Difference between revisions of "South Dakota" - New World Encyclopedia

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Several major [[U.S. highway]]s pass through the state. U.S. routes [[U.S. Route 12|12]], [[U.S. Route 14|14]], [[U.S. Route 16|16]], [[U.S. Route 18|18]], and [[U.S. Route 212|212]] travel east and west, while U.S. routes [[U.S. Route 81|81]], [[U.S. Route 83|83]], [[U.S. Route 85|85]] and [[U.S. Route 281|281]] run north and south.
 
Several major [[U.S. highway]]s pass through the state. U.S. routes [[U.S. Route 12|12]], [[U.S. Route 14|14]], [[U.S. Route 16|16]], [[U.S. Route 18|18]], and [[U.S. Route 212|212]] travel east and west, while U.S. routes [[U.S. Route 81|81]], [[U.S. Route 83|83]], [[U.S. Route 85|85]] and [[U.S. Route 281|281]] run north and south.
  
== HERE ==
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==Demographics==
 
==Demographics==

Revision as of 03:56, 8 December 2007

Template:US state South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota (Sioux) American Indian tribes. South Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889. (North Dakota was admitted on the same day.)

Located in the north-central United States, South Dakota is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing the state into two socially and economically distinct halves, known to residents as "East River" and "West River."[1] In the southwestern portion of the state rise the Black Hills, a group of low, pine-covered mountains. A region of great religious importance to local American Indians as well as a major draw for the state tourism industry, the Black Hills are also the location of Mt. Rushmore, probably the best-known location in the state and a widely-used unofficial symbol of South Dakota.

Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle, South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in an effort to attract and retain residents. The state is still largely rural, though, with one of the lowest population densities in the United States.[2] The centrally-located city of Pierre serves as the state capital, and Sioux Falls, with 148,000 people, is the largest city in the state.


South Dakota is considered to have an attractive business climate. According to the Small Business Survival Foundation, South Dakota offers the best economic environment for entrepreneurship in the nation. The state has no income tax, personal or corporate, and boasts the second lowest crime rate in the nation.


Geography

South Dakota is bordered on the north by North Dakota; on the south by Nebraska; on the east by Iowa and Minnesota; and on the west by Wyoming and Montana. It is one of the six states of the Frontier Strip.

The Missouri River runs through the central part of the state. To the east of the river lie low hills and lakes formed by glaciers. Fertile farm country covers the area. To the west of the river the land consists of deep canyons and rolling plains.

Geographic and political features of South Dakota

South Dakota has four major land regions: the Drift Prairie, the Dissected Till Plains, the Great Plains, and the Black Hills.

  • The Drift Prairie covers most of eastern South Dakota. This is the land of low hills and glacial lakes. This area was called Coteau des Prairies (Prairie Hills) by early French traders. In the north, the Coteau des Prairies is bordered on the east by the Minnesota River Valley and on the west by the James River Basin. The James River Basin is mostly flat land, following the flow of the James River through the state from north to south.
  • The Dissected Till Plains lie in the southeastern corner of South Dakota. This area of rolling hills is criss-crossed by many streams.
  • The Great Plains cover most of the western two-thirds of the state. The Coteau de Missouri hills and valleys lie between the James River Basin of the Drift Prairie and the Missouri River. West of the Missouri River the landscape becomes more rugged and consists of rolling hills, plains, canyons, and steep flat-topped hills called buttes. These buttes sometimes rise 400 to 600 feet (120 to 180 m) above the plains. In the south, east of the Black Hills, lie the South Dakota Badlands.
  • The Black Hills are in the southwestern part of South Dakota and extend into Wyoming. This range of low mountains covers 6,000 square miles (15,500 km²) with mountains that rise from 2,000 to 4,000 feet (600 to 1,200 m) above their bases. The highest point in South Dakota, Harney Peak (7,242 ft or 2,207 m above sea level), is in the Black Hills. [3] This is the highest point between the Rocky Mountains and the French Alps. The Black Hills are rich in minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and lead. The Homestake Mine, one of the largest gold mines in the United States, is located in the Black Hills.

The Missouri River is the largest and longest river in the state. Other major South Dakota rivers include the Cheyenne, the James, the Big Sioux, and the White. South Dakota has many natural lakes, mostly occurring in the eastern part of the state. Additionally, dams on the Missouri River create four large reservoirs: Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, Lake Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark Lake.

Climate

South Dakota has a continental climate with four very distinct seasons ranging from typically very cold winters and hot summers. During the summers, the average high temperature throughout the state is close to 90 °F for the high temperature, although it often cools down to close to 60 °F at night. It is not unusual for South Dakota to have severe hot, dry spells in the summer with the temperature climbing above 100 °F for days or weeks at a time. Winters are cold with high temperatures in January averaging below freezing and low temperatures averaging below 10 °F in most of the state.

The precipitation of the state ranges from semi-arid, in the northwestern part of the state (around 15 inches of annual precipitation) to semi-humid around the southeast portion of the state (around 25 inches of annual precipitation), although a small area centered around Lawrence County has the highest precipitation at nearly 30 inches per annum.

South Dakota summers bring frequent thunderstorms which can be severe with high winds, thunder, and hail. The eastern part of the state is often considered part of tornado alley with the rate of tornadoes per square 10,000 miles approaching that of parts of Oklahoma or Kansas, although the western part of the state is also vulnerable to tornadoes as well. Winters are somewhat more stable. Severe winter storms, occasionally blizzards, can happen in the winter, although the bulk of the snow which falls in South Dakota tends to be in the late autumn and early spring.

File:Shelf cloud.jpg
A shelf cloud over Rapid City on August 8, 2002.

History

Human beings have lived in what is today South Dakota for at least several thousand years. French and other European explorers in the 1700s encountered a variety of groups including the Omaha and Arikara (Ree), but by the early 1800s the Sioux (Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota) were dominant. In 1743, the LaVerendrye brothers buried a plate near the site of modern day Pierre, claiming the region for France as part of greater Louisiana.[4] In 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon.[5]

President Thomas Jefferson organized a group called the Corps of Discovery, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (commonly referred to as "Lewis and Clark Expedition"), to explore the newly-acquired region. In 1817, an American fur trading post was set up at present-day Fort Pierre, beginning continuous American settlement of the area. Through much of the 19th century, exploratory expeditions such as those of Lewis and Clark and Joseph Nicollet coincided with an increasing presence of the U.S. Army. In 1855, the U.S. Army bought Fort Pierre but abandoned it the following year in favor of Fort Randall to the south. Settlement by Americans and Europeans was, by this time, increasing rapidly, and in 1858, the Yankton Sioux signed the 1858 Treaty, ceding most of present-day eastern South Dakota to the United States.

Land speculators founded two of eastern South Dakota's largest present-day cities: Sioux Falls in 1856 and Yankton in 1859. In 1861, Dakota Territory was recognized by the United States government (this initially included North Dakota, South Dakota, and parts of Montana and Wyoming). Settlers from Scandinavia, Germany, Ireland, and Russia, as well as elsewhere in Europe and from the eastern U.S. states, increased from a trickle to a flood, especially after the completion of an eastern railway link to the territorial capital of Yankton in 1872, and the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 during a military expedition led by George A. Custer. This expedition took place despite the fact that the western half of present day South Dakota had been granted to the Sioux by the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) as part of the Great Sioux Reservation. The Sioux declined to grant mining rights or land in the Black Hills, and war broke out after the U.S. failed to stop white miners and settlers from entering the region. The Sioux were eventually defeated and settled on Reservations within South Dakota and North Dakota.

The Dakota Territory was settled sparsely until the late 1800s, when the railroads pushed through the region and aggressively marketed the land. But an increasing population in Dakota Territory (and a desire for two additional senators from a Republican area[citation needed]) caused the territory to be divided in half and a bill for statehood for North Dakota and South Dakota (as well as Montana and Washington) titled the Enabling Act of 1889 was passed on February 22, 1889 during the Administration of Grover Cleveland. It was left to his successor, Benjamin Harrison, to sign proclamations formally admitting North and South Dakota to the Union on November 2, 1889. Harrison directed his Secretary of State James G. Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first and the actual order went unrecorded.[6][7]

On December 29, 1890, the Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Commonly cited as the last major armed conflict between the United States and the Sioux Nation, the massacre resulted in the deaths of an estimated 300 Sioux, many of them women and children. 25 U.S. soldiers were also killed in the conflict.[8]

A South Dakota farm during the Dust Bowl, 1936

During the 1930s, several economic and climatic conditions combined with disastrous results for South Dakota. A lack of rainfall, extremely high temperatures and over-cultivation of farmland produced what was known as the Dust Bowl in South Dakota and several other plains states. Fertile topsoil was blown away in massive dust storms, and several harvests were completely ruined.[9]The experiences of the dust bowl, coupled with local bank foreclosures and the general economic effects of the Great Depression, resulted in many South Dakotans leaving the state. The population of South Dakota declined by more than 7 percent between 1930 and 1940.

Economic stability returned with the U.S. entry into World War II in 1941, as demand for the state's agricultural and industrial products grew as the nation mobilized for war. In 1944, the Pick-Sloan Plan was passed as part of the Flood Control Act of 1944 by the U.S. Congress, resulting in the construction of six large dams on the Missouri river, four of which are at least partially located in South Dakota. Flood control, hydroelectricity and recreational opportunities such as boating and fishing are provided by the dams and their reservoirs.[10]

In recent decades, South Dakota has transformed from a state dominated by agriculture to one with a more diversified economy. The tourism industry has grown considerably since the completion of the interstate system in the 1960s, with the Black Hills being especially impacted. The financial service industry began to grow in the state as well, with Citibank moving its credit card operations from New York to Sioux Falls in 1981, a move that was followed by several other financial companies.[11] Despite a growing state population and recent economic development, many rural areas have been struggling over the past 50 years with locally declining populations and the emigration of educated young adults to larger cities, such as Rapid City or Sioux Falls, or other states.[12]


Law and government

State capitol building in Pierre

South Dakota's capital city and seat of government is Pierre (pronounced as pier, not as the French-sounding name pee-air). The city's population in July 2006 was just over 14,000, making it the least populated capital city in the U.S., with the exception of Montpelier, Vermont.

Founded in 1880 on the Missouri River opposite Fort Pierre, the city has been South Dakota's capital since it gained statehood on November 11, 1889. Prior to that time, the cities of Yankton and Bismarck were governing seats to the territory that was to become South Dakota.

Situated on the rough river bluffs overlooking the Missouri River, the city is one of only five state capitals that does not have a major interstate highway running through it. Construction on the limestone and white marble capital building was begun in 1905. The city is known throughout the region for its Memorial Hall.

State and local politics

South Dakota has three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

Currently, there are 35 members of the state Senate and 70 members of the House of Representatives. The state is composed of 35 legislative districts. Voters elect 1 senator and 2 representatives from each district. The legislature meets once a year on the second Tuesday in January, and also if the governor calls a special session.

The state Supreme Court is the highest court in South Dakota and the court of last resort for state appellate actions. The chief justice and four justices comprise the South Dakota Supreme Court. South Dakota is divided into seven judicial circuits. There are 39 circuit judges serving in the seven circuits. Circuit courts are the state's trial courts of general jurisdiction. There are 12 full-time and 3 part-time magistrate judges in the seven circuits. Magistrate courts assist the circuit courts in disposing of misdemeanor criminal cases and minor civil actions. These courts of limited jurisdiction make the judicial system more accessible to the public by providing a means of direct court contact for the average citizen.

Tribal politics

Each of the state's nine Sioux reservation groups has its own elected tribal government, six of which are authorized by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. The Yankton Sioux tribe sustains a constitution adopted in 1932.

Federal Politics

South Dakota is represented at the federal level by two senators and one representative.

The Republican Party has been the dominant party since territorial times, and the state has not supported a Democratic presidential candidate since 1964 — especially notable when one considers that George McGovern, the Democratic nominee in 1972, was from South Dakota. In 2004, George W. Bush won the state's three electoral votes with 59.9 percent of the vote. Additionally, a Democrat has not won the governorship since 1978. In 2007 all but one of the statewide elected officers were Republicans.

The Missouri River bisects the state and has been considered the dividing line between conservative and moderate political stances. Generally east of the River (or "East River") is more moderate while west of the river ("West River") tends to be more conservative. There are large exceptions to this generalizations, however, as the strongest Democratic counties in the state are within the Indian Reservations of the West River area. The strongest Republican counties are located East River, in areas of predominate German/Russian ancestry. Many observers believe that the James River Valley is the actual political dividing line between East River political thought and West River political thought.


Economy

South Dakota has a stable economy, dominated by wholesale and retail trade, agriculture, and tourism. The state also benefits economically from federal installations: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers facilities along the Missouri basin; military installations, notably Ellsworth Air Force Base of the Strategic Air Command, numerous national parks and monuments, and operations of U.S. Indian agencies. [13]

According to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the gross state product of South Dakota was $29.4 billion as of 2004. The per capita personal income was $26,894, the 37th highest in the nation and 13.08 percent below the national average. Thirteen percent of the population lived below the poverty line. The state's unemployment rate has been significantly lower than the average rate throughout the country, 3 percent in July of 2007, and is expected to remain low.

Resources

The state is rich in mineral resources. Granite, clays, limestone, crushed stone, sand and gravel and petroleum are its most important mined products. Gypsum and natural gas are also mined. The town of Lead's Homestake Mine was closed in 2001; until that time the state was a leading producer of gold. Gold mining still occurs but on a small scale.

Agriculture

Agriculture has historically been a key component of the South Dakota economy. Although other industries have expanded rapidly in recent decades, agricultural production is still very important to the state's economy. Major products include beef, wheat, corn (maize), pork, wool, soybeans, oats, mutton, alfalfa, sunflowers, and poultry.

Agriculture-related industries such as meat packing and ethanol production also have a considerable economic impact on the state. South Dakota is one of the top five ethanol-producing states in the nation. [14] Beef cattle comprise 34 percent of the state's total agricultural receipts and 4 percent of the nations cattle production. Also raised are hogs, lambs, sheep and wool.

Manufacturing and Industry

The finance, insurance and real estate industry is the most valuable industry group in South Dakota, accounting for over 17 percent of the Gross State Product. Ranking second is the community, business and personal services group, such as private health care, law firms, motels and repair shops. Wholesale (groceries, farm products) and retail trade ranks third in the state's industry group. [15] Combined with agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting, these industries account for over 50 percent of South Dakota's Gross State Product.

Tourism

Another important sector in South Dakota's economy is tourism. Many travel to view the attractions of the state, particularly those of the Black Hills region such as historic Deadwood, Badlands Mount Rushmore, and the nearby state and national parks. One of the largest tourist events in the state is the annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. The three-day event drew over 450,000 attendants in 2006, significant considering the state has a population of only 750,000. [16]

In 2006, tourism provided an estimated 33,000 jobs in the state and contributed over two billion US$ to the state's economy. [17]

State Taxes

As of 2005, South Dakota had the lowest per capita total state tax rate in the U.S. [18] The state does not levy inheritance taxes, personal or corporate income taxes or taxes on intangible personal property. The state sales tax rate is 4 percent. Various localities have local levies so that in some areas the rate is 6 percent. The state sales tax does not apply to sales to Indians on Indian Reservations, but many reservations have a compact with the state. Businesses on the reservation collect the tax and the state refunds to the Indian Tribes the percentage of sales tax collections relating to the ratio of Indian population to total population in the county or area affected.

Ad valorem property taxes are local taxes and are a large source of funding for school systems, counties, municipalities and other local government units. Their administration is a local responsibility. The state revenue department does not collect or use property taxes, but it does centrally assess the property of large companies. The legislature sets some standards by general acts.

Transportation

Two major interstate highways pass through South Dakota: Interstate 90, which runs east and west; and Interstate 29, running north and south in the eastern portion of the state. The counties and towns along Interstate 29 make up what is locally referred to as "the I-29 corrider." This area features generally higher rates of population and economic growth than areas in eastern South Dakota that are further from the interstate. Interstate 90, being a major route between western national parks and large cities to the east, brings many out-of-state travellers through South Dakota, thus helping to boost the tourism and hospitality industries. Also located in the state are the shorter interstates 190, a spur into central Rapid City, and 229, a loop around eastern and southern Sioux Falls.

Several major U.S. highways pass through the state. U.S. routes 12, 14, 16, 18, and 212 travel east and west, while U.S. routes 81, 83, 85 and 281 run north and south.


Demographics

South Dakota has a number of large Indian reservations (shown in pink).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2005, South Dakota had an estimated population of 775,933, which is an increase of 5,312, or 0.7 percent, from the prior year and an increase of 21,093, or 2.8 percent, since the year 2000. The five largest ancestry groups in South Dakota are: German (40.7 percent), Norwegian (15.3 percent), Irish (10.4 percent), Native American (8.3 percent), and English (7.1 percent).

South Dakota is predominately Christian (86 percent), with the largest percentages being either Lutheran (27 percent) or Roman Catholic (25 percent).

Population distribution

German-Americans are the largest ancestry group in most parts of the state, especially in the east, although there are also large Scandinavian populations in some counties. American Indians, largely Sioux, are predominant in several counties. South Dakota has the fourth highest proportion of Native Americans of any state, behind Alaska, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.

File:South Dakota population map.png
South Dakota Population Density Map

Rural flight

South Dakota, in common with five other Midwest states (Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and Iowa), is experiencing a trend of falling populations in rural counties, despite an overall increase in population for all of these states except North Dakota. Eighty-nine percent of the total number of cities in these six states have fewer than 3,000 people; hundreds have fewer than 1000. Between 1996 and 2004, almost half a million people, nearly half with college degrees, left the six states. "Rural flight" as it is called has led to offers of free land and tax breaks as enticements to newcomers.

Education

  • Augustana College—Sioux Falls
  • Black Hills State University
  • Dakota State University
  • Dakota Wesleyan University
  • Mount Marty College
  • National American University
  • Northern State University
  • Oglala Lakota College
  • Presentation College
  • Sinte Gleska University
  • South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
  • South Dakota State University
  • University of Sioux Falls
  • University of South Dakota
  • South Dakota Public Universities and Research Center

National Parks and Monuments

Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills

South Dakota contains several sites that are protected by the National Park Service. Two national parks have been established in South Dakota, both of which are located in the southwestern part of the state. Badlands National Park was created in 1978. The park features a highly eroded, brightly-colored landscape surrounded by semi-arid grasslands. Wind Cave National Park, established in 1903 in the Black Hills, contains an extensive cave network as well as a large herd of bison. Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills was established in 1925. The well-known attraction features a mountain carved by sculptor Gutzon Borglum to resemble four former U.S. presidents. Other areas managed by the National Park Service include Jewel Cave National Monument near Custer, the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, which features a decommissioned nuclear missile silo, and the Missouri National Recreational River.


natives

http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/dakotas/sd.html

http://www.senate.gov/~scia/2000hrgs/southdakota_0517/vannorm.pdf

Cheyenne River Crow Creek Lower Brule Pine Ridge Oglala Rosebud Sisseton - Wahpeton Yankton Flandreau Santee

Miscellaneous topics

The deepest mine in the United States, the Homestake gold mine (now defunct) is in the Black Hills of South Dakota, near the town of Lead. Its shaft plunges more than 8,000 feet (2,400 m) beneath the surface. From 1969 to 1993, it was home to the Homestake Chlorine Solar Neutrino Experiment, famous for detecting the solar neutrino problem. The South Dakota State Legislature and governor recently passed legislation giving the mine to the National Science Foundation for use as an underground research laboratory.

South Dakota is home to the largest naturally heated indoor swimming pool in the world. Evans Plunge, heated from natural mineral springs, is in Hot Springs.

The Black Hills of South Dakota was one of the sites considered for the permanent home of the United Nations.

South Dakota has the largest U.S. population of Hutterites, who originally emigrated from Ukraine in 1874, left en masse for Canada in 1918 following persecution over their pacifist religious beliefs, and partially returned in the 1930s.

The largest and most complete fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex ever found was uncovered near Faith in 1990. Named "Sue," the remains are over 90% complete and are currently on display at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.

The 1990 movie Dances with Wolves directed by and starring Kevin Costner as Lieutenant John Dunbar was filmed entirely in South Dakota.

Three US Navy ships have been named USS South Dakota in honor of the state.

Five of South Dakota's counties lie entirely within Indian reservations. They are: Corson, Dewey, Shannon, Todd, and Ziebach.

Pierre is the second-smallest (in terms of population) state capital; only Montpelier, Vermont, has fewer people.


State symbols
  • State bird: Ring-neck Pheasant
  • State flower: American Pasque flower
  • State tree: Black Hills Spruce
  • State nicknames: Mount Rushmore State (official), Coyote state & Sunshine state (both unofficial)
  • State motto: "Under God, the people rule"
  • State slogan: "Great Faces. Great Places."
  • State song: "Hail, South Dakota"
  • State mineral: Rose quartz
  • State insect: Honey bee - Apis mellifera L.
  • State animal: Coyote
  • State fish: Walleye
  • State gemstone: Fairburn agate
  • State jewelry: Black Hills Gold
  • State dessert: Kuchen
  • State drink: Milk
  • State bread: fry bread
  • State grass: Western Wheat grass
  • State sport: Rodeo
  • State fossil: Triceratops
  • State soil: Houdek loam[19]

Famous South Dakotans

  • Sparky Anderson
  • Catherine Bach
  • Bob Barker
  • L. Frank Baum
  • Tom Brokaw
  • Seth Bullock
  • Dave Collins
  • Shawn Colvin
  • Tom Daschle
  • Harvey Dunn
  • Mark Ellis
  • Billy Etbauer
  • Myron Floren
  • Joe Foss
  • Terry Francona
  • Mary GrandPre
  • Chad Greenway

  • George McGovern
  • Russell Means
  • Mike Miller
  • Vernon C. Miller
  • Billy Mills
  • Al Neuharth
  • Pat O'Brien
  • James "Scotty" Philip
  • Eric Piatkowski
  • Dorothy Provine
  • Terry Redlin
  • Joseph Robbie
  • Rain-in-the-Face
  • Red Cloud
  • Sitting Bull

  • David Soul
  • Channing Tatum
  • Jess Thomas
  • Casey Tibbs
  • Norm Van Brocklin
  • Mamie Van Doren
  • Thomas Vanek
  • Adam Vinatieri
  • Abby Whiteside
  • Laura Ingalls Wilder
  • James Edward Zimmerman
  • Korczak Ziółkowski


Foot Notes

  1. Hasselstrom, Linda: Roadside History of South Dakota, pages 2-4. Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1994
  2. List of States by Population Density. www.answers.com. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
  3. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named usgs
  4. Gaultier De La Verendrye, Louis-Joseph. Dictionary of Canadian History. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
  5. Louisiana Purchase. National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
  6. U.S. Mint Coin of the Month
  7. Library of Congress, Dakota Territory and Statehood
  8. Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890. www.eyewitnesstohistory.com. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  9. Drought in the Dust Bowl Years. National Drought Mitigation Center. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  10. Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program. www.answers.com. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
  11. Hetland, Cara. Sioux Falls 25 years after Citibank's arrival. [1] Minnesota Public Radio. 24 February 2006. (accessed 23 March, 2007)
  12. Sweeping out the Plains. www.aliciapatterson.org. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
  13. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. South Dakota Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  14. Nebraska Energy Office. Ethanol Production By State Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  15. NETSTATE.COM South Dakota Economy Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  16. Sturgis.com. Sturgis Rally Attendance Statistics Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  17. South Dakota Department of Tourism. South Dakota Tourism Statistics Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  18. U.S. Census Bureau. States Ranked by Total State Taxes and Per Capita Amount: 2005 Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  19. State of South Dakota. Signs and Symbols of South Dakota Retrieved October 29, 2007.

Resources

External links



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