Difference between revisions of "Lord John Boyd Orr of Brechin" - New World Encyclopedia
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| + | [[image:Orr.jpg|thumb|right|Lord Boyd of Brechin]] | ||
[[Image:Boydorrshouse.JPG|right|thumb|The birthplace of Lord Boyd Orr - Holland Green, Fenwick Road, Kilmaurs.]] | [[Image:Boydorrshouse.JPG|right|thumb|The birthplace of Lord Boyd Orr - Holland Green, Fenwick Road, Kilmaurs.]] | ||
| − | '''Sir John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr''' ( | + | '''Sir John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr''' (September 23, 1880 – June 25, 1971) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Physician|doctor]], [[biologist]] and [[politician]] who received the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for his scientific research into [[nutrition]] and his work with the [[United Nations]] [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO). |
| + | |||
| + | ==Biography== | ||
Orr grew up in [[Kilmaurs]], near [[Kilmarnock]], [[East Ayrshire]], Scotland, a rural community where he studied at [[Kilmarnock Academy]], then studying to become a teacher at a teachers' college and the [[University of Glasgow]], where he studied Arts. | Orr grew up in [[Kilmaurs]], near [[Kilmarnock]], [[East Ayrshire]], Scotland, a rural community where he studied at [[Kilmarnock Academy]], then studying to become a teacher at a teachers' college and the [[University of Glasgow]], where he studied Arts. | ||
| + | ===Education=== | ||
After three years of teaching, he returned to the university to study medicine and biology, and after short stints of practice he became a researcher. His first job was as director of a nutrition institute in [[Aberdeen, Scotland|Aberdeen]], which he started from scratch. | After three years of teaching, he returned to the university to study medicine and biology, and after short stints of practice he became a researcher. His first job was as director of a nutrition institute in [[Aberdeen, Scotland|Aberdeen]], which he started from scratch. | ||
| + | ===World War II=== | ||
During the [[World War I|First World War]] he served as a military doctor for both the [[British Army]] and [[Royal Navy]], firstly in active duty and later as a researcher into military diets. | During the [[World War I|First World War]] he served as a military doctor for both the [[British Army]] and [[Royal Navy]], firstly in active duty and later as a researcher into military diets. | ||
| + | ===Contribution to World Food Production and Distribution=== | ||
After the war, he spent another decade at the renamed [[Rowett Research Institute]], for which he demonstrated a talent for raising considerable amounts of money allowing the institute to be considerably expanded. Through the 1920's, his own research was devoted mainly to animal nutrition, his focus changed to human nutrition both as a researcher and an active lobbyist and propagandist for improving people's diets. | After the war, he spent another decade at the renamed [[Rowett Research Institute]], for which he demonstrated a talent for raising considerable amounts of money allowing the institute to be considerably expanded. Through the 1920's, his own research was devoted mainly to animal nutrition, his focus changed to human nutrition both as a researcher and an active lobbyist and propagandist for improving people's diets. | ||
| + | ===Rector of Glasgow University=== | ||
Orr, by now [[Rector]] of [[University of Glasgow]], was elected as [[Member of Parliament]] for the [[Combined Scottish Universities (UK Parliament constituency)|Combined Scottish Universities]] in a [[by-election]] in April 1945 as an independent, and kept his seat at the [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|general election]] shortly after. He resigned in 1946. | Orr, by now [[Rector]] of [[University of Glasgow]], was elected as [[Member of Parliament]] for the [[Combined Scottish Universities (UK Parliament constituency)|Combined Scottish Universities]] in a [[by-election]] in April 1945 as an independent, and kept his seat at the [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|general election]] shortly after. He resigned in 1946. | ||
After the [[Second World War]], Boyd Orr resigned from the Rowett Institute, and took several posts, most notably at the FAO, where his comprehensive plans for improving food production and its equitable distribution failed to get the support of Britain and the US. | After the [[Second World War]], Boyd Orr resigned from the Rowett Institute, and took several posts, most notably at the FAO, where his comprehensive plans for improving food production and its equitable distribution failed to get the support of Britain and the US. | ||
| − | He then resigned from the FAO and became director of a number of companies and proved a canny investor in the stock market, making a considerable personal fortune, such that when he received the Nobel Prize in | + | He then resigned from the FAO and became director of a number of companies and proved a canny investor in the stock market, making a considerable personal fortune, such that when he received the Nobel Prize in 1949 he was able to donate the entire amount to organizations devoted to world peace and a united world government. (The [[American Friends Service Committee]] was one of his nominators.<ref>AFSC's Past Nobel Prize Nominations, American Friends' Service Committee[http://www.afsc.org/about/nobel/past-nominations.htm AFSC's Past Nobel Nominations] Retrieved July 17, 2007.</ref>) He was elevated to the peerage in 1949 as Baron Boyd-Orr. |
| + | ==Nobel Peace Prize, 1949== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Legacy== | ||
In 1960 Boyd Orr was elected the first president of the [[World Academy of Art Science]], which was set up by eminent scientists of the day concerned about the potential misuse of scientific discoveries, most especially nuclear weapons. | In 1960 Boyd Orr was elected the first president of the [[World Academy of Art Science]], which was set up by eminent scientists of the day concerned about the potential misuse of scientific discoveries, most especially nuclear weapons. | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | * | + | |
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''As I Recall'', with an Introduction by Ritchie Calder. London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1966. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''Fighting for What?'' London: Macmillan, 1942. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''Food and the People''. London: Pilot Press, 1943. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''Food, Health and Income''. London: Macmillan, 1936. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''Food: The Foundation of World Unity''. London: National Peace Council, 1948. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''International Liaison Committee of Organisations for Peace: A New Strategy of Peace''. London: National Peace Council, 1950. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''Minerals in Pastures and Their Relation to Animal Nutrition''. London: Lewis, 1929. | |
| − | + | ||
| + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''The National Food Supply and Its Influence on National Health''. London: King, 1934. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, "Nutritional Science and State Planning", in ''What Science Stands For'', ed. by John Boyd Orr et al. London: Allen & Unwin, 1937. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''The White Man's Dilemma: Food and the Future''. With the cooperation of David Lubbock. London, Allen & Unwin, 1953. (2nd ea., 1964.) | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, ''The Wonderful World of Food: The Substance of Life''. Garden City, NY: Garden City Books, 1958. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Boyd Orr, Lord John, and David Lubbock, ''Feeding the People in Wartime''. London: Macmillan, 1940. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Calder, Ritchie, "The Man and his Message", in ''Food for a Hungry World'', a special issue of ''Survey Graphic'', 37 (March, 1948) 99-104. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Hambidge, Gove, ''The Story of FAO''. New York, Van Nostrand, 1955. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Kay, H D "John Boyd Orr. Baron Boyd Orr of Brechin Mearns. 1880-1971", ''Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society'' 18, pp 43-81. Nov, 1972 | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Vries, Eva de, ''Life and Work of Sir John Boyd Orr''. Wageningen, The Netherlands, Veenman, 1948. | ||
| + | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| − | * [http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1949/index.html Nobel Committee information on 1949 Peace Prize] | + | * [http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1949/index.html Nobel Committee information on 1949 Peace Prize] Retrieved July 17, 2007. |
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| − | |||
[[Category:History and biography]] | [[Category:History and biography]] | ||
Revision as of 16:50, 17 July 2007
Sir John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr (September 23, 1880 – June 25, 1971) was a Scottish doctor, biologist and politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition and his work with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Biography
Orr grew up in Kilmaurs, near Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland, a rural community where he studied at Kilmarnock Academy, then studying to become a teacher at a teachers' college and the University of Glasgow, where he studied Arts.
Education
After three years of teaching, he returned to the university to study medicine and biology, and after short stints of practice he became a researcher. His first job was as director of a nutrition institute in Aberdeen, which he started from scratch.
World War II
During the First World War he served as a military doctor for both the British Army and Royal Navy, firstly in active duty and later as a researcher into military diets.
Contribution to World Food Production and Distribution
After the war, he spent another decade at the renamed Rowett Research Institute, for which he demonstrated a talent for raising considerable amounts of money allowing the institute to be considerably expanded. Through the 1920's, his own research was devoted mainly to animal nutrition, his focus changed to human nutrition both as a researcher and an active lobbyist and propagandist for improving people's diets.
Rector of Glasgow University
Orr, by now Rector of University of Glasgow, was elected as Member of Parliament for the Combined Scottish Universities in a by-election in April 1945 as an independent, and kept his seat at the general election shortly after. He resigned in 1946.
After the Second World War, Boyd Orr resigned from the Rowett Institute, and took several posts, most notably at the FAO, where his comprehensive plans for improving food production and its equitable distribution failed to get the support of Britain and the US. He then resigned from the FAO and became director of a number of companies and proved a canny investor in the stock market, making a considerable personal fortune, such that when he received the Nobel Prize in 1949 he was able to donate the entire amount to organizations devoted to world peace and a united world government. (The American Friends Service Committee was one of his nominators.[1]) He was elevated to the peerage in 1949 as Baron Boyd-Orr.
Nobel Peace Prize, 1949
Legacy
In 1960 Boyd Orr was elected the first president of the World Academy of Art Science, which was set up by eminent scientists of the day concerned about the potential misuse of scientific discoveries, most especially nuclear weapons.
The University of Glasgow has a building named after John Boyd Orr, and the University's Hunterian Museum holds his Nobel medal.
Notes
- ↑ AFSC's Past Nobel Prize Nominations, American Friends' Service CommitteeAFSC's Past Nobel Nominations Retrieved July 17, 2007.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, As I Recall, with an Introduction by Ritchie Calder. London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1966.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, Fighting for What? London: Macmillan, 1942.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, Food and the People. London: Pilot Press, 1943.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, Food, Health and Income. London: Macmillan, 1936.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, Food: The Foundation of World Unity. London: National Peace Council, 1948.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, International Liaison Committee of Organisations for Peace: A New Strategy of Peace. London: National Peace Council, 1950.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, Minerals in Pastures and Their Relation to Animal Nutrition. London: Lewis, 1929.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, The National Food Supply and Its Influence on National Health. London: King, 1934.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, "Nutritional Science and State Planning", in What Science Stands For, ed. by John Boyd Orr et al. London: Allen & Unwin, 1937.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, The White Man's Dilemma: Food and the Future. With the cooperation of David Lubbock. London, Allen & Unwin, 1953. (2nd ea., 1964.)
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, The Wonderful World of Food: The Substance of Life. Garden City, NY: Garden City Books, 1958.
- Boyd Orr, Lord John, and David Lubbock, Feeding the People in Wartime. London: Macmillan, 1940.
- Calder, Ritchie, "The Man and his Message", in Food for a Hungry World, a special issue of Survey Graphic, 37 (March, 1948) 99-104.
- Hambidge, Gove, The Story of FAO. New York, Van Nostrand, 1955.
- Kay, H D "John Boyd Orr. Baron Boyd Orr of Brechin Mearns. 1880-1971", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 18, pp 43-81. Nov, 1972
- Vries, Eva de, Life and Work of Sir John Boyd Orr. Wageningen, The Netherlands, Veenman, 1948.
External links
- Nobel Committee information on 1949 Peace Prize Retrieved July 17, 2007.
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