National Parks of Benin

From New World Encyclopedia
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[[Bird]]life includes guinea fowl, [[wild duck]], and [[partridge]], as well as many tropical [[species]].
 
[[Bird]]life includes guinea fowl, [[wild duck]], and [[partridge]], as well as many tropical [[species]].
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==Notes==
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<references/>
  
 
==Resources==
 
==Resources==
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* Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2005. ''Success stories in implementation of the programmes of work on dry and sub-humid lands and the global taxonomy initiative abstracts of poster presentations at the 11th meeting of the subsidiary body on scientific, technical and technological advice of the Convention on Biological Diversity.'' Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN 9789292250355
 
* Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2005. ''Success stories in implementation of the programmes of work on dry and sub-humid lands and the global taxonomy initiative abstracts of poster presentations at the 11th meeting of the subsidiary body on scientific, technical and technological advice of the Convention on Biological Diversity.'' Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN 9789292250355
 
* ''UNESCO''. [http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/749.pdf World Heritage Nomination] Retrieved June 17, 2008.
 
* ''UNESCO''. [http://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/749.pdf World Heritage Nomination] Retrieved June 17, 2008.
 
 
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

Revision as of 05:51, 17 June 2008

Burkea africana Hook, a deciduous, medium-sized, spreading, flat-topped tree found on the rocky cliffs within Benin's national parks.

The nation of Benin is a sliver of a country in West Africa, the shape of which has been compared to a raised arm and fist or to a flaming torch. It encompasses 43,484 sqare miles (112,622 sq km), comparable to the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Its two National Parks lie in the north part of the country, near the border with Burkina Faso.

The Pendjari National Park borders Burkina Faso, while the W National Park extends into that country and Niger. The area these parks lie in is considered one of the most important humid ecosystems, with extensive biodiversity, in the sub-Sahelian area of West Africa.

These two parks are part of a larger complex of protected area which flows along Benin's borders with Niger and Burkina Faso, known as Park W-Arli-Pendjari. This is the second largest protected ecosystem in West Africa; only the Comoe National Park in Ivory Coast is comparable in size.

The area is characterized by gallery forests, savannah and swampy meadows, alluvial plains, ponds, rivers, and dense dry forests within floodplains.

Pendjari National Park

Pendjari National Park

The Pendjari National Park (French: Parc National de la Pandjari) was initially classified as a National Forest and partial Wildlife Reserve on December 13, 1954. In May of 1961 it became a National Park, aquiring the status of Biosphere Reserve in June 1986. It was listed as a Ramsar Site in February 2007. [1] The names Pendjari National Park and Pendjari Biosphere Reserve are used interchangably.

The Park lies in northwestern Benin, against the international frontier with Burkina Faso. It is part of the largest group of protected areas in West Africa, the complex of Park W-Arli-Pendjari. This complex straddles the borders of Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso. The Park W-Arli-Pendjari Complex covers a total area of 19,305 square miles (50,000 sq km), of which 4,633 sq mi (12,000 sq km) is in Benin. Pendjari National Park covers approximately one tenth of the complex (1930 sq mi or 5000 sq km).



Named for the Pendjari River, the national park is known for its wildlife, including elephants, monkeys, lions, hippopotamuses, buffalo and various antelopes and most prominently birds.




The Pendjari National Park is an area of 1,604 square miles (2,755 sq km 0) in the far northwest of Benin. The park is contiguous with the Arli-W-Singou complex which is a vast protected area in Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger. The hills and cliffs of the Atakora range make the northwest one the most scenic areas of Benin. They provide a wonderful backdrop to the Pendjari National Park, which, in its isolation, remains one of the most interesting in West Africa. The rocky cliffs of the area are sparsely wooded with Burkea africana, Detarium microcarpum, Lannea acida, Sterculia setigera and Combretum ghasalense. On the deep soils of some of the summits and the Atakora escarpment one finds a greater variety of plant species with Isoberlina doka and Afzelia africana. The Pendjari River has an impressive gallery forest. The park includes both Sudan and Northern Guinea savannas, with areas of grassland dominated by Acacia sieberiana and Mitragyna inermis or Terminalia macropter. There are also large stocks of game including Elephant, Lion, Leopard, Buffalo, Roan Antelope and Hippopotamus. There is a high annual rainfall of around 1100 mm and the Park is closed from May-December during which time it is flooded.


The south-eastern boundary of the park is formed by the quartzite cliffs of the Atacora Hills. The park itself is flat (c.175 m), apart from the Buém hills in the east, which reach 423 m, and a second group of hills to the south-west. The park is bounded on three sides by the perennial Pendjari river, which rises in the Atacora Hills south of the park, before draining into the Oti river which flows into Togo and Ghana. The course of the Pendjari along the northern edge of the park forms the international border with Burkina Faso. The main habitats include Sudan and Northern Guinea savannas. There are extensive areas of open grasslands dominated by Acacia sieberiana and Mitragyna inermis or by Terminalia macroptera. There is good gallery forest, the Bondjago forest, beside the Pendjari river at the base of the Atacora Hills, and the river is fringed elsewhere by Parinari congensis, Cola laurifolia, Syzygium guineense and Pterocarpus santalinoides. Marshy areas occur next to the river where there are also stands of Borassus aethiopum, Daniella oliveri, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Terminalia spp. Average annual rainfall is c.1,100 mm.


Birdlife

The Park is renowned for its abundance of birds with some 300 different species in total. Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) and Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) are occasionally recorded and there are a few isolated records for Lappet-faced Vulture (Torgos tracheliotus). Fox Kestrel (Falco alopex) is not uncommon, while the African Swallow-tailed Kite (Chelictinia riocourii) is a not uncommon dry season visitor. The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) has also been recorded here. BirdLife notes that "the Pendjari is notable for large conspicuous species such as African Openbill Stork (Anastomus lamelligerus), Abdim's Stork (Ciconia abdimii), Saddle-billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis), and seasonally, flocks of up to 60 European White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). The African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer) and Pel's Fishing-owl (Scotopelia peli) can also be found."

Among the more notable species recorded are Pied-winged Swallow (Hirundo leucosoma), White-crowned Robin-chat (Cossypha albicapillus), Botta's Wheatear (Oenanthe bottae), Familiar Chat (Cercomela familiaris), White-fronted Black-chat (Myrmecocichla albifrons), Mocking Cliff-chat (Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris), Common Rock Thrush (Monticola saxitilis), Senegal Eremomela (Eremomela pusilla), Blackcap Babbler (Turdoides reinwardtii), Red-winged Pytilia (Pytilia phoenicoptera), Black-rumped Waxbill (Estrilda troglodytes), Bush Petronia (Petronia dentata) and Togo Paradise-whydah (Vidua togoensis).

Grey Tit-flycatcher (Myioparus plumbeus) has been recorded as well as several other species of the undergrowth. White-throated Greenbul (Phyllastrephus albigularis) has been recorded at Tanguiéta and the White-throated Francolin (Francolinus albogularis), a rare resident, has been spotted in farmland south of Natitingou. South of the park there is a large semi-protected zone known in French as La zone cygnetique de la Pendjari where a number of other species have been spotted.

The National park and the bird habitat is protected by the government in Benin

Recently introduced birds

  • Fox Kestrel (Falco alopex) resident 1998 - A3
  • Red-thighed Sparrowhawk (Accipiter erythropus) resident 1998 -
  • Senegal Parrot (Poicephalus senegalus) resident 1998 - A3
  • Violet Turaco (Musophaga violacea) resident 1998 - A3
  • Blue-bellied Roller (Coracias cyanogaster) resident 1998 - A3
  • Red-throated Bee-eater (Merops bulocki) resident 1998 - A3
  • Bearded Barbet (Lybius dubius) resident 1998 - A3
  • Yellow-billed Shrike (Corvinella corvina) resident 1998 - A3
  • Piapiac (Ptilostomus afer) resident 1998 - A3
  • Yellow Penduline-tit (Anthoscopus parvulus) resident 1998 - A3
  • Fanti Saw-wing (Psalidoprocne obscura) resident 1998 -
  • Pied-winged Swallow (Hirundo leucosoma) resident 1998 - A3
  • Senegal Eremomela (Eremomela pusilla) resident 1998 - A3
  • Blackcap Babbler (Turdoides reinwardii) resident 1998 - A3
  • Purple Glossy-starling (Lamprotornis purpureus) resident 1998 - A3
  • White-crowned Robin-chat (Cossypha albicapilla) resident 1998 - A3
  • Bush Petronia (Petronia dentata) resident 1998 - A3
  • Red-winged Pytilia (Pytilia phoenicoptera) resident 1998 - A3
  • Red-faced Pytilia (Pytilia hypogrammica) resident 1998 - A3
  • Lavender Waxbill (Estrilda caerulescens) resident 1998 - A3
  • Black-rumped Waxbill (Estrilda troglodytes) resident 1998 - A3
  • Togo Paradise-whydah (Vidua togoensis) resident 1998 - A3

W National Park

W National Park
IUCN Category II (National Park)
The River Niger meandering like a W.
The River Niger meandering like a W.
Location: Niger-Burkina Faso-Benin
Area: 10,000 km²
Established: August 4, 1954

The W National Park (French: "W" du Niger) is a major national park in Niger around a meander in the Niger River shaped like a "W", hence its name. While most of the park is in Niger it also extends through the extreme northern section of Benin and into Burkina Faso.

Its 1,938 square miles (5,020 sq km) is largely uninhabited by humans. The park was created by decree on August 4, 1954. The section of the park which extends into Niger was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.

The most widespread vegetation in the "W" is shrub savanna, which occurs on shallow infertile soils.

The considerable hydrological resources found in W National Park has earned its listing under the Ramsar Convention, which provides for international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. UNESCO has also designated it a World Heritage Site.


edit this section Contains the most important areas of high biodiversity and significant natural habitats for threatened species. The Park hosts major populations of ungulates in West Africa and wild plant species considered very important for conservation and genetic research. The wetland area of the Park is of international importance for the conservation of birds as a Ramsar site. The Park is contiguous to other protected areas in Burkina Faso and Niger, important for the survival of species which need large areas for their seasonal migrations.


A total of 454 plant species have been recorded including two orchid species found only in Niger. More than 70 mammals have been described, and around 350 bird species are found in the area.



The park is known for its large mammals, including aardvarks, antelopes, baboons, buffalo, caracal, cheetahs, crocodiles, elephants, hippopotamuses, leopards, lions, monkeys serval and warthogs. There are many species of snakes, including pythons and puff adders.

Birdlife includes guinea fowl, wild duck, and partridge, as well as many tropical species.

Notes

  1. National Park of Pendjari. Pendjari Park Retrieved June 17, 2008.

Resources

  • BirdLife International. Pendjari National Park Retrieved June 17, 2008.
  • Brechin, Steven R. 2003. Contested nature: promoting international biodiversity with social justice in the twenty-first century. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791457764
  • Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Benin's new Wetlands of International Importance Retrieved June 17, 2008.
  • Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2005. Success stories in implementation of the programmes of work on dry and sub-humid lands and the global taxonomy initiative abstracts of poster presentations at the 11th meeting of the subsidiary body on scientific, technical and technological advice of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN 9789292250355
  • UNESCO. World Heritage Nomination Retrieved June 17, 2008.

External links

All Links Retrieved June 17, 2008.


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