Difference between revisions of "Pheasant" - New World Encyclopedia

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{{Taxobox
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| color = pink
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| name = Pheasants
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| image = Bjchwzh.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = [[Elliot's Pheasant]]
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
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| classis = [[Aves]]
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| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
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| familia = [[Phasianidae]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
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| subdivision =
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''[[Ithaginis]]''<br>
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''[[Catreus (genus)|Catreus]]''<br>
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''[[Rheinartia]]''<br>
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''[[Crossoptilon]]''<br>
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''[[Lophura]]''<br>
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''[[Argusianus]]''<br>
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''[[Pucrasia]]''<br>
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''[[Syrmaticus]]''<br>
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''[[Chrysolophus]]''<br>
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''[[Phasianus]]''<br>
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† See also [[partridge]], [[quail]]
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}}
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'''Pheasants''' are a group of large [[bird]]s in the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Galliformes]].
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Pheasant are characterised by strong [[sexual dimorphism]], with males being highly ornate with bright [[colour]]s and adornments such as [[wattle]]s and long [[tail]]s. Males are usually larger than the females, and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young.
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There are 35 [[species]] of pheasant in 11 different [[Genus|genera]]. The best-known is the [[Common Pheasant]] (''Phasianus colchicus'') which is widespread throughout the world in introduced feral populations and in farm operations. Various other pheasant species are popular in aviaries, such as the [[Golden Pheasant]] (''Chrysolophus pictus'').
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In many countries pheasant species are hunted, often illegally, as [[game (food)|game]], and several species are threatened by this and other human activities such as illegal logging and habitat loss.
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==Species in taxonomic order==
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This list is ordered to show relationships between species
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*Blood Pheasant (genus ''[[Ithaginis]]'')
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**[[Blood Pheasant]], (''I. cruentus'')
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*Koklass (genus ''[[Pucrasia]]'')
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**[[Koklass Pheasant]], (''P. macrolopha'')
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*Gallopheasants (genus ''[[Lophura]]'')
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**[[Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. leucomelanos'')
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***[[White-crested Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. hamiltoni'')
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***[[Nepal Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. leucomelanos'')
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***[[Black-backed Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. melanota'')
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***[[Black Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. moffitti'')
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***[[Black-breasted Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. lathami'')
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***[[William's Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. williamsi'')
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***[[Oates' Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. oatesi'')
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***[[Crawfurd's Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. crawfurdi'')
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***[[Lineated Kalij Pheasant]], (''L. l. lineata'')
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**[[Silver Pheasant]], (''L. nycthemera'')
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***(''L. n. nycthemera'')
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***(''L. n. lewisi'')
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***(''L. n. annamensis'')
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***(''L. n. engelbachi'')
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***(''L. n. beli'')
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***(''L. n. berliozi'')
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***(''L. n. rufripes'')
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***(''L. n. ripponi'')
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***(''L. n. occidentalis'')
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***(''L. n. beaulieui'')
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***(''L. n. fokiensis'')
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***(''L. n. whiteheadi'')
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***(''L. n. omeiensis'')
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***(''L. n. rongjiangensis'')
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**[[Imperial Pheasant]], (''L. imperialis'')
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**[[Edward's Pheasant]], (''L. edwardsi'')
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**[[Swinhoe's Pheasant]], (''L. swinhoii'')
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**[[Salvadori's Pheasant]], (''L. inornata'')
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**[[Crestless Fireback Pheasant]], (''L. erythrophthalma'')
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***[[Malayan Crestless Fireback]], (''L. e. erythrophthalma'')
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***[[Bornean Crestless Fireback]], (''L. e. pyronota'')
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**[[Crested Fireback Pheasant]], (''L. ignita'')
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***[[Lesser Bornean Crested Fireback]], (''L. i. ignita'')
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***[[Greater Bornean Crested Fireback]], (''L. i. nobilis'')
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***[[Vieilott's Crested Fireback]], (''L. i. rufa'')
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***[[Delacour's Crested Fireback]], (''L. i. macartneyi'')
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**[[Siamese Fireback]], (''L. diardi'')
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**[[Bulwer's Wattled Pheasant]], (''L. bulweri'')
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*Eared Pheasants (genus ''[[Crossoptilon]]'')
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**[[White-eared Pheasant]], (''C. crossoptilon'')
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**[[Brown Eared Pheasant]], (''C. mantchuricum'')
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**[[Blue Eared Pheasant]], (''C. auritum'')
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*Cheer (genus ''[[Catreus (genus)|Catreus]]'')
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**[[Cheer Pheasant]], (''C. wallichi'')
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*Long-tailed Pheasants (genus ''[[Syrmaticus]]'')
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**[[Reeve's Pheasant]], (''S. reevesi'')
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**[[Elliot's Pheasant]], (''S. ellioti'')
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**[[Bar-tailed Pheasant]], (''S. humiae'')
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**[[Mikado Pheasant]], (''S. mikado'')
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**[[Copper Pheasant]], (''S. soemmerringi'')
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*True Pheasants (genus ''[[Phasianus]]'')
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**[[Green Pheasant]] (''P. versicolor'')
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**[[Common Pheasant]], (''P. colchicus'')
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***Pheasant (''P.c. colchicus'')
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***Ringnecked Pheasant (''P.c. torquatus'')
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*Ruffed Pheasants (genus ''[[Chrysolophus]]'')
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**[[Golden Pheasant]], (''C. pictus'')
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**[[Lady Amherst's Pheasant]], (''C. amherstiae'')
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*Peacock Pheasants (genus ''[[Polyplectron]]'')
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**[[Bronze-tailed Peacock Pheasant]], (''P. chalcurum'')
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**[[Mountain Peacock Pheasant]], (''P. inopinatum'')
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**[[Germain's Peacock Pheasant]], (''P. germaini'')
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**[[Grey Peacock Pheasant]] (''P. bicalcaratum'')
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**[[Malaysian Peacock Pheasant]], (''P. malacense'')
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**[[Bornean Peacock Pheasant]], (''P. schleiermacheri'')
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**[[Palawan Peacock Pheasant]], (''P. emphanum'')
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*Crested Argus (genus ''[[Rheinartia]]'')
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**[[Crested Argus Pheasant]], (''R. ocellata'')
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*Great Argus (genus ''[[Argusianus]]'')
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**[[Great Argus|Great Argus Pheasant]], (''A. argus'')
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**[[Double-banded Argus]], (''Argusianus bipunctatus '')
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[[Image:Pheasant Fowling Showing how to catch Pheasants Fac simile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of the Livre du Roy Modus Fourteenth Century.png|right|thumb|Pheasant Fowling.—"Showing how to catch Pheasants."—Fac-simile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of the "Livre du Roy Modus" (Fourteenth Century).]]
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==References==
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*[[William Beebe|Beebe, William]]. 1918-22. ''A Monograph of the Pheasants.'' 1st edition in 4 volumes: H. F. Witherby, London. Reprint: 1990, Dover Publications.(4 volumes bound as 2). ISBN 0-486-26579-X and ISBN 0-486-26580-3. Republished as: ''Pheasants: Their Lives and Homes''. 2 vols. 1926. Single volume edition: [[New York Zoological Society]], 1936.)
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*Green-Armytage, Stephen. 2002. ''Extraordinary Pheasants.''[[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]], New York. Book ISBN 0-8109-1007-1.
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* Madge and McGowan, ''Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse'' ISBN 0-7136-3966-0
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==External links==
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* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMFindResults.asp&hdnAction=SEARCH&hdnPageMode=0&cboFamily=11&txtGenus=&txtSpecies=&txtCommonName=&cboRegion=-2&cboCountry=-2 Birdlife International status page]
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* [http://www.il-st-acad-sci.org/kingdom/bird002e.html#phasianus Illinois State Academy of Science (ISAS)]
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* [http://www.gbwf.org/pheasants/index.html Pheasants & Peafowl - Aviculture & Conservation]
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* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=38 Pheasant videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
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* [http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/ring_necked_pheasant_info.htm Pheasant Information and Photos] - South Dakota Birds and Birding
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* [http://www.league.org.uk/content.asp?CategoryID=1593]
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* [http://www.pheasantsforever.org/page/home.jsp Pheasant Conservation]
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[[Category:Life sciences]]
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{{credit|150716054}}

Revision as of 00:19, 14 August 2007


Pheasants
Elliot's Pheasant
Elliot's Pheasant
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Genera

Ithaginis
Catreus
Rheinartia
Crossoptilon
Lophura
Argusianus
Pucrasia
Syrmaticus
Chrysolophus
Phasianus
† See also partridge, quail

Pheasants are a group of large birds in the order Galliformes.

Pheasant are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, with males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles and long tails. Males are usually larger than the females, and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young.

There are 35 species of pheasant in 11 different genera. The best-known is the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) which is widespread throughout the world in introduced feral populations and in farm operations. Various other pheasant species are popular in aviaries, such as the Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus).

In many countries pheasant species are hunted, often illegally, as game, and several species are threatened by this and other human activities such as illegal logging and habitat loss.

Species in taxonomic order

This list is ordered to show relationships between species

  • Blood Pheasant (genus Ithaginis)
    • Blood Pheasant, (I. cruentus)
  • Koklass (genus Pucrasia)
    • Koklass Pheasant, (P. macrolopha)
  • Gallopheasants (genus Lophura)
    • Kalij Pheasant, (L. leucomelanos)
      • White-crested Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. hamiltoni)
      • Nepal Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. leucomelanos)
      • Black-backed Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. melanota)
      • Black Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. moffitti)
      • Black-breasted Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. lathami)
      • William's Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. williamsi)
      • Oates' Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. oatesi)
      • Crawfurd's Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. crawfurdi)
      • Lineated Kalij Pheasant, (L. l. lineata)
    • Silver Pheasant, (L. nycthemera)
      • (L. n. nycthemera)
      • (L. n. lewisi)
      • (L. n. annamensis)
      • (L. n. engelbachi)
      • (L. n. beli)
      • (L. n. berliozi)
      • (L. n. rufripes)
      • (L. n. ripponi)
      • (L. n. occidentalis)
      • (L. n. beaulieui)
      • (L. n. fokiensis)
      • (L. n. whiteheadi)
      • (L. n. omeiensis)
      • (L. n. rongjiangensis)
    • Imperial Pheasant, (L. imperialis)
    • Edward's Pheasant, (L. edwardsi)
    • Swinhoe's Pheasant, (L. swinhoii)
    • Salvadori's Pheasant, (L. inornata)
    • Crestless Fireback Pheasant, (L. erythrophthalma)
      • Malayan Crestless Fireback, (L. e. erythrophthalma)
      • Bornean Crestless Fireback, (L. e. pyronota)
    • Crested Fireback Pheasant, (L. ignita)
      • Lesser Bornean Crested Fireback, (L. i. ignita)
      • Greater Bornean Crested Fireback, (L. i. nobilis)
      • Vieilott's Crested Fireback, (L. i. rufa)
      • Delacour's Crested Fireback, (L. i. macartneyi)
    • Siamese Fireback, (L. diardi)
    • Bulwer's Wattled Pheasant, (L. bulweri)
  • Eared Pheasants (genus Crossoptilon)
    • White-eared Pheasant, (C. crossoptilon)
    • Brown Eared Pheasant, (C. mantchuricum)
    • Blue Eared Pheasant, (C. auritum)
  • Cheer (genus Catreus)
    • Cheer Pheasant, (C. wallichi)
  • Long-tailed Pheasants (genus Syrmaticus)
    • Reeve's Pheasant, (S. reevesi)
    • Elliot's Pheasant, (S. ellioti)
    • Bar-tailed Pheasant, (S. humiae)
    • Mikado Pheasant, (S. mikado)
    • Copper Pheasant, (S. soemmerringi)
  • True Pheasants (genus Phasianus)
    • Green Pheasant (P. versicolor)
    • Common Pheasant, (P. colchicus)
      • Pheasant (P.c. colchicus)
      • Ringnecked Pheasant (P.c. torquatus)
  • Ruffed Pheasants (genus Chrysolophus)
    • Golden Pheasant, (C. pictus)
    • Lady Amherst's Pheasant, (C. amherstiae)
  • Peacock Pheasants (genus Polyplectron)
    • Bronze-tailed Peacock Pheasant, (P. chalcurum)
    • Mountain Peacock Pheasant, (P. inopinatum)
    • Germain's Peacock Pheasant, (P. germaini)
    • Grey Peacock Pheasant (P. bicalcaratum)
    • Malaysian Peacock Pheasant, (P. malacense)
    • Bornean Peacock Pheasant, (P. schleiermacheri)
    • Palawan Peacock Pheasant, (P. emphanum)
  • Crested Argus (genus Rheinartia)
    • Crested Argus Pheasant, (R. ocellata)
  • Great Argus (genus Argusianus)
    • Great Argus Pheasant, (A. argus)
    • Double-banded Argus, (Argusianus bipunctatus )
Pheasant Fowling.—"Showing how to catch Pheasants."—Fac-simile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of the "Livre du Roy Modus" (Fourteenth Century).

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Beebe, William. 1918-22. A Monograph of the Pheasants. 1st edition in 4 volumes: H. F. Witherby, London. Reprint: 1990, Dover Publications.(4 volumes bound as 2). ISBN 0-486-26579-X and ISBN 0-486-26580-3. Republished as: Pheasants: Their Lives and Homes. 2 vols. 1926. Single volume edition: New York Zoological Society, 1936.)
  • Green-Armytage, Stephen. 2002. Extraordinary Pheasants.Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York. Book ISBN 0-8109-1007-1.
  • Madge and McGowan, Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse ISBN 0-7136-3966-0

External links

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