Difference between revisions of "Rama I" - New World Encyclopedia

From New World Encyclopedia
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| image          = [[Image:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke portrait.jpg]]
 
| image          = [[Image:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke portrait.jpg]]
 
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| reign          = [[6 April]], [[1782]] [[7 September]], [[1809]]
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| reign          = 6 April, 1782 – 7 September, 1809
| coronation      = [[6 April]], [[1782]]
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| coronation      = 6 April, 1782
 
| othertitles    = Chao Phraya Chakri (pre-reign military title)
 
| othertitles    = Chao Phraya Chakri (pre-reign military title)
 
| full name      = Thong Duang (birth name)
 
| full name      = Thong Duang (birth name)
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'''Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke''' or '''Phutthayotfa''' ([[1737]] [[1802]]), posthumously titled '''Rama I the Great''', was [[King of Thailand|King of]] [[Siam]] (now called Thailand) from 1782 to 1809, and the founder of the [[Chakri dynasty]] which rules Thailand to this day.
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'''Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke''' or '''Phutthayotfa''' (1737 – 1802), posthumously titled '''Rama I the Great''', was [[King of Thailand|King of]] [[Siam]] (now called Thailand) from 1782 to 1809, and the founder of the [[Chakri dynasty]] which rules Thailand to this day.
  
The future king was born on March 20, 1737 in [[Ayutthaya]], his birth name was Thong Duang.  He was born the son of [[Phra Aksorn Sundara Smiantra]], an ethnic [[Mon people|Mon]]<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Thailand|author=[[Chris Baker (writer)|Chris Baker]], [[Pasuk Phongpaichit]]|pages=Back Matter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521816157}}</ref> noble of the kingdom of Ayutthaya, who following the fall of Ayutthaya became Chao Phya Chakri at Pitsanuloke and his part-Chinese wife<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9062561/Rama-I Britannica encyclopedia]</ref><ref>[http://www.cpamedia.com/articles/20060622_04/ Down Sampeng Lane: The Story of Bangkok's China Town]</ref><ref>[http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Str-The/Thailand-Doing-Business-in.html Thailand, doing business in]</ref>. After receiving his education in a Buddhist temple, his father sent him to become a squire for king [[Uthumphon]], and it was at this moment that he met his friend Tak Sin, who would become King [[Taksin]], Rama's future predecessor. After the fall of Ayutthaya, he rejoined the ranks of king Taksin under the name Chao Phraya Chakri. He was given the name Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke posthumously by king [[Rama III]], [[Nangklao]]. Chao Phraya Chakri and [[Phraya Pichai]] were considered Taksin's most valuable generals.
 
  
While serving as Taksin's general, Rama conquered [[Vientiane]] in 1778-79, putting the country under vassalage, and removing its [[Emerald Buddha]] and Phra Bang to [[Thonburi]]. In [[april 4]] [[1782]], when Taksin was declared mad after a [[coup d'etat]] and was later executed, Rama assumed power, establishing the Chakri dynasty. He was crowned on April 6 as Rama I; the date is now [[Chakri Memorial Day]], a [[public holidays in Thailand|public holiday in Thailand]].
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==Biography==
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The future king, whose birth name was Thong Duang was born on March 20, 1737 in [[Ayutthaya]].  His father was a court offical and a nobleman and an ethnic [[Mon people|Mon]].  His mother was part-Chinese.<ref>Baker, Chris</ref><ref>"Rama I", ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9062561/Rama-I Rama I] Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.cpamedia.com/articles/20060622_04/ Down Sampeng Lane: The Story of Bangkok's China Town]</ref><ref>"Thailand: Doing Business in", Reference for Business[http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Str-The/Thailand-Doing-Business-in.html Thailand, doing business in] Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref>. After receiving his education in a Buddhist temple, his father sent him to become a squire for king [[Uthumphon]], and it was at this moment that he met his friend Tak Sin, who would become King [[Taksin]], Rama's future predecessor. After the fall of Ayutthaya, he rejoined the ranks of king Taksin under the name Chao Phraya Chakri. He was given the name Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke posthumously by king [[Rama III]], [[Nangklao]]. Chao Phraya Chakri and [[Phraya Pichai]] were considered Taksin's most valuable generals.
  
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===Military Service===
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While serving as Taksin's general, Rama conquered [[Vientiane]] in 1778-79, putting the country under vassalage, and removing its [[Emerald Buddha]] and Phra Bang to [[Thonburi]]. In [[april 4]] 1782, when Taksin was declared mad after a [[coup d'etat]] and was later executed, Rama assumed power, establishing the Chakri dynasty.
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===As King of Siam===
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He was crowned on April 6 as Rama I; the date is now [[Chakri Memorial Day]], a [[public holidays in Thailand|public holiday in Thailand]]. His first act as king was to transfer the capital from Taksin's capital, Thonburi, to what became Bangkok. He set about reforming the adminsitration.  He strengthened the Buddhist monastic order, convening a Council in 1788 to decide which scriptures should be considered orthodox. He salvaged Buddhist texts lost in the chaos after the sacking of Ayutthaya by the Burmese in 1767. As king, he was a generous supporter of art and literature, commissioning and funding a Thai translation of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] epic, the [[Ramayana]]. He built his palace, the [[Wat Phra Kaew]], to house the Emerald Buddha, a national treasure believed to have been made in India as early as 43B.C.E., and created a new code of laws, the ''Book of three seals''. He appointed the first [[Supreme Patriarch]] of [[Thai Buddhism]].
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[[Image:Emerald buddha.jpg|thumb|right|The Emerald Buddha]]
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He continued Taksin's task of saving the newly reunited country from attack by [[Burma]], and repulsed several Burmese invasions. Culturally, Rama I also reestablished the traditions of the country by . He also moved the capital from Taksin's capital of Thonburi and built the new capital [[Bangkok]].  As literature was his passion, he also wrote a [[Thai language|Thai]] version of the [[Ramayana]] epos called [[Ramakian]].
 
[[Image:Rama1saphanphut0609.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Statue of Rama I at the Phra Buddha Yodfa Memorial Bridge, Bangkok (1932)]]
 
[[Image:Rama1saphanphut0609.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Statue of Rama I at the Phra Buddha Yodfa Memorial Bridge, Bangkok (1932)]]
In [[1785]], the last of the [[Nguyen Lords]], [[Nguyen Anh]] convinced King Chulaloke to give him forces to attack Vietnam (which was under the control of the [[Tay Son]] brothers). However, the joint Nguyen-Siam fleet was destroyed in the [[Battle of Rach Gam–Xoai Mut]] in the [[Mekong]] delta region. Seven years later, Nguyen Anh with more help from the Siamese, staged a series of attacks on [[Saigon]].
 
  
King Rama I continued Taksin's task of saving the newly reunited country from attack by [[Burma]], and repulsed several Burmese invasions. Culturally, Rama I also reestablished the traditions of the country by salvaging Buddhist texts lost in the chaos after the sacking of Ayutthaya by the Burmese in 1767. He also moved the capital from Taksin's capital of Thonburi and built the new capital [[Bangkok]]. In his palace, the [[Wat Phra Kaew]], to house the [[Emerald Buddha]], and created a new code of laws, the ''Book of three seals''. He appointed the first [[Supreme Patriarch]] of [[Thai Buddhism]]. As literature was his passion, he also wrote a [[Thai language|Thai]] version of the [[Ramayana]] epos called [[Ramakian]].
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On his death, he was succeeded by his son prince Isarasundorn, who assumed the throne name of King [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]] (now posthumously titled Rama II).
  
On his death, he was succeeded by his son prince Isarasundorn, who assumed the throne name of King [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]] (now posthumously titled Rama II).
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== Notes ==
  
== Sources ==
 
* [http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/ealc/faculty/dutton/TSsite.html Dutton's Tay Son Timeline]
 
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
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==External Links==
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[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/ealc/faculty/dutton/TSsite.html Dutton's Tay Son Timeline]
 
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{{s-start}}
 
{{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|20 March|1737|7 September|1809}}
 
{{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|20 March|1737|7 September|1809}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Taksin]]<br>('''of [[Thonburi]]''')}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Taksin]]<br/>('''of [[Thonburi]]''')}}
 
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]]
 
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]]
|years=[[1782]]–[[1809]]}}
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|years=1782–1809}}
 
{{s-aft|after=[[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]}}
 
{{s-aft|after=[[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]}}
 
{{end}}
 
{{end}}
  
[[Category:1737 births]]
 
[[Category:1809 deaths]]
 
[[Category:Chakri Dynasty]]
 
[[Category:Mon Thai people]]
 
[[Category:Thai Chinese]]
 
[[Category:Thai monarchs]]
 
  
[[de:Rama I.]]
 
[[es:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke]]
 
[[fr:Rama Ier]]
 
[[it:Rama I]]
 
[[nl:Rama I]]
 
[[ja:ラーマ1世]]
 
[[pl:Buddha Yodfa Chulalok]]
 
[[pt:Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke]]
 
[[th:พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลก]]
 
[[war:Buddha Yodfa Chulalok]]
 
[[zh:拉玛一世]]
 
  
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[[Category:Biography]]
 
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Revision as of 17:50, 6 October 2007

Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I)
King of Siam
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke portrait.jpg
Reign 6 April, 1782 – 7 September, 1809
Coronation 6 April, 1782
Full name Thong Duang (birth name)
Titles Chao Phraya Chakri (pre-reign military title)
Born March 20 1737(1737-03-20)
Ayutthaya
Died 7 September 1809 (aged 72)
Predecessor Taksin (of Thonburi)
Successor Buddha Loetla Nabhalai
Consort Queen Amarindra
Issue 42 sons and daughters

Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke or Phutthayotfa (1737 – 1802), posthumously titled Rama I the Great, was King of Siam (now called Thailand) from 1782 to 1809, and the founder of the Chakri dynasty which rules Thailand to this day.


Biography

The future king, whose birth name was Thong Duang was born on March 20, 1737 in Ayutthaya. His father was a court offical and a nobleman and an ethnic Mon. His mother was part-Chinese.[1][2][3][4]. After receiving his education in a Buddhist temple, his father sent him to become a squire for king Uthumphon, and it was at this moment that he met his friend Tak Sin, who would become King Taksin, Rama's future predecessor. After the fall of Ayutthaya, he rejoined the ranks of king Taksin under the name Chao Phraya Chakri. He was given the name Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke posthumously by king Rama III, Nangklao. Chao Phraya Chakri and Phraya Pichai were considered Taksin's most valuable generals.

Military Service

While serving as Taksin's general, Rama conquered Vientiane in 1778-79, putting the country under vassalage, and removing its Emerald Buddha and Phra Bang to Thonburi. In april 4 1782, when Taksin was declared mad after a coup d'etat and was later executed, Rama assumed power, establishing the Chakri dynasty.

As King of Siam

He was crowned on April 6 as Rama I; the date is now Chakri Memorial Day, a public holiday in Thailand. His first act as king was to transfer the capital from Taksin's capital, Thonburi, to what became Bangkok. He set about reforming the adminsitration. He strengthened the Buddhist monastic order, convening a Council in 1788 to decide which scriptures should be considered orthodox. He salvaged Buddhist texts lost in the chaos after the sacking of Ayutthaya by the Burmese in 1767. As king, he was a generous supporter of art and literature, commissioning and funding a Thai translation of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. He built his palace, the Wat Phra Kaew, to house the Emerald Buddha, a national treasure believed to have been made in India as early as 43B.C.E., and created a new code of laws, the Book of three seals. He appointed the first Supreme Patriarch of Thai Buddhism.

The Emerald Buddha



He continued Taksin's task of saving the newly reunited country from attack by Burma, and repulsed several Burmese invasions. Culturally, Rama I also reestablished the traditions of the country by . He also moved the capital from Taksin's capital of Thonburi and built the new capital Bangkok. As literature was his passion, he also wrote a Thai version of the Ramayana epos called Ramakian.

Statue of Rama I at the Phra Buddha Yodfa Memorial Bridge, Bangkok (1932)

On his death, he was succeeded by his son prince Isarasundorn, who assumed the throne name of King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (now posthumously titled Rama II).

Notes

  1. Baker, Chris
  2. "Rama I", Encyclopedia Britannica Rama I Retrieved October 6, 2007.
  3. Down Sampeng Lane: The Story of Bangkok's China Town
  4. "Thailand: Doing Business in", Reference for BusinessThailand, doing business in Retrieved October 6, 2007.

External Links

Dutton's Tay Son Timeline

Chakri Dynasty
Born: 20 March 1737; Died: 7 September 1809
Preceded by:
Taksin
(
of Thonburi)
King of Siam
1782–1809
Succeeded by: Buddha Loetla Nabhalai

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