Difference between revisions of "Valine" - New World Encyclopedia
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Revision as of 19:56, 15 June 2007
Valine | |
---|---|
Systematic name | (S)-2-amino-3-methyl-butanoic acid |
Abbreviations | Val V |
Chemical formula | C5H11NO2 |
Molecular mass | 117.15 g mol-1 |
Melting point | 315 °C |
Density | 1.230 g cm-3 |
Isoelectric point | 5.96 |
pKa | 2.27 9.52 |
PubChem | 1182 |
CAS number | [72-18-4] |
EINECS number | 200-773-6 |
SMILES | CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O |
Disclaimer and references |
Valine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. Its three letter code is Val, its one letter code is V, and its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. It is named after the plant valerian. In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly.
Biosynthesis
As an essential amino acid, valine is not synthesized in animals, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins. It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine. The intermediate α-ketovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:[1]
- acetolactate synthase
- acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
- dihydroxyacid dehydratase
- valine aminotransferase
Other aspects
In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, valine is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Like most cigarette additives, the reason for its inclusion is unknown.
Dietary aspects
Nutritional sources of valine include cottage cheese, fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. "Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry" 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York, 2000. ISNB 1-57259-153-6.
External links
Template:ChemicalSources
Major families of biochemicals | ||
Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
Analogues of nucleic acids: | The 20 Common Amino Acids | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
Alanine (dp) | Arginine (dp) | Asparagine (dp) | Aspartic acid (dp) | Cysteine (dp) | Glutamic acid (dp) | Glutamine (dp) | Glycine (dp) | Histidine (dp) | Isoleucine (dp) | Leucine (dp) | Lysine (dp) | Methionine (dp) | Phenylalanine (dp) | Proline (dp) | Serine (dp) | Threonine (dp) | Tryptophan (dp) | Tyrosine (dp) | Valine (dp) |
Template:Biochem-stub
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