Difference between revisions of "Ji Seokyeong" - New World Encyclopedia

From New World Encyclopedia
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'''Ji Seokyeong'''(지석영, 池錫永) 1855-1935 was a late Joseon period physician of oriental medicine, as well as a civil minister and Hangeul scholar. He studied vaccinations and worked to educate people about them, contributing greatly to the elimination of smallpox in Korea. 본관은 충주(忠州), 자는 공윤(公胤), 호는 송촌(松村)·태원(太原)이다. He was the earliest Korean physician to administer vaccinations, and there is still much about his life and work that is unknown.
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'''Ji Seokyeong'''(지석영, 池錫永) 1855-1935 was a late Joseon period physician of oriental medicine, as well as a civil minister and Hangeul scholar. He studied vaccinations and worked to educate people about them, contributing greatly to the elimination of smallpox in Korea. <!--본관은 충주(忠州), 자는 공윤(公胤), 호는 송촌(松村)·태원(太原)이다.—> He was the earliest Korean physician to administer vaccinations, and there is still much about his life and work that is unknown.
  
 
==Birth and early life==
 
==Birth and early life==
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Having been interested in inoculations since an early age, and sorry that so many people were dying from infections disease, Je began to undertake research to try to develop vaccinations.  Unable to create effective inoculations on his own, in 1879, he traveled to Pusan to study inoculation at the Japanese Naval Hospital.  Completing his studies, he received some vaccine from the Hostpital, and on the way back to Seoul he stopped at his wife's hometown in Chungjugun Deoksanmyeon and inoculated 40 children of her relatives and neighbors against smallpox, the first inoculations to be administered in Korea.  Arriving in Seoul, he vaccinated many children, working out of his house.  However, since the vaccine he had brought with him from Busan could only treat a limited number of people, he determined to manufacture vaccine on his own.
 
Having been interested in inoculations since an early age, and sorry that so many people were dying from infections disease, Je began to undertake research to try to develop vaccinations.  Unable to create effective inoculations on his own, in 1879, he traveled to Pusan to study inoculation at the Japanese Naval Hospital.  Completing his studies, he received some vaccine from the Hostpital, and on the way back to Seoul he stopped at his wife's hometown in Chungjugun Deoksanmyeon and inoculated 40 children of her relatives and neighbors against smallpox, the first inoculations to be administered in Korea.  Arriving in Seoul, he vaccinated many children, working out of his house.  However, since the vaccine he had brought with him from Busan could only treat a limited number of people, he determined to manufacture vaccine on his own.
  
==Further study==
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==Smallpox vaccinations==
 
In 1880 Ji learned another diplomatic mission to Japan was being planned, and requested to join the staff, hoping to have a chance to learn about manufacturing vaccine during the Japan visit.  The head of the Korean mission, Kim Hongjip, made a request on Ji's behalf to Japan's Foreign Affairs Minister Inoue, and Minister Inoue arranged for Ji to be introduced to the director of the vaccine department. In Japan, Ji studied the production and storage of vaccines, and brought 50 vials of vaccine back to Korea with him.  Returning to Seoul, he continued to administer vaccinations.  
 
In 1880 Ji learned another diplomatic mission to Japan was being planned, and requested to join the staff, hoping to have a chance to learn about manufacturing vaccine during the Japan visit.  The head of the Korean mission, Kim Hongjip, made a request on Ji's behalf to Japan's Foreign Affairs Minister Inoue, and Minister Inoue arranged for Ji to be introduced to the director of the vaccine department. In Japan, Ji studied the production and storage of vaccines, and brought 50 vials of vaccine back to Korea with him.  Returning to Seoul, he continued to administer vaccinations.  
  
 +
In late 19th century Joseon Korea there was rising tension regarding Japanese influence in Korea.  In 1882, during the Military Mutiny of 1882, or ''Imo Kullan'', a Japanese military training officer was killed, and the Hanabusa, the head of the Japanese mission in Korea was also attacked.  In the aftermath, Koreans like Ji Seokyeong who had close ties to Japan came under suspicion of being too sympathetic to Japan. He was injured and almost died when his clinic was destroyed by fire. Under threat of arrest, Ji was forced to leave Seoul for a while.  In August he returned to Seoul and rebuilt the clinic, and in September he traveled south at the request of the governor of Jeolla province, to establish vaccination clinics in Jeonju and to instruct physicians on how to administer the vaccine.  The following year, he continued to spread knowledge about the smallpox vaccine when, at the request of the governor of Chungcheong Province, he established another clinic in Gongju.
  
In late 19th century Joseon Korea there was rising tension regarding Japanese influence in KoreaIn 1882, during the Military Mutiny of 1882, or ''Imo Kullan'', a Japanese military training officer was killed, and the Hanabusa, the head of the Japanese mission in Korea was also attacked.  In the aftermath, Koreans like Ji Seokyeong who had close ties to Japan came under suspicion of siding with Japan. He was injured and almost died when his clinic was destroyed by fire. Under threat of arrest, Ji was forced to leave Seoul.  In August he returned to Seoul and rebuilt the clinic, and in September he traveled south at the request of the governor of Jeolla province, to establish vaccination clinics in Jeonju and to instruct physicians on how to administer the vaccine.  The following year, at the request of the governor of Chungcheong Province, he established another clinic in Gongju.
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==Teaching and writing==
 +
Ji Seokyeong passed the civil service examination in 1883, and was appointed as an instructor of Confucian precepts in the National University (관립대학교, 官立大學校)He began work on a book on inoculations, finally completing two volumes entitled ''New Principals of Inoculation'', (Jongdu Sinseol, 종두신설, 種痘新說), including important essays on inoculation by English, Chinese and Japanese pioneers in the field.
  
==Clinics and teaching facilities==
+
Following the ''Kapsin Cheongbyeon'' or Coup d'Etat of 1884, again his association with Japan placed him under suspicion, and in 1887 he was arrested and sent to exile in Sinjido, an island off the coast of Jeolla province.  During his time in exile, he continued to teach, and finally in 1893,  was able to return to Seoul, he established the Wuduboyeongdang (우두보영당, 牛痘保嬰堂) clinic, where he continued inoculating children and training doctors.  
He passed the civil service examination in 1883, but once again, his connections to Japan led to his arrest in 1887 and four years of exile in Sinjido, an island off the coast of Jeolla province.  During his time in exile, he continued to teach, and finally in 1893,  was able to return to Seoul, he established the Wuduboyeongdang (우두보영당, 牛痘保嬰堂) clinic, where he continued inoculating children and training doctors.  
 
  
 
Based on his qualification from the civil service exam in 1883, Ji Seokyeong was appointed to a district chief post near Pusan in 1891, where he served for a time.  In 1899,  
 
Based on his qualification from the civil service exam in 1883, Ji Seokyeong was appointed to a district chief post near Pusan in 1891, where he served for a time.  In 1899,  
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<!--
 
1899년 의학교가 설치되자 초대 교장으로 임명되었다.  
 
1899년 의학교가 설치되자 초대 교장으로 임명되었다.  
  
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# 조선 민중의 무지 : 민간의 저항을 조선 민중의 무지로만 편협하게 해석하였다. 그러나 우두에 대한 저항은 동서양을 막론하고 일어난 일임에도 오직 조선 민중만이 무지하여 저항하였다고 주장하는 오류를 보이고 있다. 심지어 “종두의 과학적 효과를 전혀 이해하지 못하고 민중은 도리어 이를 외국의 마술, 사법(邪法)으로 간주하여 국가를 어지럽히는 것으로 생각했고, 집에도 받아들이지 않았다”라고 하였다.  
 
# 조선 민중의 무지 : 민간의 저항을 조선 민중의 무지로만 편협하게 해석하였다. 그러나 우두에 대한 저항은 동서양을 막론하고 일어난 일임에도 오직 조선 민중만이 무지하여 저항하였다고 주장하는 오류를 보이고 있다. 심지어 “종두의 과학적 효과를 전혀 이해하지 못하고 민중은 도리어 이를 외국의 마술, 사법(邪法)으로 간주하여 국가를 어지럽히는 것으로 생각했고, 집에도 받아들이지 않았다”라고 하였다.  
 
# 조선 정부의 지석영에 대한 박해와 지석영의 희생 : 지석영은 한때 갑신정변의 배후로 모함을 받아 유배를 가게 된다. 이를 조선 정부가 무능하여 “훌륭한 인사”를 박해하였다고 주장하였다. 그리고 횡포를 일삼는 종두 의사에게 내려진 포박령을 지석영에게 내려진 포박령으로 왜곡하기도 했다. 또한 지석영이 실비에도 미치지 못하는 1문의 싼값으로 시술한 일을 희생으로 평가하였다. 하지만 초기 우두 의사의 횡포로 말미암아 우두 의사에 대한 세간의 평가는 매우 좋지 않았고, 결국 지석영은 1문이라는 매우 싼값으로 시술할 수밖에 없는 상황에 놓였을 뿐 특별히 희생했다고 보기는 힘들다. 결정적으로 그러한 “훌륭한 인사”를 의학교에서 쫓아낸 이들은 바로 일본이었다.  
 
# 조선 정부의 지석영에 대한 박해와 지석영의 희생 : 지석영은 한때 갑신정변의 배후로 모함을 받아 유배를 가게 된다. 이를 조선 정부가 무능하여 “훌륭한 인사”를 박해하였다고 주장하였다. 그리고 횡포를 일삼는 종두 의사에게 내려진 포박령을 지석영에게 내려진 포박령으로 왜곡하기도 했다. 또한 지석영이 실비에도 미치지 못하는 1문의 싼값으로 시술한 일을 희생으로 평가하였다. 하지만 초기 우두 의사의 횡포로 말미암아 우두 의사에 대한 세간의 평가는 매우 좋지 않았고, 결국 지석영은 1문이라는 매우 싼값으로 시술할 수밖에 없는 상황에 놓였을 뿐 특별히 희생했다고 보기는 힘들다. 결정적으로 그러한 “훌륭한 인사”를 의학교에서 쫓아낸 이들은 바로 일본이었다.  
# 우두법에 대한 강조와 과장 : 천연두로 말미암아 불행에 처한 조선 민중을 구제하는 유일한 수단인 양 우두법에 대한 찬사와 과장을 하였다.
+
# 우두법에 대한 강조와 과장 : 천연두로 말미암아 불행에 처한 조선 민중을 구제하는 유일한 수단인 양 우두법에 대한 찬사와 과장을 하였다.—>
  
 
Died February 1, 1935
 
Died February 1, 1935

Revision as of 07:58, 16 December 2007

This is a Korean name; the family name is Ji.

Ji Seokyeong(지석영, 池錫永) 1855-1935 was a late Joseon period physician of oriental medicine, as well as a civil minister and Hangeul scholar. He studied vaccinations and worked to educate people about them, contributing greatly to the elimination of smallpox in Korea. He was the earliest Korean physician to administer vaccinations, and there is still much about his life and work that is unknown.

Birth and early life

Ji Seokyeong was born on May 15, 1855 in the city of Hanseong (now Seoul), the fourth son of Ji Ikyeong (지익용, 池翼龍) an oriental medicine physician. From an early age, he became interested in translations of western medical journals that came to Korea from China, and became interested in the work of the English doctor Edward Jenner, who was the first to administer the smallpox vaccination. In 1876 he met Pak Yongson, who had recently participated as translator for Kim Kisu in a diplomatic mission to observe Japan's modernization, under the terms of the Korean-Japanese Treaty of Amity. Knowing that Ji was interested in inoculation, Pak told Ji about Japan's advances in inoculation, and gave him a set of books on the topic that he had brought back, Jongdu Guigam (종두귀감, 種痘龜鑑, Models of Inoculation) written by Dr. Odaki of Suncheondang Clinic in Tokyo. Pak.

Having been interested in inoculations since an early age, and sorry that so many people were dying from infections disease, Je began to undertake research to try to develop vaccinations. Unable to create effective inoculations on his own, in 1879, he traveled to Pusan to study inoculation at the Japanese Naval Hospital. Completing his studies, he received some vaccine from the Hostpital, and on the way back to Seoul he stopped at his wife's hometown in Chungjugun Deoksanmyeon and inoculated 40 children of her relatives and neighbors against smallpox, the first inoculations to be administered in Korea. Arriving in Seoul, he vaccinated many children, working out of his house. However, since the vaccine he had brought with him from Busan could only treat a limited number of people, he determined to manufacture vaccine on his own.

Smallpox vaccinations

In 1880 Ji learned another diplomatic mission to Japan was being planned, and requested to join the staff, hoping to have a chance to learn about manufacturing vaccine during the Japan visit. The head of the Korean mission, Kim Hongjip, made a request on Ji's behalf to Japan's Foreign Affairs Minister Inoue, and Minister Inoue arranged for Ji to be introduced to the director of the vaccine department. In Japan, Ji studied the production and storage of vaccines, and brought 50 vials of vaccine back to Korea with him. Returning to Seoul, he continued to administer vaccinations.

In late 19th century Joseon Korea there was rising tension regarding Japanese influence in Korea. In 1882, during the Military Mutiny of 1882, or Imo Kullan, a Japanese military training officer was killed, and the Hanabusa, the head of the Japanese mission in Korea was also attacked. In the aftermath, Koreans like Ji Seokyeong who had close ties to Japan came under suspicion of being too sympathetic to Japan. He was injured and almost died when his clinic was destroyed by fire. Under threat of arrest, Ji was forced to leave Seoul for a while. In August he returned to Seoul and rebuilt the clinic, and in September he traveled south at the request of the governor of Jeolla province, to establish vaccination clinics in Jeonju and to instruct physicians on how to administer the vaccine. The following year, he continued to spread knowledge about the smallpox vaccine when, at the request of the governor of Chungcheong Province, he established another clinic in Gongju.

Teaching and writing

Ji Seokyeong passed the civil service examination in 1883, and was appointed as an instructor of Confucian precepts in the National University (관립대학교, 官立大學校). He began work on a book on inoculations, finally completing two volumes entitled New Principals of Inoculation, (Jongdu Sinseol, 종두신설, 種痘新說), including important essays on inoculation by English, Chinese and Japanese pioneers in the field.

Following the Kapsin Cheongbyeon or Coup d'Etat of 1884, again his association with Japan placed him under suspicion, and in 1887 he was arrested and sent to exile in Sinjido, an island off the coast of Jeolla province. During his time in exile, he continued to teach, and finally in 1893, was able to return to Seoul, he established the Wuduboyeongdang (우두보영당, 牛痘保嬰堂) clinic, where he continued inoculating children and training doctors.

Based on his qualification from the civil service exam in 1883, Ji Seokyeong was appointed to a district chief post near Pusan in 1891, where he served for a time. In 1899,


Died February 1, 1935

See Also

  • List of Korea-related topics

Notes


References
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External Links

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