Difference between revisions of "Shaanxi" - New World Encyclopedia
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| Website = [http://www.shaanxi.gov.cn www.shaanxi.gov.cn] ([[Simplified Chinese]]) | | Website = [http://www.shaanxi.gov.cn www.shaanxi.gov.cn] ([[Simplified Chinese]]) | ||
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| − | '''{{Audio|zh-Shaanxi.ogg|Shaanxi}}''' ({{zh-stpw |s=陕西 |t=陝西 |p=Shǎnxī |w=Shan-hsi}}; [[Chinese Postal Map Romanization|Postal map spelling]]: ''Shensi'') is a [[political divisions of China|province]] of the [[People's Republic of China]] located in the middle of the country. Due to its centered position, the province is landlocked and | + | '''{{Audio|zh-Shaanxi.ogg|Shaanxi}}''' ({{zh-stpw |s=陕西 |t=陝西 |p=Shǎnxī |w=Shan-hsi}}; [[Chinese Postal Map Romanization|Postal map spelling]]: ''Shensi'') is a [[political divisions of China|province]] of the [[People's Republic of China]] located in the middle part of the country. Due to its centered position, the province is landlocked and shares borders with eight provincial areas of China. It borders the autonomous region of [[Inner Mongolia]] to the north, [[Ningxia]] autonomous region to the northwest, [[Gansu]] to the west, [[Sichuan]] to the southwest, [[Chongqing]] municipality to the south, [[Hubei]] to the southeast, [[Henan]] to the east, and [[Shanxi]] to the northeast. The provincial territory includes portions of the [[Loess Plateau]] in the middle reaches of the [[Yellow River]], as well as the [[Qinling]] Mountains, which stretch across the southern part of the province. |
| − | + | According to [[Hanyu Pinyin]] rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighburing province of [[Shanxi]] should be spelled "Shanxi". However, the difference comes from the pronunciation tone: Shānxī and Shǎnxī. To make this difference clear without tonal marks, the spelling "Shaanxi" was contrived (following the [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh|romanization system]] of [[Yuen Ren Chao]]) for the province of Shǎnxī, while Shanxi has typically been used for the province of Shānxī. | |
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | Shaanxi | + | Shaanxi, together with its capital city of [[Xi'an]] is considered to be one of the many points where Chinese civilization first developed. A total of thirteen feudal dynasties established their capitals in this province during a span of over 1,100 years, from the [[Zhou Dynasty]] to the [[Tang Dynasty]]. Shaanxi was also notable as the starting point of the [[Silk Road]], which led from [[China]] to [[Arabia]], and then into [[Europe]], eventually ending in [[Africa]]. |
| − | Under the [[Ming dynasty]], Shaanxi was incorporated into [[Gansu]] but | + | Under the [[Ming dynasty]], Shaanxi was incorporated into [[Gansu]] but the two areas were later separated during the [[Qing dynasty]]. |
One of the most devastating [[earthquakes]] in history occurred near [[Hua Shan]], in the south-eastern part of Shaanxi province on [[January]] 23, [[1556]], killing an estimated 830,000 people. | One of the most devastating [[earthquakes]] in history occurred near [[Hua Shan]], in the south-eastern part of Shaanxi province on [[January]] 23, [[1556]], killing an estimated 830,000 people. | ||
| − | During the early part of [[Chinese communist party|communist]] influence in China, Shaanxi played a significant role as a base of operations for the movement. After the end of the short-lived [[Jiangxi]] soviet, the [[Chinese communist party|communists]] were forced to flee, which signaled the beginning of the [[Long March]] by [[Mao Zedong]] and the rest of the [[Chinese Communists]] to the Shaanxi soviet, which was located at [[Yan'an]]. | + | During the early part of [[Chinese communist party|communist]] influence in China, Shaanxi played a significant role as a base of operations for the initial movement. After the end of the short-lived [[Jiangxi]] soviet, the [[Chinese communist party|communists]] were forced to flee by the [[Kuomingtang|Nationalist]] forces, which signaled the beginning of the [[Long March]] by [[Mao Zedong]] and the rest of the [[Chinese Communists]] to the Shaanxi soviet, which was located at [[Yan'an]]. |
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
| − | [[ | + | Shaanxi has varied topography, with large areas of [[desert]] in the north, running along the border with [[Inner Mongolia]]. In addition, the [[Loess Plateau]] is located in the central part of the province, and the [[Qinling]] mountains run from east to west in the southern part, which is marked by its subtropical climate. |
| − | The northern part of Shaanxi is cold in the winter and very hot in summer with dry | + | The northern part of Shaanxi is cold in the winter and very hot in summer, with dry winters and springs. The southern portion generally receives more rain. The average temperature annually is roughly between 9[[Celsius|°C]] and 16°C, with January temperatures ranging from −11°C to 3.5°C and July temperatures ranging from 21°C to 28°C. |
| − | + | Major cities include: | |
| + | * [[Xi'an]] | ||
| + | * [[Baoji]] | ||
| + | * [[Hanzhong]] | ||
| + | * [[Lintong]] | ||
| + | * [[Tongchuan]] | ||
| + | * [[Xianyang]] | ||
| + | * [[Yan'an]] | ||
| + | * [[Ankang]] | ||
== Administrative divisions == | == Administrative divisions == | ||
| − | Shaanxi | + | [[Image:Giant Wild Goose Pagoda.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in [[Xi'an]] ]] |
| + | Shaanxi is administratively divided into ten [[prefecture-level city|prefecture-level cities]], including its capital city of [[Xi'an]]. These [[prefecture-level city|prefecture-level cities]] are: | ||
| − | * [[Yulin, Shaanxi|Yulin]] | + | * [[Xi'an]] City (西安市 Xī'ān Shì) |
| − | * [[Yan'an]] | + | * [[Yulin, Shaanxi|Yulin]] City (榆林市 Yúlín Shì) |
| − | * [[Tongchuan, Shaanxi|Tongchuan]] | + | * [[Yan'an]] City (延安市 Yán'ān Shì) |
| − | * [[Weinan]] | + | * [[Tongchuan, Shaanxi|Tongchuan]] City (铜川市 Tóngchuān Shì) |
| − | * [[Xianyang]] | + | * [[Weinan]] City (渭南市 Wèinán Shì) |
| − | * [[Baoji]] | + | * [[Xianyang]] City (咸阳市 Xiányáng Shì) |
| − | * [[Shangluo]] | + | * [[Baoji]] City (宝鸡市 Bǎojī Shì) |
| − | * [[Ankang]] | + | * [[Shangluo]] City (商洛市 Shāngluò Shì) |
| − | * [[Hanzhong]] | + | * [[Ankang]] City (安康市 Ānkāng Shì) |
| + | * [[Hanzhong]] City (汉中市 Hànzhōng Shì) | ||
| − | + | The eight [[Political divisions of China#Prefecture-level|prefecture-level divisions]] of Shaanxi are subdivided into 107 [[Political divisions of China#County-level|county-level divisions]], including 24 [[District of China|district]]s, 3 [[county-level cities]], and 80 [[County of China|counties]]. These [[Political divisions of China#County-level|county-level divisions]] are then further divided into 1745 [[Political divisions of China#Township-level|township-level divisions]], resulting in 917 [[town of China|town]]s, 680 [[township of China|township]]s, and 148 [[subdistrict]]s. | |
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
| − | Shaanxi's nominal GDP for 2006 was 438.4 RMB (56.7 billion USD) and GDP | + | Shaanxi's nominal GDP for [[2006]] was 438.4 RMB (56.7 billion USD) and GDP per capita was 11,762 RMB (1,516 USD). The provincial economy ranked 22nd in the entire [[People's Republic of China]]. |
== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
Revision as of 22:52, 17 November 2007
- Not to be confused with the neighboring province of Shanxi.
| 陕西省 Shǎnxī Shěng | |
| Abbreviations: 陕 or 秦 (Pinyin: Shǎn or Qín) | |
| |
| Origin of name | 陕 shǎn - Shanzhou (now Shan County, Henan) 西 xī - west "west of Shanzhou" |
| Administration type | Province |
| Capital (and largest city) |
Xi'an |
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Zhao Leji |
| Governor | Yuan Chunqing |
| Area | 205,800 km² (11th) |
| Population (2004) - Density |
37,050,000 (17th) 180/km² (21st) |
| GDP (2006) - per capita |
CNY 438.4 billion (20th) CNY 11,762 (22nd) |
| HDI (2005) | 0.729 (medium) (23rd) |
| Major nationalities | Han - 99.5% Hui - 0.4% |
| Prefecture-level | 10 divisions |
| County-level | 107 divisions |
| Township-level† | 1745 divisions |
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-61 |
| Official website www.shaanxi.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese) | |
| Source for population and GDP data: 《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005 Source for nationalities data:ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China † As at December 31, 2004
ISBN 7105054255 | |
Shaanxi ▶ (Simplified Chinese: 陕西; Traditional Chinese: 陝西; pinyin: Shǎnxī; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the middle part of the country. Due to its centered position, the province is landlocked and shares borders with eight provincial areas of China. It borders the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia to the north, Ningxia autonomous region to the northwest, Gansu to the west, Sichuan to the southwest, Chongqing municipality to the south, Hubei to the southeast, Henan to the east, and Shanxi to the northeast. The provincial territory includes portions of the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, as well as the Qinling Mountains, which stretch across the southern part of the province.
According to Hanyu Pinyin rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighburing province of Shanxi should be spelled "Shanxi". However, the difference comes from the pronunciation tone: Shānxī and Shǎnxī. To make this difference clear without tonal marks, the spelling "Shaanxi" was contrived (following the romanization system of Yuen Ren Chao) for the province of Shǎnxī, while Shanxi has typically been used for the province of Shānxī.
History
Shaanxi, together with its capital city of Xi'an is considered to be one of the many points where Chinese civilization first developed. A total of thirteen feudal dynasties established their capitals in this province during a span of over 1,100 years, from the Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. Shaanxi was also notable as the starting point of the Silk Road, which led from China to Arabia, and then into Europe, eventually ending in Africa.
Under the Ming dynasty, Shaanxi was incorporated into Gansu but the two areas were later separated during the Qing dynasty.
One of the most devastating earthquakes in history occurred near Hua Shan, in the south-eastern part of Shaanxi province on January 23, 1556, killing an estimated 830,000 people.
During the early part of communist influence in China, Shaanxi played a significant role as a base of operations for the initial movement. After the end of the short-lived Jiangxi soviet, the communists were forced to flee by the Nationalist forces, which signaled the beginning of the Long March by Mao Zedong and the rest of the Chinese Communists to the Shaanxi soviet, which was located at Yan'an.
Geography
Shaanxi has varied topography, with large areas of desert in the north, running along the border with Inner Mongolia. In addition, the Loess Plateau is located in the central part of the province, and the Qinling mountains run from east to west in the southern part, which is marked by its subtropical climate.
The northern part of Shaanxi is cold in the winter and very hot in summer, with dry winters and springs. The southern portion generally receives more rain. The average temperature annually is roughly between 9°C and 16°C, with January temperatures ranging from −11°C to 3.5°C and July temperatures ranging from 21°C to 28°C.
Major cities include:
- Xi'an
- Baoji
- Hanzhong
- Lintong
- Tongchuan
- Xianyang
- Yan'an
- Ankang
Administrative divisions
Shaanxi is administratively divided into ten prefecture-level cities, including its capital city of Xi'an. These prefecture-level cities are:
- Xi'an City (西安市 Xī'ān Shì)
- Yulin City (榆林市 Yúlín Shì)
- Yan'an City (延安市 Yán'ān Shì)
- Tongchuan City (铜川市 Tóngchuān Shì)
- Weinan City (渭南市 Wèinán Shì)
- Xianyang City (咸阳市 Xiányáng Shì)
- Baoji City (宝鸡市 Bǎojī Shì)
- Shangluo City (商洛市 Shāngluò Shì)
- Ankang City (安康市 Ānkāng Shì)
- Hanzhong City (汉中市 Hànzhōng Shì)
The eight prefecture-level divisions of Shaanxi are subdivided into 107 county-level divisions, including 24 districts, 3 county-level cities, and 80 counties. These county-level divisions are then further divided into 1745 township-level divisions, resulting in 917 towns, 680 townships, and 148 subdistricts.
Economy
Shaanxi's nominal GDP for 2006 was 438.4 RMB (56.7 billion USD) and GDP per capita was 11,762 RMB (1,516 USD). The provincial economy ranked 22nd in the entire People's Republic of China.
Demographics
Nearly all the people in Shaanxi are ethnic Han Chinese, with pockets of Hui population in the north western region (adjacent to Ningxia). The southern part of Shaanxi, known as Guanzhong, where the provincial capital Xi'an is located, is more populated compared to the northern part.
Culture
- Qinqiang, the representative folk opera of Shaanxi.
Tourism
- Banpo Neolithic village, near Xi'an
- Daqin Pagoda
- Imperial mausoleums
- Zhao Mausoleum
- Huashan (Mount Hua), one of the five most famous mountains in China.
- Taibaishan (Mount Taibai), the highest peak of the Qinling Range.
- Mausoleum and Terracotta Army Museum of the First Qin Emperor in Xi'an (World Heritage Site)
- The city of Xi'an: City Walls, Great Mosque, Bell Tower and Drum Tower, Forest of Stone Steles Museum, Shaanxi History Museum, Wild Goose Pagoda
- Yan'an, the destination of the Long March and the center of Chinese Communist revolution from 1935 to 1948
- Biang Biang Noodles, one of the "ten strange wonders of Shaanxi" (陝西十大怪)
Miscellaneous topics
Media
- Shaanxi Radio serves Xi'an and the surrounding Shaanxi province area with music, and news.
- The Story of Yue Fei, a 17 – 18th century wuxia fiction novel about the life of Song Dynasty general Yue Fei, says his military arts teacher, Zhou Tong, was from Shaanxi.[1]
Sports
Professional sports teams based in Shaanxi include:
- Chinese Basketball Association
- Shaanxi Kylins
- Chinese Football Association Jia League
- Xi'an Anxinyuan
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ Qian, Cai. General Yue Fei. Trans. Honorable Sir T.L. Yang. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., 1995 (ISBN 978-962-04-1279-0)
External links
- Shaanxi government website (in Mandarin) Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- Large map of Shaanxi Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- Overview of Shaanxi Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- UNESCAP Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- People's Daily Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- Shaanxi travel guide Retrieved November 16, 2007.
| Province-level divisions administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) | |
|---|---|
| Provinces | Anhui · Fujian · Gansu · Guangdong · Guizhou · Hainan · Hebei · Heilongjiang · Henan · Hubei · Hunan · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Jilin · Liaoning · Qinghai · Shaanxi · Shandong · Shanxi · Sichuan · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang |
| Autonomous regions | Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet (Xizang) · Xinjiang |
| Municipalities | Beijing · Chongqing · Shanghai · Tianjin |
| Special administrative regions | Hong Kong · Macau |
Prefecture-level divisions of Shaanxi
| ||||
| List of Shaanxi County-level divisions |
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