Difference between revisions of "Changdeokgung" - New World Encyclopedia

Hangul	창덕궁
Hanja	昌德宮
Revised Romanization	Changdeokgung
McCune-Reischauer	Ch'angdŏkkung

Changdeokgung
Hangul	창덕궁
Hanja	昌德宮
Revised Romanization	Changdeokgung
McCune-Reischauer	Ch'angdŏkkung

Changdeokgung Palace Complex
Changdeokgung Palace Complex*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	Republic of Korea
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Reference	816
Region**	Asia-Pacific
	Inscription history
Inscription	1997 (21st Session)
	* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.; ** Region as classified by UNESCO.

Revision as of 21:50, 25 January 2017

Changdeokgung (Changdeok Palace or Palace of Prospering Virtue) is a palace set within a large park in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by the kings of the Joseon Dynasty and due to its location east of Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung is also referred to as the East Palace.

Changdeokgung was the favored palace of many kings of the Joseon Dynasty and retained many Korean elements dating from the Three Kingdoms of Korea period that were not incorporated in the more formalistic Gyeongbokgung. One such element is that the buildings of Changdeokgung blend with the topography of the site instead of imposing upon nature.

Changdeokgung is one of the finest examples of Confucian royal architecture and landscaping in the world, demonstrated by UNESCO's designation of Changdeokgung as a World Heritage Site as well as the designation of Injeongjeon as a National Treasure. Although Confucianism is considered a philosophy rather than a religion by many scholars, the emphasis upon becoming a divinely perfect gentleman in society is undeniable. Changdeokgung has been designed as the perfect dwelling place for the perfect gentleman and his family, the king, and his court.

History

Construction of Changdeok Palace began in 1405, and was completed in 1412 with the construction of the main gate Donwhamun during the reign of King Taejong of Joseon. King Sejo of Joseon expanded the palace grounds by about 500,000 square meters, including the Biwon (Secret Garden). The Japanese army burnt the Palace to the ground during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598) and King Sonjo and King Kwanghaegun reconstructed the Palace in 1609. The next arson occured in 1623 during the Injo Political Revolt against Kwanghaegun. The palace suffered damage throughout its history, but the rebuilders have remained faithful to its original design. Changdeokgung served as the site of the royal court and the seat of government until 1872, when the royal court rebuilt neighboring Gyeongbokgung. Korea's last king, King Sunjong lived here until his death in 1926.

Description

Today thirteen buildings remain on the palace grounds and twenty eight pavilions in the gardens, occupying 110 acres (forty-five hectares). The area is designated Historical Site No. 122. Buildings of note include Donhwa-mun (built in 1412, rebuilt in 1607, with a copper bell weighing nine short tons or eight metric tons), Injeong-jeon (main hall), Seongjeong-jeon (auxiliary office in the main hall), Huijeong-dang (the king's private residence, later used as a conference hall), Daejo-jeon (living quarters), and Nakseon-jae (former residence of Korean imperial family including Princess Bangja). Structures of particular interest include:

Daejojeon Hall - Official residence of the queen. Destroyed by fire in 1917, rebuilt 1920.

Donhwamun Gate - The main palace gate. Built 1412, the oldest of the gates still standing.

Geumcheongyo Bridge - Oldest bridge still extant in Seoul. Built 1411.

Huijeongdang Hall - Originally royal bedchamber, later also offices. Original building was destroyed in 1917, rebuilt 1920.

Injeongjeon Hall (National Treasure #225) - Throne hall. Originally built 1405, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1609, destroyed by fire in 1803; the current structure dates from 1804.

Juhamnu Pavilion - Royal archive and portrait gallery. Built 1776.

Seonjeongjeon Hall - An office for ruling officials. Originally built 1461, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1647.

Yeongyeongdang Residence - A house in the style of Confucian literati. Built 1828.

Behind the palace lies the 78-acre (32 ha) Biwon (Secret Garden) which was originally constructed for the use of the royal family and palace women. The garden incorporates a lotus pond, pavilions, and landscaped lawns, trees, and flowers. The surroundings and the palace itself are well matched. There are over 26,000 specimens of a hundred different species of trees in the garden and some of the trees behind the palace are now over 300 years old.

The Ongnyucheon ("Jade Stream") area is of particular interest. It contains a U-shaped water channel carved in 1636 for floating wine cups, with a small waterfall and an inscribed poem on the boulder above it. The area also contains five small pavilions.

Changdeokgung was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The UNESCO committee inscribing the site stated the palace was an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design" being exceptional because the buildings are "integrated into and harmonized with the natural setting" and adapted "to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover."

Portions of the palace were used to film the hugely popular Korean Drama Dae Jang Geum in the 2000s.

Photo Gallery

Biwon
Daejojeon
Huijeongdang
Injeongjeon
Juhamnu
Nakseonjae
Nakseonjae
Nakseonjae
Ongnyucheon
Seonjeongjeon
Yeonghwadang
Yeongyeongdang

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Adams, Edward Ben. 1970. Through gates of Seoul; trails and tales of Yi dynasty. Seoul: Sahm-bo Pub. Corp. OCLC: 109132
Clark, Allen D., and Donald N. Clark. 1969. Seoul; past and present; a guide to Yi Tʼaejoʼs capital. Seoul: Hollym Corp. OCLC: 567884
Clark, Donald N., and James Huntley Grayson. 1986. Discovering Seoul. Seoul, Korea: Seoul Computer Press. OCLC: 31436379
Lee, Gil-sang. 2006. Exploring Korean history through world heritage. Seongnam-si: Academy of Korean Studies.
Suh, Jai-sik. 2001. World heritage in Korea. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym. ISBN 9781565911710
Yoon, Jong-soon. 2000. Beautiful Seoul. Seoul, Korea: Sung Min Publishing House. OCLC: 64026355
Yun, Chong-sun. 2000. Chʻangdŏkkung = Changdeokgung (Palace) . Seoul: Sung Min Publishing House. OCLC: 86078526

External links

All links retrieved January 25, 2017.

Credits

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Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{claimed}}
+{{Copyedited}}{{approved}}{{submitted}}{{images OK}}{{Paid}}
-{{koreanname|
-image=[[Image:Injeongjeon (exterior), Changdeokgung - Seoul, Korea.JPG|250px|Changdeokgung Injeongjeon]] |
-hangul=창덕궁|hanja=昌德宮|rr=Changdeokgung|mr=Ch'angdŏkkung}}
 {{Infobox World Heritage Site
 | WHS        = Changdeokgung Palace Complex
@@ Line 15: / Line 13: @@
 | Link        = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/816
 }}
-'''Changdeokgung''' (''Changdeok Palace'' or Palace of Prospering Virtue) is a palace set within a large park in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. It is one of the "[[Five Grand Palaces]]" built by the kings of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] and due to its location east of [[Gyeongbok Palace]], Changdeokgung is also referred to as the East Palace.
-Changdeokgung was the favored palace of many kings of the Joseon Dynasty and retained many Korean elements dating from the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]] period that were not incorporated in the more formalistic Gyeongbokgung.  One such element is the fact that the buildings of Changdeokgung blend with the topography of the site instead of imposing upon nature.
+'''Changdeokgung''' (''Changdeok Palace'' or Palace of Prospering Virtue) is a palace set within a large park in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. It is one of the "[[Five Grand Palaces]]" built by the kings of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] and due to its location east of [[Gyeongbokgung]] Palace, Changdeokgung is also referred to as the East Palace.
+Changdeokgung was the favored palace of many kings of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] and retained many Korean elements dating from the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]] period that were not incorporated in the more formalistic [[Gyeongbokgung]].  One such element is that the buildings of Changdeokgung blend with the topography of the site instead of imposing upon nature.
+{{toc}}
+Changdeokgung is one of the finest examples of [[Confucianism|Confucian]] royal [[architecture]] and landscaping in the world, demonstrated by [[UNESCO]]'s designation of Changdeokgung as a [[World Heritage Site]] as well as the designation of Injeongjeon as a [[National treasures of South Korea|National Treasure]].  Although Confucianism is considered a [[philosophy]] rather than a religion by many scholars, the emphasis upon becoming a divinely perfect gentleman in society is undeniable.  Changdeokgung has been designed as the perfect dwelling place for the perfect gentleman and his family, the king, and his court.
+{{koreanname|
+|
+hangul=창덕궁|hanja=昌德宮|rr=Changdeokgung|mr=Ch'angdŏkkung}}
+==History==
+Construction of Changdeok Palace began in 1405, and was completed in 1412 with the construction of the main gate Donwhamun during the reign of King [[Taejong of Joseon]]. King [[Sejo of Joseon]] expanded the palace grounds by about 500,000 square meters, including the ''Biwon'' (Secret Garden). The [[Japan]]ese army burnt the Palace to the ground during the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)]] and King Sonjo and King Kwanghaegun reconstructed the Palace in 1609. The next arson occured in 1623 during the Injo Political Revolt against Kwanghaegun.  The palace suffered damage throughout its history, but the rebuilders have remained faithful to its original design.  Changdeokgung served as the site of the royal court and the seat of government until 1872, when the royal court rebuilt neighboring [[Gyeongbokgung]].  Korea's last king, King Sunjong lived here until his death in 1926.
-Construction of Changdeok Palace began in 1405, and was completed in 1412 with the construction of the main gate Donwhamun during the reign of King Taejong. King Sejo of Joseon expanded the palace grounds by about 500,000 square meters, including the ''Biwon'' (see below). The Palace was burnt to the ground during the Japanese invasion in 1592 and reconstructed in 1609 by King Sonjo and King Kwanghaegun. The next arson was in 1623 because of Injo Political Revolt against Kwanghaegun.  The palace was also attacked by the Qing, French and the United States but throughout its history of reconstruction and repair, has remained faithful to its original design.  Changdeokgung was the site of the royal court and the seat of government until 1872, when the neighboring [[Gyeongbokgung]] was rebuilt.  Korea's last king, King Sunjong lived here until his death in 1926.
+==Description==
-Today there are 13 buildings remaining on the palace grounds and 28 pavilions in the gardens, occupying 110 acres (45 hectares) in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Buildings of note include Donhwa-mun (built in 1412, rebuilt in 1607, with a copper bell weighing 9 [[short ton]]s or 8 metric tons), Injeong-jeon (main hall), Seongjeong-jeon (auxiliary office in the main hall), Huijeong-dang (the king's private residence, later used as a conference hall), Daejo-jeon (living quarters), and Nakseon-jae (former residence of Korean imperial family including Princess Bangja. Structures of particular interest include:
+Today thirteen buildings remain on the palace grounds and twenty eight pavilions in the gardens, occupying 110 acres (forty-five hectares). The area is designated Historical Site No. 122. Buildings of note include Donhwa-mun (built in 1412, rebuilt in 1607, with a copper bell weighing nine short tons or eight metric tons), Injeong-jeon (main hall), Seongjeong-jeon (auxiliary office in the main hall), Huijeong-dang (the king's private residence, later used as a conference hall), Daejo-jeon (living quarters), and Nakseon-jae (former residence of Korean imperial family including Princess Bangja). Structures of particular interest include:
-* Daejojeon Hall - Official residence of the queen. Destroyed by fire in 1917, rebuilt 1920.
+* '''Daejojeon Hall''' - Official residence of the queen. Destroyed by fire in 1917, rebuilt 1920.
-* Donhwamun Gate - The main palace gate. Built 1412, the oldest of the gates still standing.
+* '''Donhwamun Gate''' - The main palace gate. Built 1412, the oldest of the gates still standing.
-* Geumcheongyo Bridge - Oldest bridge still extant in Seoul. Built 1411.
+* '''Geumcheongyo Bridge''' - Oldest bridge still extant in Seoul. Built 1411.
-* Huijeongdang Hall - Originally royal bedchamber, later also offices. Original building was destroyed in 1917, rebuilt 1920.
+* '''Huijeongdang Hall''' - Originally royal bedchamber, later also offices. Original building was destroyed in 1917, rebuilt 1920.
-* Injeongjeon Hall (National Treasure) - Throne hall. Originally built 1405, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1609, destroyed by fire in 1803; the current structure dates from 1804.
+* '''Injeongjeon Hall (National Treasure #225)''' - Throne hall. Originally built 1405, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1609, destroyed by fire in 1803; the current structure dates from 1804.
-* Juhamnu Pavilion - Royal archive and portrait gallery. Built 1776.
+* '''Juhamnu Pavilion''' - Royal archive and portrait gallery. Built 1776.
-* Seonjeongjeon Hall - An office for ruling officials. Originally built 1461, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1647.
+* '''Seonjeongjeon Hall''' - An office for ruling officials. Originally built 1461, destroyed in Imjin Wars, restored 1647.
-* Yeongyeongdang Residence - A house in the style of Confucian literati. Built 1828.
+* '''Yeongyeongdang Residence''' - A house in the style of Confucian literati. Built 1828.
-Behind the palace lies the 78-acre (32 ha) '''Biwon''' (secret garden) which was originally constructed for the use of the royal family and palace women.  The garden incorporates a lotus pond, pavilions, and landscaped lawns, trees, and flowers.  The surroundings and the palace itself are well matched. There are over 26,000 specimens of a hundred different species of trees in the garden and some of the trees behind the palace are now over 300 years old.
+Behind the palace lies the 78-acre (32 ha) '''Biwon''' (Secret Garden) which was originally constructed for the use of the royal family and palace women.  The garden incorporates a lotus pond, pavilions, and landscaped lawns, trees, and flowers.  The surroundings and the palace itself are well matched. There are over 26,000 specimens of a hundred different species of trees in the garden and some of the trees behind the palace are now over 300 years old.
 The Ongnyucheon ("Jade Stream") area is of particular interest. It contains a U-shaped water channel carved in 1636 for floating wine cups, with a small waterfall and an inscribed poem on the boulder above it. The area also contains five small pavilions.
-Changdeokgung was added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 1997.  The UNESCO committee inscribing the site stated the place was an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design" being exceptional because the buildings are "integrated into and harmonized with the natural setting" and adapted "to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover."  [http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom97.htm#816].
+Changdeokgung was declared a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]] in 1997.  The UNESCO committee inscribing the site stated the palace was an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design" being exceptional because the buildings are "integrated into and harmonized with the natural setting" and adapted "to the topography and retaining indigenous tree cover."
 Portions of the palace were used to film the hugely popular Korean Drama [[Dae Jang Geum]] in the 2000s.
+==Photo Gallery==
 <gallery>
@@ Line 62: / Line 71: @@
 </gallery>
-==See also==
-*[[Culture of Korea]]
-*[[List of Korea-related topics]]
-==References and further reading==
-* Yoon, Jong-soon (1992), ''Beautiful Seoul'', Seoul: Sung Min Publishing House. PP. 4—51 are particularly relevant; each building has a picture and a historical description.
+==References==
-* ''Changdeokgung Palace'', undated pamphlet available at the palace
+* Adams, Edward Ben. 1970. ''Through gates of Seoul; trails and tales of Yi dynasty''. Seoul: Sahm-bo Pub. Corp. OCLC: 109132
+* Clark, Allen D., and Donald N. Clark. 1969. ''Seoul; past and present; a guide to Yi Tʼaejoʼs capital''. Seoul: Hollym Corp. OCLC: 567884
+* Clark, Donald N., and James Huntley Grayson. 1986. ''Discovering Seoul''. Seoul, Korea: Seoul Computer Press. OCLC: 31436379
+* Lee, Gil-sang. 2006. ''Exploring Korean history through world heritage''. Seongnam-si: Academy of Korean Studies.
+* Suh, Jai-sik. 2001. ''World heritage in Korea''. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym. ISBN 9781565911710
+* Yoon, Jong-soon. 2000. ''Beautiful Seoul''. Seoul, Korea: Sung Min Publishing House. OCLC: 64026355
+* Yun, Chong-sun. 2000. ''Chʻangdŏkkung = Changdeokgung (Palace) ''. Seoul: Sung Min Publishing House. OCLC: 86078526
 == External links ==
+All links retrieved January 25, 2017.
 * [http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=816 UNESCO: Changdeokgung Palace Complex]
 * [http://www.cdg.go.kr Changdeokgung Palace]
 * [http://www.lifeinkorea.com/Travel2/seoul/76 Life in Korea: Changdeok Palace / Biwon Garden]
-* [http://www.cha.go.kr/english/royal_palaces/Changdeokgung.jsp?catmenu=ES_04_01 Official guide from Cultural Heritage Administration]
+* [http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom97.htm#816 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]
-* [http://www.Jennyhouse.info/korea The Architecture and Skyscraper Community of Korea (Find Changdeokgung under Seoul]
-{{Five Grand Palaces (Joseon)}}<br>
+{{credit|108804400}}
-{{World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Korea}}
 [[Category:Philosophy and religion]]
-[[Category:Korean culture]]
+[[Category:Geography]]
-[[Category:History and biography]]
+[[Category:History]]
+[[Category:Korea]]
-{{credit|108804400}}

Changdeokgung Palace Complex*
UNESCO World Heritage Site

State Party	Republic of Korea
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iii, iv
Reference	816
Region**	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	1997 (21st Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO.