maria Church, located on top of a hill, serving as a citadel during times of crisis, provides the best example. Miag-ao Church also withstood the occasional attacks of Muslims from the south.
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The location of the Philippines along the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]] called for architecture that could withstand the powerful earthquakes that rock the region. Powerful buttresses and foundations typify those churches. They have survived many powerful earthquakes, winning the name "Earthquake Churches." Although occasionally seriously damaged, they would be rebuilt after an earthquake.
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The most imposing of these buttresses could be found in Paoay Church, while the true testament of this architecture could be seen in San Agustin Church, Manila, the only structure in [[Intramuros]] to survive [[World War II]]. Hence, the unique architectural style became known as [[Earthquake Baroque]].
  
 
== San Agustin Church in [[Manila]] ==
 
== San Agustin Church in [[Manila]] ==

Revision as of 21:12, 14 May 2008

Baroque Churches of the Philippines*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The interior of San Agustín Church in Manila
State Party Flag of Philippines Philippines
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv
Reference 677
Region** Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription 1993  (17th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.
** Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Baroque Churches of the Philippines refers to four Spanish-era churches in the Philippines designed by UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

On August 15, 1993, these churches, along with the one in Baclayon, Bohol were nominated for World Heritage Site status as part of the Jesuit Churches of the Philippines. On May 16, 2006, the NCCA nominated a new set of churches as part of the extension of the Baroque Churches of the Philippines World Heritage Site. With the inclusion of two churches from the Jesuit Churches nomination, those two proposals will likely be combined.

To date, the following four churches have been included in the World Heritage Site designation:

  • San Agustin Church in Manila
  • Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur
  • San Agustin Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte
  • Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao, Iloilo

Description

Those churches have been at the forefront of Philippine history. They have served the Catholic church in the archipelago and as the political backbone of Spanish colonial rule. During the time of Spanish colonial rule, the Church and State worked hand in glove.

The unique architecture of the churches reflected the adaption of Spanish/Latin American architecture to local architecture, including a fusion with Chinese motifs. In addition, the Church's political power manifests from the architecture. Those churches had been subject to attacks by local revolts and rebellions, hence, most have the appearance of a fortress. The blending of religion and defense portrays the manner Spain saw it's situation in the Philippines. Santa Maria Church, located on top of a hill, serving as a citadel during times of crisis, provides the best example. Miag-ao Church also withstood the occasional attacks of Muslims from the south.

The location of the Philippines along the Pacific Ring of Fire called for architecture that could withstand the powerful earthquakes that rock the region. Powerful buttresses and foundations typify those churches. They have survived many powerful earthquakes, winning the name "Earthquake Churches." Although occasionally seriously damaged, they would be rebuilt after an earthquake.


The most imposing of these buttresses could be found in Paoay Church, while the true testament of this architecture could be seen in San Agustin Church, Manila, the only structure in Intramuros to survive World War II. Hence, the unique architectural style became known as Earthquake Baroque.

San Agustin Church in Manila

Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur

San Agustin Church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte

Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao, Iloilo

Greater protection

Site #677: The interior of the San Agustín Church in Intramuros (Manila).

Aside from these four churches, the Philippine National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) has also designated the conservation and protection of 26 other Spanish-era churches to be of utmost importance. These were registered as National Cultural Treasures.

These churches were given priority status not just due to their historical value, but also based on the geographic representation of various regions across the nation:

  1. Parish Church of San Agustin in Bacong, Negros Oriental
  2. Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception in Balayan, Batangas
  3. Parish Church of Santiago Apostol in Betis Guagua, Pampanga
  4. Parish Church of Patrocinio de Maria in Boljoon, Cebu2
  5. Parish Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Calasiao, Pangasinan
  6. Parish Church of San Vicente de Ferrer in Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya
  7. Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception in Guiuan, Eastern Samar1 2
  8. Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental
  9. Parish Church of San Juan Bautista in Jimenez, Misamis Occidental
  10. Parish Church of San Isidro Labrador in Lazi, Siquijor2
  11. Parish Church of San Pedro and San Pablo in Loboc, Bohol1 2
  12. Parish Church of Santa Catalina de Alejandria in Luna, La Union
  13. Parish Church of San Carlos Borromeo in Mahatao, Batanes
  14. Parish Church of San Guillermo de Aquitania in Magsingal, Ilocos Sur
  15. Parish Church of San Gregorio Magno in Majayjay, Laguna
  16. Parish Church of the Assumption of Our Lady in Maragondon, Cavite1
  17. Parish Church of San Andres in Masinloc, Zambales
  18. Parish Church of Santa Monica in Panay, Capiz
  19. Cathedral of San Jose in Romblon, Romblon
  20. Parish Church of San Raymundo de Peñafort in Rizal, Cagayan
  21. Parish Church of San Joaquin in San Joaquin, Iloilo
  22. Parish Church of San Juan Bautista in Tabaco City, Albay
  23. Parish Church of San Ildefonso in Tanay, Rizal
  24. Basilica of St. Michael Archangel in Tayabas, Quezon
  25. Parish Church of Santa Catalina de Alejandria in Tayum, Abra
  26. Parish Church of San Matias in Tumauini, Isabela
  27. Parish Church of Santa Maria Magdalena in Kawit, Cavite
  28. Parich Church of Nuestra Señora Virgen del Rosario de Caracol Rosario, Cavite


External links

World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
Baroque Churches of the Philippines · Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park · Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras · Tubbataha Reef · Vigan
Flag of the Philippines

[[Category:]]

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