Difference between revisions of "Cyrus Hall McCormick" - New World Encyclopedia
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==Marriage and children== | ==Marriage and children== | ||
| − | In January of 1858, McCormick married Nancy Maria Fowler (1846-1912), also known as Nettie Fowler. She was 23 years old. They had the following children: <ref> | + | In January of 1858, McCormick married Nancy Maria Fowler (1846-1912), also known as Nettie Fowler. She was 23 years old. They had the following children: <ref>"Mrs. Nettie Fowler McCormick, 88, widow of Cyrus H. McCormick, inventor of the grain reaper, at [[Lake Forest, Illinois]], of acute bronchitis." ''[[Time]]'', "Died," [[July 16]], [[1923]].</ref> <ref>''[[New York Times]]'', "Mrs. Cyrus McCormick Ill. Husband and Son Race to Bedside on Special Train," [[January 17]], [[1921]].</ref> |
| − | *[[Cyrus Hall McCormick II]] (1859-1932) who was born in [[Morristown, New Jersey]]. His son, [[Cyrus Hall McCormick III]] (1889-1970) would become Chairman of the company. <ref> | + | *[[Cyrus Hall McCormick II]] (1859-1932) who was born in [[Morristown, New Jersey]]. His son, [[Cyrus Hall McCormick III]] (1889-1970) would become Chairman of the company. <ref>"Cyrus McCormick, former vice president and director of the International Harvester Company and grandson of the inventor, died yesterday of a cerebral hemorrhage in a hospital here. He was 79 years old and had lived here for about 15 years. He retired in 1931." ''[[New York Times]]'', "Cyrus McCormick, 79, of Reaper Company," [[April 1]], [[1970]].</ref> |
* Mary Virginia McCormick (1861-1941) | * Mary Virginia McCormick (1861-1941) | ||
* Robert McCormick (1863-1910) | * Robert McCormick (1863-1910) | ||
| − | * Anita McCormick (1866-1954) who married [[Emmons Blaine]] (1857-1892). <ref> | + | * Anita McCormick (1866-1954) who married [[Emmons Blaine]] (1857-1892). <ref>"The idea attracted Mrs. Emmons Blaine, daughter of Reaper Inventor Cyrus McCormick, who gave the colonel $1,000,000 to launch the Parker School in 1901. The colonel spawned all sorts of innovations in U.S. education—specialized teachers, morning assemblies, the teaching of art, music and drama." ''[[Time]]'', "Progressively Progressive," [[June 8]], [[1962]], [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896312,00.html Progressively Progressive]Retrieved August 21, 2007.</ref> |
* Alice McCormick (1870-1945) | * Alice McCormick (1870-1945) | ||
| − | *[[Harold Fowler McCormick]] (1872–1941), who married [[Edith Rockefeller McCormick|Edith Rockefeller]], youngest daughter of [[John D. Rockefeller]]. Their son was Harold Fowler McCormick, Jr. (1898-1973). <ref> | + | *[[Harold Fowler McCormick]] (1872–1941), who married [[Edith Rockefeller McCormick|Edith Rockefeller]], youngest daughter of [[John D. Rockefeller]]. Their son was Harold Fowler McCormick, Jr. (1898-1973). He was the great uncle of [[Robert R. McCormick]]. <ref>"Fowler McCormick, former chairman of the board of the International Harvester Company, the world's largest manufacturer of agricultural implements, died here today after a lingering illness, company officials announced. He was 74 years old." ''[[New York Times]]'', "Fowler McCormick Dies at 74. Ex-Chairman of Harvester," [[January 7]], [[1973]].</ref> He was a very active member of The [[Commercial Club of Chicago]]. |
| − | *[[Stanley F. McCormick]] (1874-1947) who worked for the firm, but developed [[schizophrenia]] and retired early in 1906. <ref> | + | *[[Stanley F. McCormick]] (1874-1947) who worked for the firm, but developed [[schizophrenia]] and retired early in 1906. <ref>''[[New York Times]]'', "Stanley F. McCormick, Son of International Harvester Company Founder Was 72," [[January 20]], [[1947]].</ref> His wife [[Katharine McCormick|Katharine]], a [[suffragette]], funded [[Gregory Pincus]]'s research of the [[combined oral contraceptive pill|first birth control pill]]. |
==Awards== | ==Awards== | ||
Numerous prizes and medals were awarded for his reaper, and he was elected a corresponding member of the [[French Academy of Sciences]], "as having done more for the cause of agriculture than any other living man." The invention of the reaper made farming far more efficient, and resulted in a global shift of labor from farmlands to cities. | Numerous prizes and medals were awarded for his reaper, and he was elected a corresponding member of the [[French Academy of Sciences]], "as having done more for the cause of agriculture than any other living man." The invention of the reaper made farming far more efficient, and resulted in a global shift of labor from farmlands to cities. | ||
| − | |||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
| − | McCormick died in Chicago in 1884, he had been an invalid for the past three or four years. <ref> | + | McCormick died in Chicago in 1884, he had been an invalid for the past three or four years. <ref>"The Hon. Cyrus Hall McCormick died at his home in Chicago at 7 o'clock A.M. yesterday. He had been an invalid for the past three or four years, his troubles being caused by paralysis of the lower limbs. For two years he has not been able to walk, and for over a year past has moved..." ''[[New York Times]]'', "Cyrus H. McCormick Dead," [[May 14]], [[1884]].</ref> The company passed on to his grandson, [[Cyrus Hall McCormick III]] <ref name=whs/> The McCormick factories were later the site of urban labor strikes that led to the [[Haymarket Square]] riot in [[1886]]. One of the reasons the employees were striking was because they were earning only $9 a week. |
==Archive== | ==Archive== | ||
Cyrus McCormick's papers are held by the [[Wisconsin Historical Society]]. | Cyrus McCormick's papers are held by the [[Wisconsin Historical Society]]. | ||
| − | == | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ==Notes== | |
| − | + | <references/> | |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | {{ | + | * Casson, Herbert N. ''Cyrus Hall McCormick: His Life and Work''. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1909. |
| + | * ''[[New York Times]]''. "Cyrus H. McCormick Dead." [[May 14]], [[1884]]. | ||
| + | * ''[[New York Times]]''. "Cyrus McCormick, 79, of Reaper Company." [[April 1]], [[1970]]. | ||
| + | * ''[[New York Times]]''. "Fowler McCormick Dies at 74. Ex-Chairman of Harvester." [[January 7]], [[1973]]. | ||
| + | * ''[[New York Times]]''. "Mrs. Cyrus McCormick Ill. Husband and Son Race to Bedside on Special Train." [[January 17]], [[1921]]. | ||
| + | * ''[[New York Times]]''. "Stanley F. McCormick, Son of International Harvester Company Founder Was 72." [[January 20]], [[1947]]. | ||
| + | * ''[[Time]]''. "Died." [[July 16]], [[1923]]. | ||
| + | * ''[[Time]]''. "Progressively Progressive." [[June 8]], [[1962]]. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896312,00.html Progressively Progressive]Retrieved August 21, 2007. | ||
| + | * Lyons, Norbert. ''The McCormick Reaper Legend: the True Story of a Great Invention''. New York: Exposition Press, 1955. | ||
| + | * [[Robert Sobel|Sobel, Robert]]. ''The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition''. New York: Weybright & Talley, 1974. | ||
| + | * [[Wisconsin Historical Society]]. ''Cyrus McCormick - International Harvester Company Collection''. [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/libraryarchives/ihc/cyrus.asp Cyrus Hall McCormick] Retrieved August 26, 2007. | ||
| + | * {{1911}} | ||
| − | == | + | ==External links == |
| − | * | + | *{{Famousamericans|CyrusHallMcCormick}} Retrieved November 2, 2007. |
| − | + | *[http://www.antiquefarming.com/machinery.html McCormick Reaper ] Retrieved November 2, 2007. | |
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{{Credit|Cyrus_McCormick|167732446}} | {{Credit|Cyrus_McCormick|167732446}} | ||
Revision as of 17:26, 2 November 2007
Cyrus Hall McCormick, Sr. (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902. [1]
Birth
He was born at woodridge, the McCormick family farm in woodridge, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley on the western side of the Blue Ridge Mountains. His parents were, Mary Ann Hall; and Robert Hall McCormick. His siblings included: Leander J. McCormick and William Sanderson McCormick.
Reaper
His father, the inventor Robert Hall McCormick, worked for 16 years on a horse-drawn reaper. However, he was not able to finish his project and stopped developing it. Cyrus was given the project, and developed a final version of the reaper in 2 months. The reaper was demonstrated in tests in 1831 and was patented by Cyrus in 1834. [1]
In 1847, Cyrus and his brother Leander moved to Chicago, where they established large centralized works for manufacturing agricultural implements; they were joined by their brother William in 1849. The McCormick reaper sold well, partially as a result of savvy and innovative business practices. Their products came onto the market just as the development of railroads offered wide distribution to distant market areas. He developed marketing and sales techniques, developing a vast network of trained salesmen able to demonstrate operation of the machines in the field. William H. Seward said of McCormick's invention that owing to it "the line of civilization moves westward thirty miles each year." One of the company's most famous advertisement featured an epic painting by Emanuel Leutze with the slogan, “Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way with McCormick Reapers in the Van."
Marriage and children
In January of 1858, McCormick married Nancy Maria Fowler (1846-1912), also known as Nettie Fowler. She was 23 years old. They had the following children: [2] [3]
- Cyrus Hall McCormick II (1859-1932) who was born in Morristown, New Jersey. His son, Cyrus Hall McCormick III (1889-1970) would become Chairman of the company. [4]
- Mary Virginia McCormick (1861-1941)
- Robert McCormick (1863-1910)
- Anita McCormick (1866-1954) who married Emmons Blaine (1857-1892). [5]
- Alice McCormick (1870-1945)
- Harold Fowler McCormick (1872–1941), who married Edith Rockefeller, youngest daughter of John D. Rockefeller. Their son was Harold Fowler McCormick, Jr. (1898-1973). He was the great uncle of Robert R. McCormick. [6] He was a very active member of The Commercial Club of Chicago.
- Stanley F. McCormick (1874-1947) who worked for the firm, but developed schizophrenia and retired early in 1906. [7] His wife Katharine, a suffragette, funded Gregory Pincus's research of the first birth control pill.
Awards
Numerous prizes and medals were awarded for his reaper, and he was elected a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences, "as having done more for the cause of agriculture than any other living man." The invention of the reaper made farming far more efficient, and resulted in a global shift of labor from farmlands to cities.
Death
McCormick died in Chicago in 1884, he had been an invalid for the past three or four years. [8] The company passed on to his grandson, Cyrus Hall McCormick III [1] The McCormick factories were later the site of urban labor strikes that led to the Haymarket Square riot in 1886. One of the reasons the employees were striking was because they were earning only $9 a week.
Archive
Cyrus McCormick's papers are held by the Wisconsin Historical Society.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Cyrus H. McCormick (1809-1884) was an industrialist and inventor of the first commercially successful reaper, a horse-drawn machine to harvest wheat. He was born at the family farm (Walnut Grove) in Rockbridge County, Virginia on February 15, 1809. His father Robert experimented with a design for a mechanical reaper from around the time of Cyrus' birth." Wisconsin Historical Society, Cyrus McCormick - International Harvester Company Collection, Cyrus Hall McCormick Retrieved August 26, 2007.
- ↑ "Mrs. Nettie Fowler McCormick, 88, widow of Cyrus H. McCormick, inventor of the grain reaper, at Lake Forest, Illinois, of acute bronchitis." Time, "Died," July 16, 1923.
- ↑ New York Times, "Mrs. Cyrus McCormick Ill. Husband and Son Race to Bedside on Special Train," January 17, 1921.
- ↑ "Cyrus McCormick, former vice president and director of the International Harvester Company and grandson of the inventor, died yesterday of a cerebral hemorrhage in a hospital here. He was 79 years old and had lived here for about 15 years. He retired in 1931." New York Times, "Cyrus McCormick, 79, of Reaper Company," April 1, 1970.
- ↑ "The idea attracted Mrs. Emmons Blaine, daughter of Reaper Inventor Cyrus McCormick, who gave the colonel $1,000,000 to launch the Parker School in 1901. The colonel spawned all sorts of innovations in U.S. education—specialized teachers, morning assemblies, the teaching of art, music and drama." Time, "Progressively Progressive," June 8, 1962, Progressively ProgressiveRetrieved August 21, 2007.
- ↑ "Fowler McCormick, former chairman of the board of the International Harvester Company, the world's largest manufacturer of agricultural implements, died here today after a lingering illness, company officials announced. He was 74 years old." New York Times, "Fowler McCormick Dies at 74. Ex-Chairman of Harvester," January 7, 1973.
- ↑ New York Times, "Stanley F. McCormick, Son of International Harvester Company Founder Was 72," January 20, 1947.
- ↑ "The Hon. Cyrus Hall McCormick died at his home in Chicago at 7 o'clock A.M. yesterday. He had been an invalid for the past three or four years, his troubles being caused by paralysis of the lower limbs. For two years he has not been able to walk, and for over a year past has moved..." New York Times, "Cyrus H. McCormick Dead," May 14, 1884.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Casson, Herbert N. Cyrus Hall McCormick: His Life and Work. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1909.
- New York Times. "Cyrus H. McCormick Dead." May 14, 1884.
- New York Times. "Cyrus McCormick, 79, of Reaper Company." April 1, 1970.
- New York Times. "Fowler McCormick Dies at 74. Ex-Chairman of Harvester." January 7, 1973.
- New York Times. "Mrs. Cyrus McCormick Ill. Husband and Son Race to Bedside on Special Train." January 17, 1921.
- New York Times. "Stanley F. McCormick, Son of International Harvester Company Founder Was 72." January 20, 1947.
- Time. "Died." July 16, 1923.
- Time. "Progressively Progressive." June 8, 1962. Progressively ProgressiveRetrieved August 21, 2007.
- Lyons, Norbert. The McCormick Reaper Legend: the True Story of a Great Invention. New York: Exposition Press, 1955.
- Sobel, Robert. The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition. New York: Weybright & Talley, 1974.
- Wisconsin Historical Society. Cyrus McCormick - International Harvester Company Collection. Cyrus Hall McCormick Retrieved August 26, 2007.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
External links
- Cyrus Hall McCormick at Famous Americans Retrieved November 2, 2007.
- McCormick Reaper Retrieved November 2, 2007.
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