Difference between revisions of "Valine" - New World Encyclopedia

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Revision as of 19:56, 15 June 2007

Valine
Chemical structure of Valine     Chemical structure of Valine
Systematic name (S)-2-amino-3-methyl-butanoic acid
Abbreviations Val
V
Chemical formula C5H11NO2
Molecular mass 117.15 g mol-1
Melting point 315 °C
Density 1.230 g cm-3
Isoelectric point 5.96
pKa 2.27
9.52
PubChem 1182
CAS number [72-18-4]
EINECS number 200-773-6
SMILES CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O
Disclaimer and references

Valine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. Its three letter code is Val, its one letter code is V, and its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. It is named after the plant valerian. In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly.

Biosynthesis

As an essential amino acid, valine is not synthesized in animals, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins. It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine. The intermediate α-ketovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:[1]

  1. acetolactate synthase
  2. acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
  3. dihydroxyacid dehydratase
  4. valine aminotransferase

Other aspects

In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, valine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Like most cigarette additives, the reason for its inclusion is unknown.

Dietary aspects

Nutritional sources of valine include cottage cheese, fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  1. Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. "Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry" 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York, 2000. ISNB 1-57259-153-6.

External links

Template:ChemicalSources


Major families of biochemicals
Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides
Analogues of nucleic acids:The 20 Common Amino AcidsAnalogues of nucleic acids:
Alanine (dp) | Arginine (dp) | Asparagine (dp) | Aspartic acid (dp) | Cysteine (dp) | Glutamic acid (dp) | Glutamine (dp) | Glycine (dp) | Histidine (dp) | Isoleucine (dp) | Leucine (dp) | Lysine (dp) | Methionine (dp) | Phenylalanine (dp) | Proline (dp) | Serine (dp) | Threonine (dp) | Tryptophan (dp) | Tyrosine (dp) | Valine (dp)

Template:Biochem-stub

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