Difference between revisions of "Marlin" - New World Encyclopedia
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− | '''Marlin''' is the common name for several, large marine [[billfish]] in the family Istiophoridae. As with the other members of the family, known as | + | '''Marlin''' is the common name for several, large marine [[billfish]] in the family [[Istiophoridae]] of the bony fish order [[Perciformes]]. As with the other members of the family, known as [[sailfish]]es and [[spearfish]]es, the marlins are characterized by a rounded bill, elongate pelvic fins, a dorsal fin with a very long base, depressible into groove, and adults with scales and with teeth. |
− | + | Traditionally, those fish known as marlins have been placed into two [[genera]], the blue and black marlins comprising the [[genus]] ''Makaira'' and the white and striped marlins in the genus ''Tetraputurs'' (with the spearfishes). However, different taxonomic schemes are recognized, with a recent classification placing the black marlin (''M. indica'') in its own genus ''Istiompax'' (as ''Istiompax indica''), and the white and striped martins moved to their own genus, ''Kajikia''. In addition, the blue marlin is variously recognized as one species (''Makaira nigricans'') or divided into two species' (Indo-Pacific blue marlin, ''M. mazara'', and Atlantic blue marlin, ''M. nigricans''). | |
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− | Traditionally, those fish known as marlins have been placed into two [[genera]], the blue and black marlins comprising the genus ''Makaira'' and the white and striped marlins in the genus ''Tetraputurs'' (with the spearfishes). However, different taxonomic schemes are recognized, with a recent classification placing the black marlin (''M. indica'') in its own genus ''Istiompax'' (as ''Istiompax indica''), and the white and striped martins moved to their own genus, ''Kajikia''. In addition, the blue marlin is variously recognized as one species (''Makaira nigricans'') or divided into two species' (Indo-Pacific blue marlin, ''M. mazara'' and Atlantic blue marlin, '' | ||
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==Overview and description== | ==Overview and description== | ||
− | + | The ''Istiophoridae'' family, to which the marlins, [[sailfish]]es, and [[spearfish]]es belong, are a family of [[bony fish]] in the [[Perciformes]] order. Nelson (2006) places this family in the Scombroidei suborder, but Collette et al. (2006) places this family into the Xiphiodei suborder together with the similar [[swordfish]]es comprising family Xiphiidae. Members of the Istiophoridae family are characterized by a bill that is rounded; a lateral line retained throughout life; elongate pelvic fins; scales present in the adult; jaws with teeth in the adult; a dorsal fin with a very long base that is sometimes sail-like and is depressible into a groove; 24 vertebrae; and a caudal peduncle in the adult with two keels on each side (Nelson 2006). The members of this family also share many characteristics with the swordfishes, including an elongate premaxillary bill (rostrum) in adults; dorsal fin origin over back of head; pectorals low on body; first dorsal fin lacking true spines, among other traits (see [[billfish]]). | |
− | Traditional classifications, such as Nelson (2006, 1994), recognize three genera in . | + | Traditional classifications, such as Nelson (2006, 1994), recognize three genera in Istiophoridae: ''Istiophorus'' (sailfishes), ''Tetrapturus'' (spearfishes), and ''Makaira'' (marlins) (Nelson 2006; Agbayani 2008). These taxonomies also recognize the blue and black marlins to comprise the genus ''Makaira'' and the white and striped marlins as being part of the spearfish genus of ''Tetrapturus''. However, Collette et al. (2006), utilizing genetic and morphological data, recommend that Istiophoridae be divided into five genera, and this recommendation is followed by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2008), which recognizes the following five genera: ''Istiompax'' (black marlin), ''Istiophorus'' (sailfish), ''Kajikia'', ''Makaira'' (blue marlin, marlins), and ''Tetrapturus'' (spearfishes). |
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− | ITIS recognizes five genera | ||
Nelson (2006) calls the genus ... the marlins, and recognizes three species: | Nelson (2006) calls the genus ... the marlins, and recognizes three species: | ||
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+ | This genus is characterized by... | ||
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In this, he followed Nakamura (1983) who separate the ... from ... based on .. | In this, he followed Nakamura (1983) who separate the ... from ... based on .. | ||
However, Collette et al. (2006) and Nelson et al. (2004) notes that blue marlin... | However, Collette et al. (2006) and Nelson et al. (2004) notes that blue marlin... |
Revision as of 14:17, 28 December 2008
Marlin | ||||||||||
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Striped marlin, Tetrapturus audax
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Scientific classification | ||||||||||
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Makaira |
Marlin is the common name for several, large marine billfish in the family Istiophoridae of the bony fish order Perciformes. As with the other members of the family, known as sailfishes and spearfishes, the marlins are characterized by a rounded bill, elongate pelvic fins, a dorsal fin with a very long base, depressible into groove, and adults with scales and with teeth.
Traditionally, those fish known as marlins have been placed into two genera, the blue and black marlins comprising the genus Makaira and the white and striped marlins in the genus Tetraputurs (with the spearfishes). However, different taxonomic schemes are recognized, with a recent classification placing the black marlin (M. indica) in its own genus Istiompax (as Istiompax indica), and the white and striped martins moved to their own genus, Kajikia. In addition, the blue marlin is variously recognized as one species (Makaira nigricans) or divided into two species' (Indo-Pacific blue marlin, M. mazara, and Atlantic blue marlin, M. nigricans).
Marlin are rarely table fare, appearing mostly in fine dining restaurants. Most modern sport fishermen release marlin after unhooking. However, the old fisherman in Ernest Hemingway's novella The Old Man and the Sea was storied to have caught an 18-foot marlin in order to sell its meat at market.
Some large marlin, which may be able to set a record, are taken and weighed on shore. These records are most often recorded in the IGFA World Record Game Fish books.
Overview and description
The Istiophoridae family, to which the marlins, sailfishes, and spearfishes belong, are a family of bony fish in the Perciformes order. Nelson (2006) places this family in the Scombroidei suborder, but Collette et al. (2006) places this family into the Xiphiodei suborder together with the similar swordfishes comprising family Xiphiidae. Members of the Istiophoridae family are characterized by a bill that is rounded; a lateral line retained throughout life; elongate pelvic fins; scales present in the adult; jaws with teeth in the adult; a dorsal fin with a very long base that is sometimes sail-like and is depressible into a groove; 24 vertebrae; and a caudal peduncle in the adult with two keels on each side (Nelson 2006). The members of this family also share many characteristics with the swordfishes, including an elongate premaxillary bill (rostrum) in adults; dorsal fin origin over back of head; pectorals low on body; first dorsal fin lacking true spines, among other traits (see billfish).
Traditional classifications, such as Nelson (2006, 1994), recognize three genera in Istiophoridae: Istiophorus (sailfishes), Tetrapturus (spearfishes), and Makaira (marlins) (Nelson 2006; Agbayani 2008). These taxonomies also recognize the blue and black marlins to comprise the genus Makaira and the white and striped marlins as being part of the spearfish genus of Tetrapturus. However, Collette et al. (2006), utilizing genetic and morphological data, recommend that Istiophoridae be divided into five genera, and this recommendation is followed by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2008), which recognizes the following five genera: Istiompax (black marlin), Istiophorus (sailfish), Kajikia, Makaira (blue marlin, marlins), and Tetrapturus (spearfishes).
Nelson (2006) calls the genus ... the marlins, and recognizes three species:
This genus is characterized by...
In this, he followed Nakamura (1983) who separate the ... from ... based on .. However, Collette et al. (2006) and Nelson et al. (2004) notes that blue marlin...
Nelson (2006) also recognizes the white and ... marlins in genus......
Collette recommends
This is followed by ITIS 2008
Marlin, Istiophoridae, is a member of a group of marine fish known as "billfish", and is closely linked to the freshwater trout. A marlin has an elongated body, a spear-like snout, and a long rigid dorsal fin, which extends forwards to form a crest. Its common name is thought to derive from its notional resemblance to a sailor's marlinspike.[1] Even more so than their close relatives the scombrids, marlin are known to be incredibly fast swimmers, reaching speeds of about 110 kilometers per hour (68 mph).[2][3]
The larger species include the Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, which have been reliably recorded in excess of 2 meters (6.6 ft) in length and 120 kilograms (260 lb) in weight, and the Black marlin, Makaira indica, which have been reliably recorded in excess of 5 meters (16 ft) in length and 670 kilograms (1,500 lb) in weight. They are popular sporting fish in certain tropical areas.
Classification
Traditional classification (Nelson 1994; Nelson 2006)
Classificaiton following Collette et al. (2006) and ITIS (2008)
Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) — white marlin
Species Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887) — striped marlin
although some recent taxonomies place the black marlin in genus Istiompax. The white and striped marlins are place dwith the spearfishes in the genus Tetrapturus or in their own genus Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) — white marlin Species Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887) — striped marlin.
two or three species depending whether th eblue marlin is recognized as one or two species
Istiompax Whitley, 1931 — black marlin
Genus Istiophorus Lacepède, 1801 — sailfish Genus Kajikia Hirasaka and Nakamura, 1947 Genus Makaira Lacepède, 1802 — blue marlin, marlins Genus Tetrapturus Rafinesque, 1810 — spearfishes
The marlins are perciform fish, most closely related to the swordfish and Scombridae.
Family Istiophoridae
- Genus Istiophorus
- Istiophorus albicans - Atlantic Sailfish
- Istiophorus platypterus - Indo-Pacific Sailfish
- Genus Makaira
- Makaira indica - Black Marlin
- Makaira mazara - Indo-Pacific Blue Marlin
- Makaira nigricans - Atlantic Blue Marlin
- Genus Tetrapturus
- Tetrapturus albidus - Atlantic White Marlin
- Tetrapturus angustirostris - Shortbill Spearfish
- Tetrapturus audax - Striped Marlin
- Tetrapturus belone - Mediterranean Spearfish
- Tetrapturus georgii - Roundscale Spearfish
- Tetrapturus pfluegeri - Longbill Spearfish
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ Douglas Harper (November 2001). marlin. Online Etymological Dictionary.
- ↑ Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). in Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N.: Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press, 190–191. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ↑ The world's fastest fish
- "Istiophoridae". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. November 2005 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2005.
- Block, B. A., J. R. Finnerty, A. F. R. Stewart, and J. Kidd. 1993. Evolution of endothermy in fish: Mapping physiological traits on a molecular phylogeny. Science 260: 210-214.
- Collette, B. B., J. R. McDowell, and J. E. Graves. 2006. Phylogeny of recent billfishes (Xiphioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science 79(3): 455-468. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
- Hebrank, J. H., M. R. Hebrank, J. H. Long, B. A. Block, and S. A. Wainwright. 1990. [http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/148/1/449.pdf Backbone mechanics of the blue marlin Makaira nigricans (Pisces, Istiophoridae). J. Exp. Biol 148: 449-459. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2008. Istiophoridae ITIS Taxonomic Serial No.: 172486. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
- Nakamura, I. 1983. Systematics of the billfishes (Xiphiidae and Istiophoridae). Publ. Seto Mar Biol Lab 28: 255-396.
- Nelson, J. S. 2006. Fishes of the World, 4th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471250317.
- Nelson, J. S. 1994. Fishes of the World, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471547131.
- Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Perez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, 6th edition. Bethesda, MA: American Fisheries Society Special Publication 29.
External links
- News article: Marlin spears fisherman as it leaps across boat
- 'Ghost Fish' Revelation May Alter Marlin's Status from National Public Radio
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