Difference between revisions of "Banshee" - New World Encyclopedia

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A banshee is one of many spirits of Irish and Scottish folklore. The modern understanding of a banshee as a grotesque, angry female spirit that flies in the air at night, terrifying those with her shrieking is something of a disnomer; the banshee was a culturally understood truth to the peasantry of Ireland and Scottland, as an omen of death and a messenger from the Otherworld by wailing under the windows of a house where a person is about to die. Banshees are common in Irish and Scottish folk stories such as those recorded by Herminie T. Kavanagh. They enjoy the same mythical status in Ireland as fairies and leprechauns.

Etymology

The term Banshee is an anglicization of the Irish bean sídhe or bean sí, which translates as "female, or woman of the faeries or elves". The Scots Gaelic version of the name is Bean Nighe - "washer-woman." Both names are derived from the Old Irish ben síde, "fairy woman": bean: woman, and sidhe: the genitive case of "fairy."^[1]

Description

The shriveled hag, with long, unkempt white hair and wearing a funeral robe is only one of several different forms that a banshee can appear in, although in modern times this is the most common form the creature takes. It can also appear as a young woman with a beautiful, if slightly un-Earthly, appearance, an honorable matriarch or a washer-woman, as seen in Celtic traditions. No matter what appearance, she is almost always portrayed as having long grey or white hair, and wearing long flowing robes of similar color ^[2]

Origin

The banshee first appeared in very old Gaelic legends as harbringers of the death of one of the five noteworthy families of Gaelic lore: the O'Neills, O'Donnells, O'Connors, the O'Learys, the O'Tools and the O'Connaghs. Traditionally, when a citizen of an Irish village died, a woman would sing a lament (in Irish) at their funeral. Music in those times were often connected to the spirits and fairies that were believed to inhabit the woods. Legend has it that, for five great Gaelic families: the O'Gradys, the O'Neills, the O'Briens, the O'Connors, and the Kavanaghs, the lament would be sung by a fairy woman; having foresight, she would appear before the death and keen. When several banshees appeared at once, it indicated the death of someone great or holy.^[3] The tales sometimes recounted that the woman, though called a fairy, was a ghost, often of a specific murdered woman, or a woman who died in childbirth.^[4]

Banshees in popular culture

A banshee appears in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novel Reaper Man, named Brother Ixolite. He has a speech impediment, so "instead of sitting on roofs and screaming when people are about to die, he just writes them a note and slips it under the door." Going Postal introduces "feral" banshees, whose predatory habits offer an explanation as to why a banshee's cry is an omen of death (i.e. the banshee is stalking its prey, most likely whoever hears the banshee's cry).
Banshees have been featured in a number of video games, such as the MMORPGs RuneScape and Tibia, in which they are often known to attack players by singing. In the popular RTS game, WarCraft III, "banshees" belong to "the undead army" and can attack other units with "tortured blasts of sonic force"; they can also curse or possess their enemies.
The name "Banshee" has been given to many whistling fireworks produced by various manufacturers.
"Banshee" is the name of a mutant in the second iteration of Marvel's X-Men comics. He is able to cause damage with his "sonic scream." A modification of this scream allows him to fly, although he can not talk while doing so.
In an episode of the television series Charmed, Alyssa Milano's character Phoebe turned into a Banshee.
Banshees appear in the Disney children's movie Darby O'Gill and the Little People (1959), certainly resulting in many a nightmares.
Banshee was used as a name for a General Motors series of show cars for its PontiacDivision, the first appearing in 1966. Reportedly, the name was to be used on the Pontiac Firebird, but GM executives thought better of using a name meaning a "screaming spirit of death" on one its products.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Lysaght, Patricia (1986). The Banshee: The Irish Death Messenger. Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBN 1-57098-138-8.
Briggs, Katharine (1976). An Encyclopedia of Fairies. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-73467-X.
Wentz, WY Evans (1966, 1990). The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. Citadel.
Vinopal, John (1986). Ten Years of Torment. UC Santa Cruz Press.

Notes

↑ (1971) "The Oxford English Dictionary" Oxford Press, Oxford
↑ McIlvenna, Catherine and Jim Black (2005) ["Irish Fairies|Banshee"] Retrieved May 14, 2007
↑ W. B. Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, in A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore, p 108, ISBN 0-517-489904-X
↑ Katharine Briggs, An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Banshee," p14-6. ISBN 0-394-73467-X

External links

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[1] (1971) "The Oxford English Dictionary" Oxford Press, Oxford

[2] McIlvenna, Catherine and Jim Black (2005) ["Irish Fairies|Banshee"] Retrieved May 14, 2007

[3] W. B. Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, in A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore, p 108, ISBN 0-517-489904-X

[4] Katharine Briggs, An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, "Banshee," p14-6. ISBN 0-394-73467-X

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-The '''Banshee''' from the [[Irish language|Irish]] ''bean sí'' ("woman of the ''[[sídhe]]''" or "woman of the [[fairy]] mound") is a female spirit in [[Irish mythology]], usually seen as an omen of death and a messenger from the [[Other World|Otherworld]]. Her [[Scottish mythology|Scottish]] counterpart is the '''[[Bean Nighe]]''' ("washer-woman").
+A '''banshee''' is one of many spirits of [[Ireland|Irish]] and [[Scottland|Scottish]] [[folklore]]. The modern understanding of a banshee as a grotesque, angry female spirit that flies in the air at night, terrifying those with her shrieking is something of a disnomer; the banshee was a culturally understood truth to the peasantry of Ireland and Scottland, as an [[omen]] of death and a messenger from the [[Other World|Otherworld]] by wailing under the windows of a house where a person is about to die. Banshees are common in Irish and Scottish folk stories such as those recorded by [[Herminie T. Kavanagh]]. They enjoy the same mythical status in [[Ireland]] as fairies and [[leprechauns]].
-== Etymology ==
+==Etymology==
-The term ''Banshee'' is an [[anglicization]] of the [[Irish language|Irish]] ''bean sídhe'' or ''bean sí'' - "woman of the ''[[sídhe]]''" or "woman of the fairy mound."  The [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scots Gaelic]] version of the name is ''Bean Nighe'' - "washer-woman."  Both names are derived from the [[Old Irish language|Old Irish]] ''ben síde'', "[[fairy]] woman": ''bean'': woman, and ''[[sidhe]]'': the [[genitive case]] of "fairy."
-''Sídhe'' in Irish, and ''Sìth'' in Scots Gaelic, mean "peace," and the fairies or ''sídhe'' are also referred to as the ''Daoine Sídhe'' or ''Duine Sìth'' - the "people of peace." ''Sídhe'', in its variant spellings, is used to refer to the ''Sídhe'' Mounds, as well as to the beings said to inhabit the mounds.
+The term ''Banshee'' is an [[anglicization]] of the [[Irish language|Irish]] ''bean sídhe'' or ''bean sí'', which translates as "female, or woman of the faeries or elves". The [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scots Gaelic]] version of the name is ''Bean Nighe'' - "washer-woman."  Both names are derived from the [[Old Irish language|Old Irish]] ''ben síde'', "[[fairy]] woman": ''bean'': woman, and ''[[sidhe]]'': the [[genitive case]] of "fairy."<ref> (1971) "The Oxford English Dictionary" Oxford Press, Oxford </ref>
+==Description==
-==Banshees in history, mythology and folklore==
+The shriveled hag, with long, unkempt white hair and wearing a funeral robe is only one of several different forms that a banshee can appear in, although in modern times this is the most common form the creature takes. It can also appear as a young woman with a beautiful, if slightly un-Earthly, appearance, an honorable matriarch or a washer-woman, as seen in Celtic traditions. No matter what appearance, she is almost always portrayed as having long grey or white hair, and wearing long flowing robes of similar color <ref> McIlvenna, Catherine and Jim Black (2005) [[http://www.irelandseye.com/animation/explorer/banshee.html"Irish Fairies|Banshee"]] Retrieved May 14, 2007 </ref>
-Traditionally, when a citizen of an Irish village died, a woman would sing a lament (in [[Irish language|Irish]]: ''caoineadh'', {{IPA|[ˈkiːnʲə]}} or {{IPA|[ˈkiːnʲuː]}}) at their funeral. These women singers are sometimes referred to as "keeners."  Legend has it that, for five great Gaelic families: the O'Gradys, the O'Neills, the [[O'Brien]]s, the O'Connors, and the Kavanaghs, the lament would be sung by a fairy woman; having foresight, she would appear before the death and keen.  When several banshees appeared at once, it indicated the death of someone great or holy.<ref>W. B. Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, in A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore, p 108, ISBN 0-517-489904-X</ref> The tales sometimes recounted that the woman, though called a fairy, was a ghost, often of a specific murdered woman, or a woman who died in childbirth.<ref>[[Katharine Mary Briggs|Katharine Briggs]], ''An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures'', "Banshee," p14-6. ISBN 0-394-73467-X
+==Origin==
+The banshee first appeared in very old Gaelic legends as harbringers of the death of one of the five noteworthy families of Gaelic lore: the O'Neills, O'Donnells, O'Connors, the O'Learys, the O'Tools and the O'Connaghs. Traditionally, when a citizen of an Irish village died, a woman would sing a lament (in [[Irish language|Irish]]) at their funeral. Music in those times were often connected to the spirits and fairies that were believed to inhabit the woods.  Legend has it that, for five great Gaelic families: the O'Gradys, the O'Neills, the [[O'Brien]]s, the O'Connors, and the Kavanaghs, the lament would be sung by a fairy woman; having foresight, she would appear before the death and keen.  When several banshees appeared at once, it indicated the death of someone great or holy.<ref>W. B. Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, in A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore, p 108, ISBN 0-517-489904-X</ref> The tales sometimes recounted that the woman, though called a fairy, was a ghost, often of a specific murdered woman, or a woman who died in childbirth.<ref>[[Katharine Mary Briggs|Katharine Briggs]], ''An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures'', "Banshee," p14-6. ISBN 0-394-73467-X
 </ref>
 <!-- ?? provide a reference to restore this
 When these oral narratives were first translated into English, a distinction between the "banshee" and other fairy folk was introduced which does not seem to exist in the stories in their original ([[Irish language|Irish]] or [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish]]) Gaelic forms. The funeral lament became a mournful cry or wail by which the death is heralded. In these tales, hearing the banshee's wail came to predict a death in the family and seeing the banshee portends one's own death.—>
-Banshees are frequently described as dressed in white or grey, and often having long, fair hair which they brush with a silver comb, a detail scholar Patricia Lysaght attributes to confusion with local [[mermaid]] [[Mythology|myths]]. This comb detail is also related to the centuries-old traditional romantic Irish story that, if you ever see a comb lying on the ground in Ireland, you must never pick it up, or the banshees (or mermaids - stories vary), having placed it there to lure unsuspecting humans, will spirit such gullible humans away. Other stories portray banshees as dressed in green, red or black with a grey cloak.
-Banshees are common in Irish and Scottish folk stories such as those recorded by [[Herminie T. Kavanagh]]. They enjoy the same mythical status in [[Ireland]] as fairies and [[leprechauns]].
 ==Banshees in popular culture==