Menotti, Gian Carlo

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(New page: thumb|Gian Carlo Menotti, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1944 '''Gian Carlo Menotti''' (July 7 1911February 1 2007) was an [[Italy|Italian]...)
 
 
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[[Image: Gcmenotti.jpg|thumb|Gian Carlo Menotti, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1944]]
 
[[Image: Gcmenotti.jpg|thumb|Gian Carlo Menotti, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1944]]
'''Gian Carlo Menotti''' ([[July 7]] [[1911]] [[February 1]] [[2007]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]]-born [[United States|American]] composer and [[libretto|librettist]] who wrote the classic [[Christmas]] [[opera]] ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]'' among about two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste. He won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for two of them, ''[[The Consul]]'' (1950) and ''[[The Saint of Bleecker Street]]'' (1955). He founded the noted ''[[Festival dei due mondi]]'' (the Festival of the two worlds) in [[1958 in music|1958]] and its American counterpart, [[Spoleto Festival USA]], in [[1977 in music|1977]].
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'''Gian Carlo Menotti''' (July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an [[Italy|Italian]]-born American composer and librettist who wrote the classic [[Christmas]] [[opera]] ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'' among about two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste. He won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for two of them, ''The Consul'' (1950) and ''The Saint of Bleecker Street'' (1955). He founded the noted ''Festival dei due mondi'' (the Festival of the two worlds) in 1958, and its American counterpart, the Spoleto Festival, in 1977.
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{{toc}}
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Much of the enduring popularity of Menotti's works derives from the way they engage the audience in a human life experience requiring responsible actions and resolution of conflicts.
  
 
==Life and career==
 
==Life and career==
Born in [[Cadegliano-Viconago]], Italy, Lake Maggiore and the Swiss border, Menotti was the sixth child of Alfonso and Ines Menotti.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1584881,00.html Time.com, Feb. 1, 2007]</ref> Menotti began writing songs when he was seven years old, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music for his first opera, ''The Death of Pierrot''. He began his formal musical training at [[Milan]]'s [[Verdi Conservatory]] in [[1923 in music|1923]].
+
Born in Cadegliano-Viconago, [[Italy]], near Lake Maggiore and the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] border, Menotti was the sixth child of Alfonso and Ines Menotti.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1584881,00.html Composer Gian Carlo Menotti Dies], ''Time.com'', Feb. 1, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2007.</ref> Menotti began writing songs when he was seven years old, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music for his first opera, ''The Death of Pierrot''. He began his formal musical training at Milan's Verdi Conservatory in 1923.  
  
After the death of his father, Menotti and his mother emigrated to the United States, and he enrolled at [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]'s [[Curtis Institute of Music]]. Fellow students at Curtis included [[Leonard Bernstein]] and [[Samuel Barber]], who became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, ''[[Vanessa (opera)|Vanessa]]'', which premiered in 1958, at the [[Metropolitan Opera]]. It was at Curtis that Menotti wrote his first mature opera, ''[[Amelia al Ballo]] (Amelia Goes to the Ball)'', to his own Italian text. ''[[The Island God]]'' (which he suppressed, though its libretto was printed by the [[Metropolitan Opera]] and can be found in many libraries) and ''[[The Last Savage]]'' were the only other operas he wrote in [[Italian language|Italian]], the rest being in [[English language|English]]. Like [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]], he wrote the libretti of all his operas. His most successful works were composed in the 1940s and 1950s. Menotti also taught at the [[Curtis Institute of Music]].
+
After the death of his father, Menotti and his mother emigrated to the [[United States]], and he enrolled at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's Curtis Institute of Music. Fellow students at Curtis included [[Leonard Bernstein]] and [[Samuel Barber]], the latter who became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, ''Vanessa'', which premiered in 1958, at the Metropolitan Opera. It was at Curtis that Menotti wrote his first mature opera, ''Amelia al Ballo'' (Amelia Goes to the Ball), to his own Italian text. ''The Island God'' (which he suppressed, though its libretto was printed by the Metropolitan Opera and can be found in many libraries) and ''The Last Savage'' were the only other operas he wrote in Italian, the rest being in English. Like [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]], he wrote the libretti of all his operas. His most successful works were composed in the 1940s and 1950s. Menotti also taught at the Curtis Institute of Music.
  
In 1958, he founded the [[Festival of Two Worlds]] in [[Spoleto]], [[Italy]]; he founded [[Spoleto Festival USA|its companion festival]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] in 1977. For three weeks each summer, Spoleto is visited by nearly a half-million people.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1584881,00.html Time.com, Feb. 1, 2007]</ref> These festivals were intended to bring opera to a popular audience and helped launch the careers of such artists as singer [[Shirley Verrett]] and choreographers [[Paul Taylor]] and [[Twyla Tharp]].<ref>''[[Time Magazine]]'', Milestones section, February 19, 2007 issue</ref> He left Spoleto USA in [[1993 in music|1993]] to take the helm of the [[Teatro dell'Opera di Roma|Rome Opera]].  
+
In 1958, he founded the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy. He founded the Spoleto Festival USA, a companion festival to the Italian event in Charleston, South Carolina in 1977. For three weeks each summer, Spoleto is visited by nearly a half-million people.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1584881,00.html Composer Gian Carlo Menotti Dies], ''Time.com'', Feb. 1, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2007.</ref> These festivals were intended to bring opera to a popular audience and helped launch the careers of such artists as singer Shirley Verrett and choreographers Paul Taylor and Twyla Tharp.<ref>''Time Magazine'', Milestones section, February 19, 2007 issue.</ref> He left Spoleto USA in 1993 to take the helm of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma.  
  
In [[1984]] Menotti was awarded the [[Kennedy Center Honors|Kennedy Center Honor]] for achievement in the arts, and in [[1991 in music|1991]] he was chosen ''[[Musical America]]'s'' "Musician of the Year". In addition to composing operas to his own texts, on his own chosen subject matter, Menotti directed most productions of his work. He and partner Barber for a time lived in a home in [[Westchester County, New York]], called "Capricorn".
+
In addition to composing operas to his own texts and on his own chosen subject matter, Menotti directed most productions of his work. He and partner Barber for a time lived in a home in Westchester County, New York, called "Capricorn."
  
In 1974 he bought a Scottish manor, Yester House,<ref>http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst281.html </ref> the ancestral home of the Marquis of Tweeddale, at the foot of Lammermoor in Scotland, and made it his home for most of each year with his legally adopted son Francis Phelan, also known as Chip Menotti, and Phelan's family. Chip Menotti is married to Melinda Murphy, the daughter of Happy Rockefeller. The house was, according to legend, built with the aid of demons. The locals called Menotti "Mr. McNotty".<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/lastword.shtml Obituary: 7 February 2007</ref>
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In 1974, he bought a Scottish manor, Yester House,<ref>[http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst281.html Yester House] Retrieved July 13, 2007.</ref> the ancestral home of the Marquis of Tweeddale, at the foot of Lammermoor in Scotland. He made it his home for most of each year with his legally adopted son Francis Phelan, also known as Chip Menotti, and Phelan's family. Chip Menotti is married to Melinda Murphy, the daughter of Happy Rockefeller.  
  
Menotti died on February 1, 2007 at the age of 95 in a hospital in [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]], where he had a home. He thought it would be "naughty" to die in Monte Carlo.
+
Menotti died on February 1, 2007 at the age of 95 in a hospital in Monte Carlo, Monaco, where he had a home. He thought it would be "naughty" to die in Monte Carlo.
  
 
==Compositions==
 
==Compositions==
Menotti wrote the libretti for two of Samuel Barber's operas, ''[[Vanessa (opera)|Vanessa]]'' and ''[[A Hand of Bridge]]'', as well as revising the latter for ''[[Antony and Cleopatra (opera)|Antony and Cleopatra]]''. ''Amelia'' was so successful that [[NBC]] commissioned an opera specifically for the new medium of [[radio]], ''[[The Old Maid and the Thief]]'', which was the first such work ever written for, and performed on the radio. Following this, he wrote a [[ballet]], ''Sebastian'' ([[1944]]), and a piano concerto ([[1945 in music|1945]]) before returning to opera with ''[[The Medium]]'' and ''[[The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois]]''.
+
Menotti wrote the libretti for two of Samuel Barber's operas, ''Vanessa'' and ''A Hand of Bridge'', as well as revising the latter for another opera, ''Antony and Cleopatra''. ''Amelia'' was so successful that NBC commissioned an opera specifically for the new medium of radio. Entitled ''The Old Maid and the Thief'', it was the first such work ever written for and performed on the radio. Following this, he wrote a ballet, ''Sebastian'' (1944), and a piano concerto (1945) before returning to opera with ''The Medium'' and ''The Telephone'' or L'Amour à trois''.
  
His first full-length opera, ''[[The Consul]]'', was premiered in [[1950 in music|1950]]. It won both the [[Pulitzer Prize for Music]] and the [[New York Drama Critics' Circle Award]] for Musical Play of the Year (the latter in [[1954]]). In [[1951 in music|1951]], Menotti wrote his beloved Christmas opera ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]'' for the [[Hallmark Hall of Fame]]. It was the first opera ever written for [[television]] in America,<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/news/2007/02/02/db0201.xml Telegraph obituary. Last accessed 02/02/07</ref> and first aired on Christmas Eve, 1951. It was such a success that it became an annual Christmas tradition. It remains Menotti's most popular work to this day. Menotti won a second Pulitzer Prize for his opera ''[[The Saint of Bleecker Street]]'' in 1955.
+
His first full-length opera, ''The Consul'', was premiered in 1950. It won both the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for Music and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Musical Play of the Year (the latter in 1954). In 1951, Menotti wrote his beloved Christmas opera ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'' for the Hallmark Hall of Fame. It was the first opera ever written for television in America,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/news/2007/02/02/db0201.xml Gian Carlo Menotti], ''Daily Telegraph'' obituary. Last accessed 02/02/07. Retrieved July 13, 2007.</ref> and first aired on Christmas Eve, 1951, it was such a success that it became an annual Christmas tradition. It remains Menotti's most popular work to this day. Menotti won a second Pulitzer Prize for his opera ''The Saint of Bleecker Street'' in 1955.  
  
Menotti also wrote several ballets and numerous choral works. Of these, the most notable is his [[cantata]] ''[[The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi]]'', written in [[1963 in music|1963]]. He also wrote a [[violin]] concerto, symphonies, and a stage play, ''The Leper''. It was in the field of opera, however, that he made his most notable contributions to American cultural life.  
+
Menotti also wrote several ballets and numerous choral works. Of these, the most notable is his cantata ''The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi'', written in 1963. He also wrote a violin concerto, symphonies, and a stage play, ''The Leper''. It was in the field of opera, however, that he made his most notable contributions to American cultural life.
  
==Chronology==
+
==Legacy==
* ''[[Amelia al Ballo]]'' ([[1937 in music|1937]])
+
In 1984 Menotti was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor for lifetime achievement in the arts. He was chosen the 1991 "Musician of the Year" by Musical America, inaugurating worldwide tributes to the composer in honor of his 80th birthday. He frequently promoted the careers of others, had a rare zest for living, and his memorable tunes kept opera alive by appealing to a wide public at a difficult time in the twentieth century.
* ''[[The Old Maid and the Thief]]'', radio opera ([[1939 in music|1939]])
+
 
* ''[[The Island God]]'' ([[1942 in music|1942]])
+
===Chronology===
* ''[[The Medium]]'' ([[1946 in music|1946]])
+
* ''Amelia al Ballo'' (1937)
* ''[[The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois]]'' ([[1947 in music|1947]])
+
* ''The Old Maid and the Thief'', radio opera (1939)
* ''[[The Consul]]'' ([[1950 in music|1950]])  
+
* ''The Island God'' (1942)
* ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]'', television opera ([[1951 in music|1951]])
+
* ''The Medium'' (1946)
* ''[[The Saint of Bleecker Street]]'' ([[1954 in music|1954]])
+
* ''The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois'' (1947)
* ''The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore'' ([[1956 in music|1956]])
+
* ''The Consul'' (1950)  
* ''[[Maria Golovin]]'' ([[1958 in music|1958]])  
+
* ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'', television opera (1951)
* ''Labyrinth'' [[television opera]] ([[1963 in music|1963]])  
+
* ''The Saint of Bleecker Street'' (1954)
* ''[[The Last Savage]]'' (1963)  
+
* ''The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore'' (1956)
* ''Martin's Lie'' ([[1964 in music|1964]])  
+
* ''Maria Golovin'' (1958)  
* ''[[Help, Help, the Globolinks!]]'' ([[1968 in music|1968]])  
+
* ''Labyrinth'' television opera (1963)  
* ''The Most Important Man'' ([[1971 in music|1971]])  
+
* ''The Last Savage'' (1963)  
* ''Tamu-Tamu'' ([[1973 in music|1973]])  
+
* ''Martin's Lie'' (1964)  
* ''The Egg'' ([[1976 in music|1976]])  
+
* ''Help, Help, the Globolinks!'' (1968)  
 +
* ''The Most Important Man'' (1971)  
 +
* ''Tamu-Tamu'' (1973)  
 +
* ''The Egg'' (1976)  
 
* ''The Hero'' (1976)  
 
* ''The Hero'' (1976)  
* ''The Trial of the Gypsy'' ([[1978 in music|1978]])  
+
* ''The Trial of the Gypsy'' (1978)  
* ''Chip and his Dog'', on commission for the [[Canadian Children's Opera Chorus|CCOC]] ([[1979 in music|1979]])
+
* ''Chip and his Dog'', on commission for the Canadian Children's Opera Chorus or CCOC (1979)
 
* ''La Loca'' (1979)  
 
* ''La Loca'' (1979)  
* ''A Bride from Pluto'' ([[1982 in music|1982]])  
+
* ''A Bride from Pluto'' (1982)  
* ''[[The Boy Who Grew Too Fast]]'' (1982)  
+
* ''The Boy Who Grew Too Fast'' (1982)  
* ''Goya'' ([[1986 in music|1986]])  
+
* ''Goya'' (1986)  
* ''The Wedding'' (''Giorno da Nozze'') ([[1988 in music|1988]])  
+
* ''The Wedding'' (''Giorno da Nozze'') (1988)  
* ''Goya'' [rev.] ([[1991 in music|1991]])  
+
* ''Goya'' [rev.] (1991)  
* ''The Singing Child'' ([[1993 in music|1993]])
+
* ''The Singing Child'' (1993)
 +
 
 +
==Notes==
 +
<references/>
  
(Source: [http://www.usopera.com/composers/menotti.html usopera.com])
+
==References==
 +
* Gruen, John. ''Menotti: A Biography''. New York: Macmillan 1978. ISBN 978-0025463202
 +
* Menotti, Gian C., and Michele Lemieux. ''Amahl and the night visitors''. New York: Morrow 1986. ISBN 978-0688054274
 +
* Wlaschin, Ken. ''Gian Carlo Menotti on screen: opera, dance, and choral works on film, television, and video''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1999. ISBN 978-0786406081
  
==Books==
+
==External links==
====By Menotti ====
+
All links retrieved June 21, 2017.
*''Amahl and the Night Visitors: Vocal Score''. [[G. Schirmer, Inc]], 1986. ISBN 0-881-88965-2.
 
*''The Telephone: Vocal Score''. [[G. Schirmer, Inc]], 1986. ISBN 0-793-55370-9.
 
*''The Medium: Vocal Score''. [[G. Schirmer, Inc]], 1986. ISBN 0-793-51546-7.
 
  
====About Menotti====
+
*[http://www.usopera.com/composers/menotti.html Gian Carlo Menotti], ''US Opera''.  
*Wlaschin, Ken. ''Gian Carlo Menotti on Screen: Opera, Dance and Choral Works on Film, Television and Video''. McFarland & Company, 1999. Library Binding: ISBN 0-786-40608-9
 
*Gruen, John. ''Menotti: A Biography''. Hardcover. Macmillan Pub Co, 1978. ISBN 0-025-46320-9.
 
  
==References==
+
[[Category:Musicians]]
<references/>
 
  
==External links==
 
*[http://artofthestates.org/cgi-bin/composer.pl?comp=109 Art of the States: Giancarlo Menotti]
 
  
[[Category:1911 births|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:2007 deaths|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:20th century classical composers|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:American composers|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:Opera composers|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:Opera librettists|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:Italian-American musicians|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:Peabody Award winners|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Music winners|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:LGBT musicians from the United States|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:LGBT people from Italy|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
[[Category:LGBT people from the United States|Menotti, Giancarlo]]
 
  
[[ca:Gian Carlo Menotti]]
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Latest revision as of 01:44, 10 December 2022

Gian Carlo Menotti, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1944

Gian Carlo Menotti (July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-born American composer and librettist who wrote the classic Christmas opera Amahl and the Night Visitors among about two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste. He won the Pulitzer Prize for two of them, The Consul (1950) and The Saint of Bleecker Street (1955). He founded the noted Festival dei due mondi (the Festival of the two worlds) in 1958, and its American counterpart, the Spoleto Festival, in 1977.

Much of the enduring popularity of Menotti's works derives from the way they engage the audience in a human life experience requiring responsible actions and resolution of conflicts.

Life and career

Born in Cadegliano-Viconago, Italy, near Lake Maggiore and the Swiss border, Menotti was the sixth child of Alfonso and Ines Menotti.[1] Menotti began writing songs when he was seven years old, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music for his first opera, The Death of Pierrot. He began his formal musical training at Milan's Verdi Conservatory in 1923.

After the death of his father, Menotti and his mother emigrated to the United States, and he enrolled at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's Curtis Institute of Music. Fellow students at Curtis included Leonard Bernstein and Samuel Barber, the latter who became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, Vanessa, which premiered in 1958, at the Metropolitan Opera. It was at Curtis that Menotti wrote his first mature opera, Amelia al Ballo (Amelia Goes to the Ball), to his own Italian text. The Island God (which he suppressed, though its libretto was printed by the Metropolitan Opera and can be found in many libraries) and The Last Savage were the only other operas he wrote in Italian, the rest being in English. Like Wagner, he wrote the libretti of all his operas. His most successful works were composed in the 1940s and 1950s. Menotti also taught at the Curtis Institute of Music.

In 1958, he founded the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy. He founded the Spoleto Festival USA, a companion festival to the Italian event in Charleston, South Carolina in 1977. For three weeks each summer, Spoleto is visited by nearly a half-million people.[2] These festivals were intended to bring opera to a popular audience and helped launch the careers of such artists as singer Shirley Verrett and choreographers Paul Taylor and Twyla Tharp.[3] He left Spoleto USA in 1993 to take the helm of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma.

In addition to composing operas to his own texts and on his own chosen subject matter, Menotti directed most productions of his work. He and partner Barber for a time lived in a home in Westchester County, New York, called "Capricorn."

In 1974, he bought a Scottish manor, Yester House,[4] the ancestral home of the Marquis of Tweeddale, at the foot of Lammermoor in Scotland. He made it his home for most of each year with his legally adopted son Francis Phelan, also known as Chip Menotti, and Phelan's family. Chip Menotti is married to Melinda Murphy, the daughter of Happy Rockefeller.

Menotti died on February 1, 2007 at the age of 95 in a hospital in Monte Carlo, Monaco, where he had a home. He thought it would be "naughty" to die in Monte Carlo.

Compositions

Menotti wrote the libretti for two of Samuel Barber's operas, Vanessa and A Hand of Bridge, as well as revising the latter for another opera, Antony and Cleopatra. Amelia was so successful that NBC commissioned an opera specifically for the new medium of radio. Entitled The Old Maid and the Thief, it was the first such work ever written for and performed on the radio. Following this, he wrote a ballet, Sebastian (1944), and a piano concerto (1945) before returning to opera with The Medium and The Telephone or L'Amour à trois.

His first full-length opera, The Consul, was premiered in 1950. It won both the Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Musical Play of the Year (the latter in 1954). In 1951, Menotti wrote his beloved Christmas opera Amahl and the Night Visitors for the Hallmark Hall of Fame. It was the first opera ever written for television in America,[5] and first aired on Christmas Eve, 1951, it was such a success that it became an annual Christmas tradition. It remains Menotti's most popular work to this day. Menotti won a second Pulitzer Prize for his opera The Saint of Bleecker Street in 1955.

Menotti also wrote several ballets and numerous choral works. Of these, the most notable is his cantata The Death of the Bishop of Brindisi, written in 1963. He also wrote a violin concerto, symphonies, and a stage play, The Leper. It was in the field of opera, however, that he made his most notable contributions to American cultural life.

Legacy

In 1984 Menotti was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor for lifetime achievement in the arts. He was chosen the 1991 "Musician of the Year" by Musical America, inaugurating worldwide tributes to the composer in honor of his 80th birthday. He frequently promoted the careers of others, had a rare zest for living, and his memorable tunes kept opera alive by appealing to a wide public at a difficult time in the twentieth century.

Chronology

  • Amelia al Ballo (1937)
  • The Old Maid and the Thief, radio opera (1939)
  • The Island God (1942)
  • The Medium (1946)
  • The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois (1947)
  • The Consul (1950)
  • Amahl and the Night Visitors, television opera (1951)
  • The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954)
  • The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore (1956)
  • Maria Golovin (1958)
  • Labyrinth television opera (1963)
  • The Last Savage (1963)
  • Martin's Lie (1964)
  • Help, Help, the Globolinks! (1968)
  • The Most Important Man (1971)
  • Tamu-Tamu (1973)
  • The Egg (1976)
  • The Hero (1976)
  • The Trial of the Gypsy (1978)
  • Chip and his Dog, on commission for the Canadian Children's Opera Chorus or CCOC (1979)
  • La Loca (1979)
  • A Bride from Pluto (1982)
  • The Boy Who Grew Too Fast (1982)
  • Goya (1986)
  • The Wedding (Giorno da Nozze) (1988)
  • Goya [rev.] (1991)
  • The Singing Child (1993)

Notes

  1. Composer Gian Carlo Menotti Dies, Time.com, Feb. 1, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
  2. Composer Gian Carlo Menotti Dies, Time.com, Feb. 1, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
  3. Time Magazine, Milestones section, February 19, 2007 issue.
  4. Yester House Retrieved July 13, 2007.
  5. Gian Carlo Menotti, Daily Telegraph obituary. Last accessed 02/02/07. Retrieved July 13, 2007.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Gruen, John. Menotti: A Biography. New York: Macmillan 1978. ISBN 978-0025463202
  • Menotti, Gian C., and Michele Lemieux. Amahl and the night visitors. New York: Morrow 1986. ISBN 978-0688054274
  • Wlaschin, Ken. Gian Carlo Menotti on screen: opera, dance, and choral works on film, television, and video. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1999. ISBN 978-0786406081

External links

All links retrieved June 21, 2017.


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