Difference between revisions of "Rama I" - New World Encyclopedia
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| image = [[Image:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke portrait.jpg]] | | image = [[Image:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke portrait.jpg]] | ||
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− | | reign = | + | | reign = 6 April, 1782 – 7 September, 1809 |
− | | coronation = | + | | coronation = 6 April, 1782 |
| othertitles = Chao Phraya Chakri (pre-reign military title) | | othertitles = Chao Phraya Chakri (pre-reign military title) | ||
| full name = Thong Duang (birth name) | | full name = Thong Duang (birth name) | ||
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− | '''Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke''' or '''Phutthayotfa''' ( | + | '''Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke''' or '''Phutthayotfa''' (1737 – 1802), posthumously titled '''Rama I the Great''', was [[King of Thailand|King of]] [[Siam]] (now called Thailand) from 1782 to 1809, and the founder of the [[Chakri dynasty]] which rules Thailand to this day. |
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− | + | ==Biography== | |
+ | The future king, whose birth name was Thong Duang was born on March 20, 1737 in [[Ayutthaya]]. His father was a court offical and a nobleman and an ethnic [[Mon people|Mon]]. His mother was part-Chinese.<ref>Baker, Chris</ref><ref>"Rama I", ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9062561/Rama-I Rama I] Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.cpamedia.com/articles/20060622_04/ Down Sampeng Lane: The Story of Bangkok's China Town]</ref><ref>"Thailand: Doing Business in", Reference for Business[http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Str-The/Thailand-Doing-Business-in.html Thailand, doing business in] Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref>. After receiving his education in a Buddhist temple, his father sent him to become a squire for king [[Uthumphon]], and it was at this moment that he met his friend Tak Sin, who would become King [[Taksin]], Rama's future predecessor. After the fall of Ayutthaya, he rejoined the ranks of king Taksin under the name Chao Phraya Chakri. He was given the name Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke posthumously by king [[Rama III]], [[Nangklao]]. Chao Phraya Chakri and [[Phraya Pichai]] were considered Taksin's most valuable generals. | ||
+ | ===Military Service=== | ||
+ | While serving as Taksin's general, Rama conquered [[Vientiane]] in 1778-79, putting the country under vassalage, and removing its [[Emerald Buddha]] and Phra Bang to [[Thonburi]]. In [[april 4]] 1782, when Taksin was declared mad after a [[coup d'etat]] and was later executed, Rama assumed power, establishing the Chakri dynasty. | ||
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+ | ===As King of Siam=== | ||
+ | He was crowned on April 6 as Rama I; the date is now [[Chakri Memorial Day]], a [[public holidays in Thailand|public holiday in Thailand]]. His first act as king was to transfer the capital from Taksin's capital, Thonburi, to what became Bangkok. He set about reforming the adminsitration. He strengthened the Buddhist monastic order, convening a Council in 1788 to decide which scriptures should be considered orthodox. He salvaged Buddhist texts lost in the chaos after the sacking of Ayutthaya by the Burmese in 1767. As king, he was a generous supporter of art and literature, commissioning and funding a Thai translation of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] epic, the [[Ramayana]]. He built his palace, the [[Wat Phra Kaew]], to house the Emerald Buddha, a national treasure believed to have been made in India as early as 43B.C.E., and created a new code of laws, the ''Book of three seals''. He appointed the first [[Supreme Patriarch]] of [[Thai Buddhism]]. | ||
+ | [[Image:Emerald buddha.jpg|thumb|right|The Emerald Buddha]] | ||
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+ | He continued Taksin's task of saving the newly reunited country from attack by [[Burma]], and repulsed several Burmese invasions. Culturally, Rama I also reestablished the traditions of the country by . He also moved the capital from Taksin's capital of Thonburi and built the new capital [[Bangkok]]. As literature was his passion, he also wrote a [[Thai language|Thai]] version of the [[Ramayana]] epos called [[Ramakian]]. | ||
[[Image:Rama1saphanphut0609.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Statue of Rama I at the Phra Buddha Yodfa Memorial Bridge, Bangkok (1932)]] | [[Image:Rama1saphanphut0609.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Statue of Rama I at the Phra Buddha Yodfa Memorial Bridge, Bangkok (1932)]] | ||
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− | + | On his death, he was succeeded by his son prince Isarasundorn, who assumed the throne name of King [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]] (now posthumously titled Rama II). | |
− | + | == Notes == | |
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
− | + | ==External Links== | |
+ | [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/ealc/faculty/dutton/TSsite.html Dutton's Tay Son Timeline] | ||
{{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
{{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|20 March|1737|7 September|1809}} | {{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|20 March|1737|7 September|1809}} | ||
− | {{s-bef|before=[[Taksin]]<br>('''of [[Thonburi]]''')}} | + | {{s-bef|before=[[Taksin]]<br/>('''of [[Thonburi]]''')}} |
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]] | {{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]] | ||
− | |years= | + | |years=1782–1809}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]}} | {{s-aft|after=[[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]}} | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
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+ | [[Category:Biography]] | ||
{{Credit|160769963}} | {{Credit|160769963}} |
Revision as of 17:50, 6 October 2007
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) | ||
---|---|---|
King of Siam | ||
Reign | 6 April, 1782 – 7 September, 1809 | |
Coronation | 6 April, 1782 | |
Full name | Thong Duang (birth name) | |
Titles | Chao Phraya Chakri (pre-reign military title) | |
Born | March 20 1737 | |
Ayutthaya | ||
Died | 7 September 1809 (aged 72) | |
Predecessor | Taksin (of Thonburi) | |
Successor | Buddha Loetla Nabhalai | |
Consort | Queen Amarindra | |
Issue | 42 sons and daughters |
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke or Phutthayotfa (1737 – 1802), posthumously titled Rama I the Great, was King of Siam (now called Thailand) from 1782 to 1809, and the founder of the Chakri dynasty which rules Thailand to this day.
Biography
The future king, whose birth name was Thong Duang was born on March 20, 1737 in Ayutthaya. His father was a court offical and a nobleman and an ethnic Mon. His mother was part-Chinese.[1][2][3][4]. After receiving his education in a Buddhist temple, his father sent him to become a squire for king Uthumphon, and it was at this moment that he met his friend Tak Sin, who would become King Taksin, Rama's future predecessor. After the fall of Ayutthaya, he rejoined the ranks of king Taksin under the name Chao Phraya Chakri. He was given the name Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke posthumously by king Rama III, Nangklao. Chao Phraya Chakri and Phraya Pichai were considered Taksin's most valuable generals.
Military Service
While serving as Taksin's general, Rama conquered Vientiane in 1778-79, putting the country under vassalage, and removing its Emerald Buddha and Phra Bang to Thonburi. In april 4 1782, when Taksin was declared mad after a coup d'etat and was later executed, Rama assumed power, establishing the Chakri dynasty.
As King of Siam
He was crowned on April 6 as Rama I; the date is now Chakri Memorial Day, a public holiday in Thailand. His first act as king was to transfer the capital from Taksin's capital, Thonburi, to what became Bangkok. He set about reforming the adminsitration. He strengthened the Buddhist monastic order, convening a Council in 1788 to decide which scriptures should be considered orthodox. He salvaged Buddhist texts lost in the chaos after the sacking of Ayutthaya by the Burmese in 1767. As king, he was a generous supporter of art and literature, commissioning and funding a Thai translation of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. He built his palace, the Wat Phra Kaew, to house the Emerald Buddha, a national treasure believed to have been made in India as early as 43B.C.E., and created a new code of laws, the Book of three seals. He appointed the first Supreme Patriarch of Thai Buddhism.
He continued Taksin's task of saving the newly reunited country from attack by Burma, and repulsed several Burmese invasions. Culturally, Rama I also reestablished the traditions of the country by . He also moved the capital from Taksin's capital of Thonburi and built the new capital Bangkok. As literature was his passion, he also wrote a Thai version of the Ramayana epos called Ramakian.
On his death, he was succeeded by his son prince Isarasundorn, who assumed the throne name of King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (now posthumously titled Rama II).
Notes
- ↑ Baker, Chris
- ↑ "Rama I", Encyclopedia Britannica Rama I Retrieved October 6, 2007.
- ↑ Down Sampeng Lane: The Story of Bangkok's China Town
- ↑ "Thailand: Doing Business in", Reference for BusinessThailand, doing business in Retrieved October 6, 2007.
External Links
Chakri Dynasty Born: 20 March 1737; Died: 7 September 1809 | ||
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Preceded by: Taksin (of Thonburi) |
King of Siam 1782–1809 |
Succeeded by: Buddha Loetla Nabhalai |
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