Cafe wall illusion
The café wall illusion is an optical illusion, first described by Richard Gregory. When offset dark and light tiles are alternated, they can create the illusion of tapering horizontal lines. The effect depends on the presence of a visible line of gray mortar between the tiles. It is known as the "café wall illusion" since being observed on the outside wall of a café.
Discovery
The café wall illusion was first reported by Richard Gregory, a professor of neuropsychology at the University of Bristol, together with Priscilla Heard. In 1979, a member of Gregory's lab observed the unusual visual effect created by the tiling pattern on the wall of the nearby café at the bottom of St Michael's Hill, Bristol. The café was tiled with alternate rows of offset black and white tiles, with visible mortar lines in between.[1] Gregory and Heard's findings surrounding the café wall illusion were first published in a 1979 edition of Perception.
The same effect is sometimes known as the Munsterberg illusion, as it was previously reported in 1897 by Hugo Munsterberg who referred to it as the "shifted chequerboard figure." It has also been called the "illusion of kindergarten patterns" because it was often seen in the weaving of kindergarten students.[2]
Description
This illusion is created when offset rows of alternating dark and light tiles are surrounded by a visible line of mortar. Ideally, the mortar is a shade somewhere between the two tile colors. When the tiles are offset by half a tile width, the horizontal lines appear to slant diagonally, creating the appearance of wedges. The illusionary effect is affected by both the position of the tiles as well as the thickness and color of the grout in between them. If grout lines are removed, there is no longer any illusion of diagonal lines.
Explanation
Diagonal lines are perceived because of the way neurons in the brain interact. Different types of neurons react to the perception of dark and light colors, and because of the placement of the dark and light tiles, different parts of the grout lines are dimmed or brightened in the retina. Where there is a brightness contrast across the grout line, a small scale asymmetry occurs whereby half the dark and light tiles move toward each other forming small wedges. These little wedges are then integrated into long wedges with the brain interpreting the grout line as a sloping line.[3]
Applications
The café wall illusion has helped neuropsychologists study the way in which visual information is processed by the brain. The illusion has also been used in graphic design and art applications, as well as architectural applications.
Notes
- ↑ Michael Bach, "Café Wall Illusion" "Optical Illusions and Visual Phenomena." September 20, 2002. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ↑ J. O. Robinson, The Psychology of Visual Illusion (Dover Publications 1998 ISBN 978-0486404493)
- ↑ Ashish Ranpura, "Cafe Wall Illusion" Scientific Learning. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Bruce, Vicki. 1966. Unsolved Mysteries Of The Mind: Tutorial Essays In Cognition. Psychology Press. ISBN 0863773931
- Gregory, Richard. 1997. Eye and Brain. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691048371
- Robinson, J. O. 1998. The Psychology of Visual Illusion. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0486404493.
External links
All links retrieved December 23, 2016.
- Border Locking and the Café Wall Illusion The original paper published by Gregory and Heard.
- Interactive version of the Café wall illusion (Requires Shockwave browser plugin).
- An animated "proof" that the horizontal lines are parallel and straight (This gif should open in most browsers).
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